The Effectiveness of the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in Building the Capacity of Local Police Forces: Case of Kosovo

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 45, 255 - 298, 22.08.2023

Alptekin Aslantas , Barış Özdal

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1295390

Öz

Kosovo has historically been the scene of ethnic-driven regional conflicts among the communities. After the disengagement of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1992, the conflicts that had begun with the independence declarations of the Republics of SFRY eventually evolved into ethnic disputes between Serbs and Albanians. As the United Nations (UN) failed to resolve the conflict by diplomatic means, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) initiated an air campaign to stop armed attacks by Serbian Military Forces on the Albanian civil communities. The UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) was established in 1999 to restore peace and stability in Kosovo. One of the mandated tasks of the UNMIK was to establish the local police known as Kosovo Police Service (KPS) and to build its capacity. The objectives of this research are to determine whether the UNMIK was effective and successful in building the KPS’s capacity. A set of new success criteria is developed and applied to evaluate the success of UNMIK in this mandated task. Data for this study were collected using official reports of the UN and the crime statistics of the KPS. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that UNMIK was successful in establishing a local police force.

Anahtar Kelimeler

United Nations, Peace Keeping, UNPOL, UNMIK, Kosovo

Birleşmiş Milletler Barışı Koruma Operasyonları’nın Yerel Polisin Kapasitesinin Geliştirilmesindeki Etkinliği: Kosova Örneği

Öz

Kosova tarihsel süreç içerisinde toplumlar arasında etnik temelli bölgesel çatışmalara sahne olmuştur. 1992’de Yugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti’nin (YSFC) dağılmasının ardından, YSFC’ye bağlı Cumhuriyetlerin bağımsızlıklarını ilan etmesiyle başlayan çatışmalar, zamanla Sırplar ve Arnavutlar arasında etnik çatışmalara dönüşmüştür. Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) sorunu diplomatik yöntemlerle çözemezken, NATO Sırp Silahlı Kuvvetleri’nin, Arnavut sivil topluluklarına yönelik silahlı saldırılarını durdurmak için bir hava harekâtı başlatmıştır. Bu kapsamda BM Kosova Geçici Yönetim Misyonu (UNMIK), Kosova’da barış ve istikrarı yeniden sağlamak için 1999’da kurulmuştur. UNMIK’in kendisine verilen görevlerinden biri, Kosova Polis Teşkilatı (KPS) olarak bilinen yerel polis teşkilatını kurmak ve kapasitesini geliştirmek olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, UNMIK’in KPS’nin kapasitesini geliştirmede etkili ve başarılı olup olmadığını analiz etmektir. UNMIK’in bu görevdeki başarısını değerlendirmek için bir dizi yeni başarı kriteri geliştirilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. İlgili verilerse BM’nin resmî raporları ve KPS’nin suç istatistikleri kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan analiz sonucunda UNMIK’in yerel bir polis teşkilatı kurmada başarılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Birlesmis Milletler, Barisi Koruma, UNPOL, UNMIK, Kosova

Kaynakça

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