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Bir Paradigma Değişimi Olarak Post-Sekülerizm

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 6, 1 - 34, 21.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.62156/habitus.1587936

Öz

Din sosyolojisi’nin temel konusunu teşkil eden modernite-sekülerleşme ilişkisi, son dönemde önemli bir paradigma değişimine konu olmaktadır. Bunun ifadesi olarak, post-modernite ve post-sekülerizm kavramları birer öneri olarak sunulmaktadır. 20. yüzyıl başlarında ortaya çıkan modernite eleştirileri, diğer bazı gelişmelerle birlikte yüzyılın son çeyreğinde post-modernite kavramının ortaya çıkmasına yol açtı. Post-modernite, yeni bir anlam evreni oluşturma konusunda moderniteden taviz verirken, dini alanla da yakınlaşabileceğine dair görünümler sergilemektedir. Bu gelişmeden, sekülerleşme kavramının da etkilendiği ve yeni bir paradigmatik söylem olarak, post-sekülerizm’in ortaya çıktığına tanık olunmaktadır. Sekülerleşme bağlamında yeni bir kavramsallaştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulması, sosyologlar, din sosyologları, felsefeciler gibi farklı alanlardan sosyal bilimcilerin mevcut toplumsal gerçekliği tanımlamada, “seküler kavramının ve sekülerleşme tezi yaklaşımının sınırlılığının aşılması” yönünde bir gerekliliğe ihtiyaç duymalarının bir sonucudur. Bu çalışmada, gündeme getirilen tartışmalar çerçevesinde, “Post-sekülerizm sürecinde, din nasıl bir yapı kazanmaktadır?” sorusu ele alınmakta ve cevaplar bulunmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu noktada, ‘post-sekülerizm’ kavramsallaştırmasının iki temel açılımı olduğunu ileri sürebiliriz. Bunlardan ilki, modernlik durumunun aşılmasının ardından, modern dönemin başat ögesi olan bilimsel hegemonya karşısında, din’e yeniden bir alan açılmasıdır. İkincisi ise, yerel geleneklere yapılan atıf, verilen önem, yeniden diriltme ve temsil hakkı tanıma gibi çabalar gizli/açık dini alanın da, bu gelenek içerisinde kendine yer bulabileceğini gösteriyor. Bu makalede, yukarıda dikkat çekilen kavramlar ışığında din sosyolojisi alanında yapılan tartışmalar analitik ve yorumsamacı yaklaşımla ele alınmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1980). The Concept of Education in Islam, (3-4).
  • Barker, E. (2008). The Church Without and the God Within: Religiosity and/or Spirituality? The Centrality of Religion in Social Life: Essays in Honour of James A. Beckford, Eileen Barker (Ed.), Hampshire: Ashgate.
  • Beckford, J. A. (2012). SSSR Presidential Address Public Religions and the Postsecular: Critical Reflections, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(1). Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01625.x
  • Beyer, P. (1994). Religion and Globalization, London: Sage Publications.
  • Cady, L. E. (2011). Religious Imagination in a Late Secular Age: Extending Liberal Traditions in the Twenty-first Century, American Journal of Theology & Philosophy, 32(1), 23-42). Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/27944531
  • Camilleri, J. A. (2012). Postsecularist Discourse in an ‘age of transition, Review of International Studies, 38(5), 1019-1039. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210512000459
  • Casanova, J. (2009a). The Secular and Secularisms, Social Research, 76(4).
  • Casanova, J. (2009b). Immigration and the new religious pluralism: a European Union-United States comparison, G. Brahm Levey ve T. Modood (Eds.), Secularism, Religion and Multicultural Citizenship içinde (139-163), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Davie, G. (2008). Thinking Sociologically about Religion: Contexts, Concepts and Clarifications, E. Barker (Ed.), The Centrality of Religion in Social Life: Essays in Honour of James A. Beckford içinde, Hampshire: Ashgate.
  • Eisgruber, C. L. (2006). Secularization, Religiosity, and the United States Constitution, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 13(2), 445-472.
  • Evans, G., Northmore-Ball, K. (2012). The Limits of Seculariaztion? The Resurgence of Orthodoxy in Post-Soviet Russia, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(4).
  • Gualtieri, A. R. (1989). Transcendence and Reductionism in Religious Studies: Eric Sharpe on Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Method&Theory in the Study of Religion, 1(1), 47-53.
  • Habermas, J. (2006). Pre Political Foundations of the Democratic Constitutional State?, Dialects of Secularization On Reason and Religion içinde, F. Schuller (Ed.), B. McNeil (Çev.), San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
  • Habermas, J. (2008). A ‘Post-Secular’ Society-what does that mean, 16 September, Reset Dialogues on Civilizations, İstanbul.
  • Holyoake, G. J. (2013). “Introduction”, The Principles of Secularizm içinde, Produced by David Widger.
  • Hovdelien, O. (2011). Post-Secluar Consensus? On the Munich-dialogue between Joseph Ratzinger and Jürgen Habermas, Australian eJournal of Theology, 18(2), 107-116.
  • Hunter, I. (2009). The shallow legitimacy of secular liberal orders: the case of early modern Branderburg-Prussia, G. Brahm Levey ve T. Modood (Ed.), Secularism, Religion and Multicultural Citizenship içinde (27-55), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaltsas, S. (2019). Habermas, Taylor and Connolly on Secularizm, Pluralism and the Post-Secular Public Sphere, Religions, 10(460), 1-19.
  • Leruth, M. F. (2005). Laicism, Religion and the Economy of Belief in the French Republic, Historical Reflections/Reflexions Historiques, 31(3), 445-467.
  • Lobkowicz, N. (1964). Karl Marx’s Attitude Toward Religion, The Review Politics, 319-352.
  • Lyon, D., Taylor, C. (2010). Being Post-secular in the Social Sciences: Taylor’s Social Imaginaries, New Blackfriars, 91(1036), 648-664.

