Güvenlik Algısına Etki Eden Faktörler Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2021, , 825 - 863, 01.12.2021

Can Ozan Tuncer Naci Akdemir

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1029863

Öz

Yapılan çalışmalar güvenlik algısının suç oranları, yaşanan bölgenin fiziksel ve sosyal özellikleri, kolluk memnuniyeti ve kolluğa duyulan güven ile bireysel farklılıklar ve sosyal sermaye gibi çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenen kompleks bir kavram olduğunu göstermektedir. Ampirik çalışmamızda, ülkemiz alanyazınındaki güvenlik algısına etki eden faktörler kapsamındaki bilgi açığının giderilmesine katkı sağlamak maksadıyla, kolluk memnuniyeti, yaşanan çevre memnuniyeti ve suç korkusunun bireylerin güvenlik algısı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. İçişleri Bakanlığı İç Güvenlik Stratejileri Dairesi Başkanlığı’nın yürüttüğü bir araştırma kapsamında uygulanan bir anket verisi üzerinde yapılan nicel analiz (Mann-Whitney U, Kurskal Wallis H ve Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli) yaşanan çevre memnuniyetinin güvenlik algısı üzerine kolluk memnuniyetinden daha fazla etki ettiğini göstermektedir. Çalışmamızın alanyazına bir başka önemli katkısı ise, işlevsel faktörlerin (güvenlik birimlerinin suç önlemede başarılı olması ve güvenlik birimlerinin suçu açığa çıkarması) normatif faktörlere (kolluğun nezaketli olması ve polis-jandarma personel sayısının yeterli olması) nazaran kolluk memnuniyetine, dolayısıyla güvenlik algısına daha fazla etki ettiğinin tespit edilmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güvenlik Algısı, Kolluk Memnuniyeti, Çevresel Faktörler, Güvenlik, Suç Korkusu

Teşekkür

Çalışmanın hazırlanmasında İçişleri Bakanlığı İç Güvenlik Stratejileri Dairesi Başkanlığı’nın yürüttüğü bir araştırma kapsamında uygulanan bir anket verisinden istifade edilmiştir. Araştırma makalemize esas teşkil eden verinin kullanım izninin verilmesi nedeniyle İçişleri Bakan Yardımcımız Sayın Prof.Dr. Tayyip Sabri ERDİL’e şükranlarımızı arz ederiz.

An Assessment on Factors Affecting Perceived Safety

Öz

Previous research suggests that the perceived safety is a complex phenomenon affected by various factors such as crime rates, physical and social characteristics of the neighborhood, police satisfaction and trust in law enforcement, individual differences, and social capital. The aim of this study is to address the knowledge gap regarding factors affecting perceived safety by examining the impact of satisfaction on perceived safety in terms of law enforcement satisfaction, neighborhood satisfaction, and fear of crime. The quantitative analysis (Mann-Whitney U, Kurskal Wallis H and Structural Equation Modelling) of a survey conducted in Istanbul suggested that neighborhood satisfaction has a stronger impact on perceived safety when compared to law enforcement satisfaction. Documenting that instrumental factors (success in preventing and combatting crime) affect law enforcement satisfaction more than normative factors (kind treatment by law enforcement and the sufficient number of police-gendarmerie personnel) is another novel contribution of our study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Perceived Safety, Law Enforcement Satisfaction, Environmental Factors, Security, Fear of Crime

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