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THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 867 - 884, 27.12.2021

Simge Samancı , Gamze Tarcan

Öz

In this study, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by pharmacy employees (responsible manager pharmacist, second pharmacist, trainee pharmacist, pharmacy technician and pharmacy apprentice), working in the community pharmacies, while offering their daily service during the COVID-19 pandemic and the difficulties experienced by them due to the use of these equipment were evaluated. The study was conducted with 405 employees working in the community pharmacies located in a metropolitan area. A survey consisting of 44 descriptive questions was prepared by the researchers. The survey was applied face-to-face by taking the necessary measures for COVID-19. All analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 22). It was found that 94.07% of the community pharmacy employees were wearing only surgical mask, 3.95% were wearing only N95 mask, and 1.98% were using both masks. The participants were using at least one protective equipment for an average of 9.6 hours a day and an average of 5.9 days a week. In addition, approximately 98.52% of the participants considered that the size of PPE they used was appropriate, 86.42% believed that PPE was protective against COVID-19 and 86.91% believed that PPE prevented the risk of infection. On the other hand, the participants replaced the mask 3 times a day on average. And 62.47% stated that the mask did not affect their working skills. 26.42% of those who stated that the mask had an effect on skills believed that it negatively affected their speech skills. It was concluded that the use of PPE did not cause negative symptoms such as headache, asthma, depression, anxiety, skin problems, motivation loss, and stress among pharmacy employees and they adjusted to working with these equipment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 community pharmacy personal protective equipment healthcare service pharmacy employee

Kaynakça

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COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE ECZANE ÇALIŞANLARININ SAĞLIK HİZMETİ SUNUMLARINDA KİŞİSEL KORUYUCU EKİPMAN KULLANIMLARI VE YAŞADIKLARI ZORLUKLAR

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 867 - 884, 27.12.2021

Simge Samancı , Gamze Tarcan

Öz

Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 döneminde serbest eczanelerde çalışan personelin (mesul müdür eczacı, ikinci eczacı, stajyer eczacı, eczane teknikeri ve eczane çırağı) günlük hizmet sunumu sırasında kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımları ve bu ekipmanlarla çalışırken karşılaştıkları zorluklar değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma metropol bir bölgede bulunan ve serbest eczanelerde çalışan 405 personele uygulanmıştır. 44 tanımlayıcı soruyu içeren anket araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Anket COVID-19’a yönelik gerekli önlemler alınarak, yüz yüze uygulanmıştır. Tüm analizler SPSS (version 22) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Serbest eczane çalışanlarının %94,07’sinin yalnızca cerrahi maske, %3,95’inin yalnızca N95 maske ve %1,98’inin ise her iki maskeyi de kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcılar en az bir koruyucu ekipmanı günde ortalama 9,6 saat, haftada ise ortalama 5.9 gün kullanmaktadırlar. Ayrıca, katılımcıların neredeyse %98.52’si kullandıkları kişisel koruyucu ekipmanın boyutunu uygun bulurken, %86.42’si bu ekipmanın COVID-19’a karşı koruyucu olduğunu ve % 86,91’i de bulaşma riskini engellediğini düşünmektedir. Diğer taraftan, katılımcılar maskeyi ortalama günde 3 kez yenilemektedirler ve %62,47’si maskenin çalışma becerilerini etkilemediğini belirtmiştir. Maskenin becerilere etkisi olduğunu ifade edenlerin %26,42’si ise, konuşma yeteneklerini olumsuz etkilediğini düşünmektedir. Ayrıca, kullanılan kişisel koruyucu ekipmanın eczane personelinde baş ağrısı, astım, depresyon, anksiyete, cilt problemleri, motivasyon kaybı, stres gibi olumsuz semptomlara neden olmadığı ve personelin bu ekipmanlarla çalışmaya alıştığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 serbest eczane kişisel koruyucu ekipman sağlık hizmeti eczane personeli

