The Health Belief Model, Tourism Phobia and Epidemic Diseases

Öz

The Covid-19 pandemic may reveal fear-related phobic behaviors at the societal level, increase the incidence of these behaviors and cause health-related behavioral alterations. These transformations are expected to be permanent even after the epidemic ends or is brought under control. It is anticipated that the tourism industry will also experience these changes intensely, that the resulting fear, panic, uncertainty and risk perception will change tourist behavior and arouse phobic behaviors. In point of fact, fear provokes individuals to develop defense mechanisms in order to protect themselves against dangers. The high risk perception regarding health reveals the protective behavior. At this point, the tourist does not feel safe during his/her vacation, the possibility of being infected, infecting his/her relatives or other people around him; It may lead to a decrease in international travel, shortening of vacation time or abstaining from traveling. From this point of view, this study focuses on the Health Belief Model, tourism phobia and epidemic disease, and the psychological effects of the fear and panic environment created by the Covid-19 epidemic are outlined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• The Health Belief Model
• Tourism Phobia
• Epidemics
• Covid-19

Sağlık İnanç Modeli, Turizm Fobisi ve Salgın Hastalıklar

Öz

Covid-19 salgını, toplumsal düzeyde korkuyla bağlantılı fobik davranışları ortaya çıkarabilmekte, bu davranışların görülme sıklığını artırabilmekte, sağlıkla bağlantılı davranış değişiklilerine sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Salgın sona erdikten ya da kontrol altına alındıktan sonra dahi bu dönüşümlerin kalıcı olması beklenmektedir. Turizm endüstrisinin de bu değişimleri yoğun bir şekilde deneyimleyeceği, ortaya çıkan korkunun, paniğin, belirsizliğin ve risk algısının turist davranışını değiştireceği, fobik davranışlara sebebiyet vereceği düşünülmektedir. Nitekim korku, bireylerin kendini tehlikelere karşı koruma altına almak adına savunma mekanizmaları geliştirmesine neden olmaktadır. Sağlığa ilişkin risk algısının yüksek olması ise koruma davranışını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu noktada turistin tatili esnasında kendini güvende hissetmemesi, enfekte olabilme, yakınlarına ya da etrafındaki diğer kişilere hastalığı bulaştırma olasılığı; uluslararası seyahatlerin azalmasına, turistlerin daha kısa süreli seyahatler gerçekleştirmelerine ya da seyahat etmekten tamamen imtina etmelerine sebebiyet verebilir. Bu perspektiften bu çalışmada sağlık inanç modeli, turizm fobisi ve salgın hastalık konuları üzerinde durulmuş, Covid-19 salgının yarattığı korku ve panik ortamının psikolojik etkileri genel hatlarıyla çizilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık İnanç Modeli
• Turizm Fobisi
• Salgın Hastalıklar
• Covid-19

Kaynakça

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