Post-Secularism as a Paradigm Shift

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 6, 1 - 34, 21.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.62156/habitus.1587936

Öz

The modernity-secularization relationship, which constitutes the primary subject of the sociology of religion, has recently been the subject of a significant paradigm shift. As an expression of this, the concepts of post-modernity and post-secularism are presented as suggestions. The criticisms of modernity that emerged in the early 20th century, along with some other developments, led to the concept of post-modernity in the last quarter of the century. While post-modernity compromises modernity by creating a new universe of meaning, it also shows that it can get closer to the religious sphere. It is witnessed that the concept of secularization has also been affected by this development and that post-secularism has emerged as a new paradigmatic discourse. The need for a new conceptualization in the context of secularization is a result of the need for social scientists from different fields, including sociologists, sociologists of religion, and philosophers, to “overcome the limitations of the concept of the secular and the secularization thesis approach” in defining the current social reality. At this point, we can argue that the conceptualization of ‘post-secularism’ has two essential expansions. The first of these is that, after the state of modernity was overcome, a new space was opened for religion against the scientific hegemony that was the dominant element of the modern period. The second is that the references given to local traditions, their importance, their revival, and efforts to recognize the right to represent them show that the hidden/open religious sphere can also find a place within this tradition. This article discusses the sociology of religion with an analytical and interpretative approach in light of the abovementioned concepts.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1980). The Concept of Education in Islam, (3-4).
  • Barker, E. (2008). The Church Without and the God Within: Religiosity and/or Spirituality? The Centrality of Religion in Social Life: Essays in Honour of James A. Beckford, Eileen Barker (Ed.), Hampshire: Ashgate.
  • Beckford, J. A. (2012). SSSR Presidential Address Public Religions and the Postsecular: Critical Reflections, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(1). Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01625.x
  • Beyer, P. (1994). Religion and Globalization, London: Sage Publications.
  • Cady, L. E. (2011). Religious Imagination in a Late Secular Age: Extending Liberal Traditions in the Twenty-first Century, American Journal of Theology & Philosophy, 32(1), 23-42). Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/27944531
  • Camilleri, J. A. (2012). Postsecularist Discourse in an ‘age of transition, Review of International Studies, 38(5), 1019-1039. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210512000459
  • Casanova, J. (2009a). The Secular and Secularisms, Social Research, 76(4).
  • Casanova, J. (2009b). Immigration and the new religious pluralism: a European Union-United States comparison, G. Brahm Levey ve T. Modood (Eds.), Secularism, Religion and Multicultural Citizenship içinde (139-163), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Davie, G. (2008). Thinking Sociologically about Religion: Contexts, Concepts and Clarifications, E. Barker (Ed.), The Centrality of Religion in Social Life: Essays in Honour of James A. Beckford içinde, Hampshire: Ashgate.
  • Eisgruber, C. L. (2006). Secularization, Religiosity, and the United States Constitution, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 13(2), 445-472.
  • Evans, G., Northmore-Ball, K. (2012). The Limits of Seculariaztion? The Resurgence of Orthodoxy in Post-Soviet Russia, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(4).
  • Gualtieri, A. R. (1989). Transcendence and Reductionism in Religious Studies: Eric Sharpe on Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Method&Theory in the Study of Religion, 1(1), 47-53.
  • Habermas, J. (2006). Pre Political Foundations of the Democratic Constitutional State?, Dialects of Secularization On Reason and Religion içinde, F. Schuller (Ed.), B. McNeil (Çev.), San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
  • Habermas, J. (2008). A ‘Post-Secular’ Society-what does that mean, 16 September, Reset Dialogues on Civilizations, İstanbul.
  • Holyoake, G. J. (2013). “Introduction”, The Principles of Secularizm içinde, Produced by David Widger.
  • Hovdelien, O. (2011). Post-Secluar Consensus? On the Munich-dialogue between Joseph Ratzinger and Jürgen Habermas, Australian eJournal of Theology, 18(2), 107-116.
  • Hunter, I. (2009). The shallow legitimacy of secular liberal orders: the case of early modern Branderburg-Prussia, G. Brahm Levey ve T. Modood (Ed.), Secularism, Religion and Multicultural Citizenship içinde (27-55), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaltsas, S. (2019). Habermas, Taylor and Connolly on Secularizm, Pluralism and the Post-Secular Public Sphere, Religions, 10(460), 1-19.
  • Leruth, M. F. (2005). Laicism, Religion and the Economy of Belief in the French Republic, Historical Reflections/Reflexions Historiques, 31(3), 445-467.
  • Lobkowicz, N. (1964). Karl Marx’s Attitude Toward Religion, The Review Politics, 319-352.
  • Lyon, D., Taylor, C. (2010). Being Post-secular in the Social Sciences: Taylor’s Social Imaginaries, New Blackfriars, 91(1036), 648-664.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Özay

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 21 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Özay, M. (2025). Bir Paradigma Değişimi Olarak Post-Sekülerizm. Habitus Toplumbilim Dergisi(6), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.62156/habitus.1587936

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