Radikalizm ve Aşırıcılıktan Terörizme: Siyasal Şiddetin Araçsallaştırılması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28, 37 - 90, 12.12.2018

Mehmet Kurum Engin Avcı

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.495754

Cited By: 4

Öz

11 Eylül saldırılarından sonra, terörist gruplara karşı küresel boyutta yürütülen mücadelenin etkinliği konusundaki tartışmalar, hükûmetleri terörizmle mücadelede yeni stratejiler aramaya itmiştir. Terörizme ilişkin birçok araştırmada, bireylerin neden ve nasıl radikalleştikleri, neden şiddete ve terörizme başvurdukları sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Bu süreçte radikalizm ve aşırıcılık kavramları, terörizm çalışmalarında önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Terörizmin tanımına ilişkin geleneksel tartışmalardaki muğlak durum radikalizm konusundaki çalışmalara da yansımıştır. Bu makalede radikalizm, aşırıcılık ve terörizm kavramlarına ilişkin betimsel bir analiz yapılarak, bu kavramlar arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konulması, birey ve grupların hangi durumlarda şiddete yöneldiklerinin ve şiddeti araçsallaştırdıklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, öncelikle radikalizm ve ilgili kavramlar, kavramın tarihsel gelişimi ve kavramla ilgili farklı yaklaşımlar ele alınmıştır. Müteakiben radikal düşünce ve eylemlerin aşırıcılığa ve terörizme dönüşme sürecinde, şiddetin araç olarak nasıl benimsendiği hususları ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Radikalizm, Aşırıcılık, Terörizm, Siyasal Şiddetin Araçsallaştırılması, Grup Dinamikleri

From Radicalism and Extremism to Terrorism: The Instrumentalization of Political Violence

Öz

After 9/11 attacks, discussions on the efficiency of global struggle against terrorist groups forced governments to seek new strategies in counterterrorism. In many terrorism studies, researchers tried to find answers to those questions, “how and why individuals are radicalised?” and “why people use violence and terrorism?” During this period, terms of radicalism and extremism have caught the attention of researchers in terrorism studies. The ambiguous situation in traditional discussions on the definitions of terrorism has been reflected in the studies on radicalism. In this article, we aim to make a descriptive analysis about radicalism, extremism and terrorism; to reveal relations among the related terms; to examine in which situations individuals and groups use and instrumentalize violence. Within this context, we handled firstly radicalism and related terms, historical perspective and different approaches on radicalism. Finally, we tried to explain how violence was adopted through the process in which radical thoughts and actions were converted into extremism and terrorism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Radicalism, Extremism, Terrorism, Instrumentalization of Political Violence, Group Dynamics

Kaynakça

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