Kaynakça

  • Agalar, C., & Engin, D. O. (2020). Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(SI-1), 578-584.
  • Al Edwan, R. (2020). Personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent the COVID-19. What do healthcare workers really need to protect themselves and survive?. Preprints, doi: 10.20944/preprints202006.0290.v1
  • Ankara Pharmacist Chamber, (2020, May 25). Pharmacy working hours within the scope of the normalization process. https://aeo.org.tr/DuyuruModulu/Duyurular/Details/48397.
  • Baduge, M. S. P., Morphet, J., & Moss, C. (2018). Emergency nurses' and department preparedness for an ebola outbreak: A (narrative) literature review. International Emergency Nursing, 38, 41-49.
  • Bahlol, M., Dewey, R. S. (2021). Pandemic preparedness of community pharmacies for COVID-19. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 17(1), 1888-1896.
  • Barbosa, M. H., & Graziano, K. U. (2006). Influence of wearing time on efficacy of disposable surgical masks as microbial barrier. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 37(3), 216-217.
  • Barratt, R., Wyer, M., Hor, S. Y., & Gilbert, G. L. (2020). Medical interns’ reflections on their training in use of personal protective equipment. BMC Medical Education, 20, 1-9.
  • Batra, T. K., Tilak, M. R., Pai, E., Verma, N., Gupta, V. K., Yadav, G., Dubey, R. K., Franci, N. J., & Pandey, M. (2021). Increased tracheostomy rates in head and neck cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 50(8), 989-993.
  • Bharatendu, C., Ong, J. J. Y., Goh, Y., Tan, B. Y. Q., Chan, A. C. Y., Tang, J. Z. Y., Leow, A. S., Chin, A., Sooi, K. W. X., Tan, Y. L., Hong, C. S., Chin, B. Z., Ng, E., Foong, T. W., Teoh, H. L., Ong, S. T., Lee, P., Khoo, D., Tsivgoulis, G., Alexandrov, A. V., & Sharma V. K. (2020). Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) restores the N95 face mask induced cerebral hemodynamic alterations among healthcare workers during COVID-19 Outbreak. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 417, 117078.
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  • Elbay, R. Y., Kurtulmuş, A., Arpacıoğlu, S., & Karadere, E. (2020). Depression, Anxiety, Stress Levels of Physicians and Associated Factors In Covid-19 Pandemics. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113130.
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  • Fiori, G., Trovato, C., Staiano, T., Magarotto, A., Stigliano, V., Masci, E., Ciuffi, M., Rossi, G. B., Fantin, A., Realdon, S., Ugenti, I., & Cannizzaro, R. (2020). Reorganization of the endoscopic activity of Cancer Institutes during phase II of the Covid-19 emergency. Digestive and Liver Disease, 52(11), 1346-1350.
  • Hasan, S. S., Kow, C. S., & Razi Zaidi, S. T. (2020). Social distancing and the use of PPE by community pharmacy personnel: Does evidence support these measures?. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(2), 456-459.
  • Herzik, K. A., & Bethishou, L. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy transitions of care services. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 17(1), 1908-1912.
  • Hirschmann, M. T., Hart, A., Henckel, J., Sadoghi, P., Seil, R., & Mouton, C. (2020). COVID-19 coronavirus: recommended personal protective equipment for the orthopaedic and trauma surgeon. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 28, 1690–1698.
  • Hoti, K., Jakupi, A., Hetemi, D., Raka, D., Hughes, J., & Desselle, S. (2020). Provision of community pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross sectional study of community pharmacists’ experiences with preventative measures and sources of information. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 42, 1197–1206.
  • Iheduru‐Anderson, K. (2021). Reflections on the lived experience of working with limited personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 crisis. Nursing Inquiry, 28(1), e12382.
  • Kara, E., Demirkan, K., & Ünal, S. (2020). Knowledge and attitudes among hospital pharmacists about COVID-19. Turkish Journal Pharmaceutical Science, 17(3), 242–248.
  • Khojah, H. M. (2020). Community pharmacy services and preparedness during COVID-19 outbreak in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(11), 1402-1407.
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  • Lawton, G. (2020, December 26). We can't be certain the coronavirus vaccines will stop the pandemic. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24833093-100-we-cant-be-certain-the-coronavirus-vaccines-will-stop-the-pandemic/.
  • Lee, H. C., & Goh, C. L. (2021). Occupational dermatoses from personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the tropics–A Review. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 35(3), 589-596.
  • Lim, R. H., Shalhoub, R., & Sridharan, B. K. (2021). The experiences of the community pharmacy team in supporting people with dementia and family carers with medication management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(1), 1825-1831.
