Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin YPG’ye Desteğinin Uluslararası Sorumluluk Hukuku Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, , 899 - 925, 01.12.2021

Emir Abbas Gürbüz

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1029877

Öz

2015 yılı sonbaharında Irak-Şam İslam Devleti (IŞİD) adlı terör örgütünün Suriye’de endişe verici yayılması ve terör örgütü PKK’nın Suriye kolu YPG’nin elinde bulunan Ayn-El Arap kasabasını kuşatmasıyla yükselen uluslararası duyarlılık neticesinde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nin, Ayn-El Arap kasabasındaki YPG’li teröristleri silahlandırarak IŞİD’e karşı savaşmalarına yardım etmeye başlamıştır. İşte bu aşamada, devlet dışı silahlı bir aktör olan YPG’li militanların eylemlerinden kendileri kadar destekçilerin sorumluluğu da gündeme gelecektir. İşbu makalede Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin YPG’nin işlediği eylemlerden sorumluluğu incelenmiştir. Yugoslavya’nın parçalanması sürecindeki silahlı çatışmalar ile Latin Amerika’daki vekalet savaşlarına dair yürütülen uluslararası yargılamalarda ortaya konan hukuki yaklaşımlar ve yorumlar bu çalışmaya ışık tutmuştur. Doktrinde etkin kontrol teorileri üzerine devam eden tartışmalar henüz bağlayıcı hukuk kuralları meydana getirmemiş olsa da Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin YPG’ye verdiği desteğin ulaştığı boyuta dair kamuoyuna yansıyan bilgiler ve sahadaki gerçeklikler beraberce değerlendirildiğinde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin YPG’nin işlediği insan hakları ihlallerinden hukuki sorumluluğu ileri sürülebilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası Sorumluluk Hukuku, Etkin Kontrol Teorisi, Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörler, Dolaylı Saldırı, Nikaragua Davası

An Evaluation of the United States Support to the YPG in Terms of International State Responsibility

Öz

In the fall of 2015 due to the alarming spread of the terrorist organization called the Islamic State (ISIS) in Syria and the siege of the town Ayn-El Arab which was under the control of YPG, the international awareness about the area increased and this caused the United States of America (USA) stepping in arming and helping YPG in Ayn-el Arab fighting against ISIS. At this stage, this support can make any supporter as guilty and responsible as the terrorists of the non-state armed actor YPG militants’ illegal actions. This article examines the responsibility of the United States for the actions of the YPG. This study examined the legal approaches and interpretations put forward in the international proceedings regarding the armed conflicts during the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the proxy wars in Latin America to shed light on the current situation in Syria. Even though the ongoing discussions on effective control theories in the doctrine have not created binding legal rules “yet”, USA’s actions’ legal consequences and their responsibilities about the human rights violations committed by the YPG terrorists will create a legal liability when the public information about the extent of the support of the United States to the YPG terrorists and the facts about the hot zone are evaluated together.

Anahtar Kelimeler

State Responsibility, Effective Control Theory, Non-State Actors, Indirect Attack, Nicaragua Case

Kaynakça

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