Current Evidence-Based Practices for Menopausal Symptoms

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1609 - 1618, 22.12.2022

Burcu Öskan Fırat Ergül Aslan

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.943087

Öz

The aim of this review is to ensure that nurses, who provide counseling and care to women during menopause, deliver care with a holistic approach, in the light of evidence-based practices, and to examine current recommendations in accordance with the literature. Menopause is defined as the permanent end of the menstrual period due to loss of ovarian function. This physiological process, which is the last stage of the reproductive age, causes women to experience both physical and emotional problems and negatively affects their quality of life. At the beginning of the premenopausal period, as a result of the reduction of ovarian function, early symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, decrease in fertility, vasomotor symptoms, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, headaches, mood swings arise, while osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases emerge in the later period. There are many evidence-based practices in the management of these symptoms during menopause. Said practices are thorough questioning of menopause symptoms, hormone therapy, non-hormonal pharmacological agents, regular exercise, yoga and relaxation exercises, keeping body mass index in a normal range, avoiding smoking, applications that will lower the body temperature, vitamin D supplement and training and consulting services for menopause symptoms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nursing care, Evidence-Based practices, Menopause

Menopoz Semptomlarına Özgü Güncel Kanıt Temelli Uygulamalar

Öz

Bu derlemenin amacı menopoz döneminde kadınlara danışmanlık ve bakım veren hemşirelerin bütüncül yaklaşımla, kanıt temelli uygulamalar ışığında bakım sunmalarını sağlamak ve güncel önerileri literatür doğrultusunda incelemektir. Menopoz over fonksiyonlarının kaybı nedeniyle menstrüel periyodun kalıcı olarak sona ermesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Üreme çağının son evresi olan bu fizyolojik süreç kadınların hem fiziksel hem de duygusal sorunlar yaşamalarına neden olarak yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Premenopozal dönemin başında over fonksiyonlarının azalmasına bağlı olarak adet düzensizlikleri, doğurganlıkta azalma, vazomotor semptomlar, cinsel işlev bozukluğu, uyku bozuklukları, baş ağrısı, ruh hali değişiklikleri gibi erken dönem semptomları ortaya çıkarken, osteoporoz ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ise geç dönemde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Menopoz döneminde yaşanan bu semptomların yönetiminde birçok kanıt temelli uygulama mevcuttur. Bu uygulamaların başında menopoz semptomlarının kapsamlı şekilde sorgulanması, hormon tedavisi, hormonal olmayan farmakolojik ajanlar, düzenli egzersiz, yoga ve gevşeme egzersizleri, beden kitle indeksini normal sınırlarda tutma, sigara içmekten kaçınma, vücut sıcaklığını düşürecek uygulamalar, D vitamini desteği, menopoz semptomlarına yönelik eğitim ve danışmanlık hizmetleri yer almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşirelik bakımı, kanıt temelli uygulamalar, menopoz

Kaynakça

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