  • Lin, P., Zhu, S., Huang, Y., Li, L., Tao, J., Lei, T., Song, J., Liu, D., Chen, L., Shi, Y., Jiang, S., Liu, Q., Xie, J., Chen, H., Duan, Y., Xia, Y., Zhou, Y., Mei, Y., Zhou, X., Wu, J., Fang, M., Meng, Z. & Li., H. (2020). Adverse skin reactions among healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: A survey in Wuhan and its surrounding regions. British Journal of Dermatology, 183(1), 190-192.
  • Liu, Q., Luo, D., Haase, J. E., Guo, Q., Wang, X. Q., Liu, S., Xia, L., Liu, Z., Yang, J., & Yang, B. X. (2020). The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study. The Lancet Global Health. 8(6), e790-e798.
  • Mandavilli, A. (2020, December 26). Here’s why vaccinated people still need to wear a mask. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/08/health/covid-vaccine-mask.html.
  • Mandrola, J. (2020). CoViD-19 and PPE: Some of us will die because of the shortage. Recenti Progressi in Medicina, 111(4), 183.
  • Nyashanu, M., Pfende, F., & Ekpenyong, M. (2020). Exploring the challenges faced by frontline workers in health and social care amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences of frontline workers in the English Midlands region, UK. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 34(5), 655-661.
  • Paudyal, V., Cadogan, C., Fialová, D., Henman, M. C., Hazen, A., Okuyan, B., Lutters, M., (2021). Stewart, D. Provision of clinical pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences of pharmacists from 16 European countries. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(8), 1507-1517.
  • Pei, S., Xue, Y., Zhao, S., Alexander, N., Mohamad, G., Chen, X., & Yin, M. (2020). Occupational skin conditions on the frontline: A survey among 484 Chinese healthcare professionals caring for Covid‐19 patients. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 34(8), e354-e357.
  • Perveen, S., Orfali, R., Azam, M. S., Aati, H.Y., Bukhari, K., Bukhari, S.I., & Al-Taweel, A. (2020). Coronavirus nCOVID-19: A pandemic disease and the Saudi precautions. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 28(7), 888-897.
  • Republic of Turkey Ankara Governorship, (2020, December 26). Decision of the Ankara governorship provincial general hygiene board dated 08.09.2020 and numbered 2020/71. http://www.ankara.gov.tr/ankara-valiligi-il-umumi-hifzissihha-kurulunun-08092020-tarih-ve-202071-sayili-karari.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, (2020a, December 26). About measures regarding pharmacies. https://www.teb.org.tr/news/8706/Eczanelere-%C4%B0lis%EF%BF%BDkin-Tedbirler-Hakk%C4%B1nda.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, (2020b, December 26). Health institutions study guide and infection control measures guide. https://covid19.teb.org.tr/news/9103/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k_Kurumlar%C4%B1nda_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma_Rehberi_ve_Enfeksiyon_Kontrol_%C3%96nlemleri_Rehberi_G%C3%BCncellendi.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, (2020c, December 26). COVID-19 information page. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66170/videolar.htm.
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  • Rodriguez, R. M., Medak, A. J., Baumann, B. M., Lim, S., Chinnock, B., Frazier, R., & Cooper, R. J. (2020). Academic emergency medicine physicians' anxiety levels, stressors, and potential stress mitigation measures during the acceleration phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Academic Emergency Medicine, 27(8), 700-707.
  • Saeed, A., Nousherwani, M. D., Waseem, T., Zafar, Z., Mehmood, Z., & Usman, J. (2020). Impact of Personal Protective Equipment on Surgeon’s Performance during COVID-19 crisis: Qualitative exploration of challenges and solutions. Archives of Surgical Research, 1(3), 20-27.
  • Sahoo, S., Mehra, A., Jagota, G., Suman, A., Kumari, S., Dhibar, D. P., Sharma, N., Kumari, S., & Grover S. (2020). Knowledge overload versus actual practices: Knowledge and awareness about COVID-19 infection among patients attending the emergency services of a tertiary care hospital during the COVID “lockdown” period. Journal of Mental Health and Human Behaviour, 25(1), 14-20.
  • Shanshal, M., Ahmed, H. S., Asfoor, H., Salih, R. I., Ali, S. A., & Aldabouni, Y. K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on medical practice: A nationwide survey of dermatologists and health care providers in Iraq. Clinics in dermatology, 39(3), 500-509.
  • Shaukat, N., Ali, D. M., & Razzak, J. (2020). Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: A scoping review. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13, 1-8.
  • Silva, A. L. P., Prata, J.C., Walker, T. R., Campos, D., Duarte, A. C., Soares, A. M. V. M., Barcelò, D., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2020). Rethinking and optimising plastic waste management under COVID-19 pandemic: Policy solutions based on redesign and reduction of single-use plastics and personal protective equipment. Science of The Total Environment, 742, 140565.
  • Smith, D. L. (2011). Firefighter fitness: Improving performance and preventing injuries and fatalities. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 10(3), 167-172.
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  • Ong, J. J. Y., Bharatendu, C., Goh, Y., Tang, J. Z. Y., Sooi, K. W. X., Tan, Y. L., Tan, B. Y. Q., Teoh, H. L., Ong, S. T., Allen, D. A., & Sharma, V. K. (2020). Headaches associated with personal protective equipment–A cross‐sectional study among frontline healthcare workers during COVID‐19. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 60(5), 864-877.
  • Umazume, T., Miyagi, E., Haruyama, Y., Kobashi, G., Saito, S., Hayakawa, S., Kawana, K., Ikenoue, S., Morioka, I., & Yamada, H. (2020). Survey on the use of personal protective equipment and COVID‐19 testing of pregnant women in Japan. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 46(10), 1933-1939.
  • World Health Organization. (2020a, December 22). Community pharmacists are key players in COVID-19 response and must stay up-to-date on guidance. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/5/community-pharmacists-are-key-players-in-covid-19-response-and-must-stay-up-to-date-on-guidance.
  • World Health Organization. (2020b, December 22). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Vaccines. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-vaccines?adgroupsurvey={adgroupsurvey}&gclid=Cj0KCQiAuJb_BRDJARIsAKkycUkuGHvlu0uy51e57Z3RYPYN9NVnDODPx0Iz8hDrGLSywoEiVdp6SGsaAthGEALw_wcB.
  • World Health Organization. (2020c, December 23). Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331693/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.3-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
  • World Health Organization. (2020d, December 22). COVID-19 technical specifications for personal protective equipment, list of standards and checklists. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/technical-specs-PPE-Covid19-07082020.
  • World Health Organization. (2020e, December 24). Rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331498/WHO-2019-nCoV-IPCPPE_use-2020.2-eng.pdf.
  • Xiao, Y., & Torok, M. E. (2020). Taking the right measures to control COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 523-524.
  • Yánez Benítez, C., Güemes, A., Aranda, J., Ribeiro, M., Ottolino, P., Di Saverio, S., Alexandrino, H., Ponchietti, L., Blas, J. L., International Cooperation Group on PPE and Emergency Surgey, ramos, J. P., Rangelova, E., Munoz, M., & Yánez, C. (2020). Impact of personal protective equipment on surgical performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Journal of Surgery, 44, 2842–2847.
  • Yıldız, A., Karadağ, A., Yıldız, A., & Çakar, V. (2021). Determination of the effect of prophylactic dressing on the prevention of skin injuries associated with personal protective equipments in health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Tissue Viability. 30(1), 21-27.
  • Zaidi, S. T. R., & Hasan, S. S. (2021). Personal protective practices and pharmacy services delivery by community pharmacists during COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a national survey. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(1), 1832-1837.
  • Zhang, X., Lan, Y., & Shen, J. (2020). Physical and psychological protection for medical staff during COVID-19. Journal of Emergency Management and Disaster Communications, 1(1), 49-58.
  • Zheng, R., Zhou, Y., Qiu, M., Yan, Y., Yue, J., Yu, L., Lei, X., Tu, D., & Hu, Y. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among Hubei pediatric nurses during COVID-19 pandemic. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 104, 152217.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Simge Samancı 0000-0002-1284-381X

Gamze Tarcan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5710-9547

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Samancı, S., & Tarcan, G. (2021). THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 24(4), 867-884.
AMA Samancı S, Tarcan G. THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. HSİD. Aralık 2021;24(4):867-884.
Chicago Samancı, Simge, ve Gamze Tarcan. “THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 24, sy. 4 (Aralık 2021): 867-84.
EndNote Samancı S, Tarcan G (01 Aralık 2021) THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 24 4 867–884.
IEEE S. Samancı ve G. Tarcan, “THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”, HSİD, c. 24, sy. 4, ss. 867–884, 2021.
ISNAD Samancı, Simge - Tarcan, Gamze. “THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 24/4 (Aralık 2021), 867-884.
JAMA Samancı S, Tarcan G. THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. HSİD. 2021;24:867–884.
MLA Samancı, Simge ve Gamze Tarcan. “THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 4, 2021, ss. 867-84.
Vancouver Samancı S, Tarcan G. THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PHARMACY EMPLOYEES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. HSİD. 2021;24(4):867-84.
 Kapak Resmi İndir