SPİRİTÜEL LİDERLİĞİN ONTOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞA ETKİSİNDE İŞİN ANLAMLILIĞININ ARACILIK ROLÜ: SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 31 - 50, 26.03.2025

Senem Altan , Ahmet Tuncay Erdem

https://doi.org/10.61859/hacettepesid.1555317

Öz

Küreselleşme, rekabetçi yaklaşımlar ve teknolojik değişimler örgütleri, çalışanlar için şartların değiştiği, belirsizliklerin hüküm sürdüğü ve maneviyattan kopuk bir iş yaşantısını beraberinde getirdiği bir ortam haline getirmiştir. 21. yüzyılın işletmelerinin değişen çalışma koşulları, en değerli unsur olan insan kaynağının iş yaşantısında maneviyat arayışına ve bu bireylerin yaptıkları işin anlamına yönelik sorgulamaya girmelerine sebep olmaktadır. İşyeri ruhsallığı ve pozitif psikoloji etkisiyle literatüre giren spiritüel liderlik kavramı, çalışanların anlam arayışını etkileyebilecek liderlik yaklaşımlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Modern çalışma hayatının çalışanların üzerinde oluşturduğu baskı ile motivasyonlarını düşürmesi ve yaptıkları işin anlamına yönelik arayışları onların ontolojik iyi oluşunu etkileyerek sağlıksız ve verimsiz işletmelerin doğmasına sebep olacaktır. Manevi değerleri barındıran spiritüel liderlik yaklaşımının modern iş yaşantısında, işgörenin ontolojik iyi oluşuna yönelik beklentilerini ve işin anlamına yönelik arayışlarını karşılayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu kapsamda, araştırmanın temel amacı; işletmelerde spiritüel liderliğin, işgörenin ontolojik iyi oluşuna etkisinde işin anlamının aracı rolü olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada, İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren bir hastanenin sağlık çalışanlarından (n=392) veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmada genel tarama modeli rehberliğinde ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ile desenlenen nicel araştırma yöntemi uygulananarak elde edilen veri SPSS 25 ve AMOS 24 programlarıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda spiritüel liderliğin, işgörenin ontolojik iyi oluşuna etkisinde işin anlamlılığının aracı rolü belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spiritüelite, Spritüel Liderlik, Ontolojik İyi Oluş, İşin Anlamı

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF MEANINGFULNESS OF WORK IN THE EFFECT OF SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP ON ONTOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: A RESEARCH IN THE HEALTH SECTOR

Öz

Globalization, competitive approaches, and technological changes have transformed organizations into an environment where conditions for employees change, uncertainties prevail and a work-life is disconnected from spirituality. The changing working conditions of 21st-century businesses cause the most valuable element, human resources, to seek spirituality in their work life and these individuals to question the meaning of their work. The concept of spiritual leadership, which has entered the literature with the effect of workplace spirituality and positive psychology, reveals leadership approaches that can affect employees' search for meaning. The pressure that modern working life creates on employees, their motivation decreases, and their search for the meaning of their work will affect their ontological well-being and lead to the emergence of unhealthy and inefficient businesses. The spiritual leadership approach, which includes spiritual values, is thought to meet employees' expectations regarding their ontological well-being and their search for the meaning of work in modern business life. In this context, the main purpose of the research is to determine whether the meaning of work has a mediating role in the effect of spiritual leadership on the ontological well-being of employees in businesses. In the study, data were collected from healthcare workers (n=392) in a hospital operating in Istanbul. The data obtained by applying the quantitative research method patterned with the relational screening method under the guidance of the general screening model were analyzed with SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 programs. As a result of the research, the mediating role of the job's meaningfulness in the effect of spiritual leadership on the ontological well-being of the employee was determined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spirituality, Spiritual Leadership, Ontological Well-Being, Meaning of Work

Kaynakça

• Arthachinda, P., & Charoensukmongkol, P. (2024). Effect of spiritual leadership on psychological safety climate and team innovation in consulting teams: the moderating role of occupational self-efficacy. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 73(10), 3231-3251.
• Akcan, G., Erol, E., & Kose, O. B. (2023). The mediating role of ontological well-being in the relationship between psychological resilience, psychological well-being, and depression in refugee women. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 7(4), 100345.
• Akıncı, T., & Ekşi, H. (2017). Lise öğretmenlerinin yönetici ruhsal liderlik algılarının öğretmen liderliği ve öz-yetkinliklerine etkisi. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 15(34), 7-40.
• Allan, B. A., Duffy, R. D., & Collisson, B. (2018). Task Significance and Performance: Meaningfulness as a Mediator. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(1), 172-182.
• Alparslan, A. M., Polatçı, S. ve Yastıoğlu S., (2021). Akademisyenlik mesleğinde işin anlam kaynakları-akademik performans ilişkisi üzerine bir araştırma. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi/ Journal of Higher Education and Science, 11(2), 281-289.
• Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The leadership quarterly, 16(3), 315-338.
• Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative science quarterly, 421-458.
• Baş, T. (2013). Anket: anket nasıl hazırlanır?: anket nasıl uygulanır?: anket nasıl uygulanır? (7. Baskı), Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Work, work, work, work. Meanings of Life (pp. 116–144). New York: The Guilford Press. Baykal Narcıkara, E. (2018). Spiritüelite (Ruhsallık) ve İş Ortamında Anlam Arayışı. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 2(1), 11-25.
• Baykal, E. (2021). Spiritüel liderlik davranışının algılanan performans üzerine etkisi. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yönetim ve Organizasyon Anabilim Dalı İşletme Yönetimi Doktora Programı, Doktora Tezi.
• Brief, A. P., & Nord, W. R. (1990). Meanings of occupational work. Lexington: Lexington Books.
• Brunoro, C. M., Bolis, I., Sigahi, T. F., Kawasaki, B. C., & Sznelwar, L. I. (2020). Defining the meaning of “sustainable work” from activity-centered ergonomics and psychodynamics of Work's perspectives. Applied Ergonomics, 89, 103209.
• Bunderson, J. S., & Thompson, J. A. (2009). The call of the wild: Zookeepers, callings, and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work. Administrative science quarterly, 54(1), 32-57.
• Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling: Perspectives on the present and the future. International Journal of Testing, 1(3-4), 327-334.
• Buchanan, K., Dawson, K., Taylor, J., & Bayes, S. (2024). The work of midwives: the socio-institutional theory of the meaning of midwives’ work-life balance. Midwifery, 104240.
• Chamani, S., Safaeizadeh, F., & Xodabande, I. (2023). Investigating the relationship between language teachers’ occupational self-efficacy, satisfaction and meaning at work, and their subjective wellbeing. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1219130.
• Chen, C.-Y., & Yang, C.-F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0953-3
• Coma, J. M. (2007). Spiritual practice: a literature review related to spiritual health and health outcomes. Holistic nursing practice, 21(5), 224-236.
• Csikszentmihalyi, M., Latter, P., & Weinkauff Duranso, C. (2017). Running flow. Human Kinetics.
• Çakın, B., & AlMajdawali, R. (2024). Unsettled Ground, Unsettled Lives: The Ontological (In) securities of Syrian Refugees in the Shadow of Turkey’s 2023 Earthquake. Journal on Migration and Human Security, 23315024241291830.
• Çimen, B., & Karadağ, E. (2019). Spiritual leadership, organizational culture, organizational silence and academic success of the school. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 25(1), 1-50.
• David, I., & Iliescu, D. (2022). The influence of religiosity and meaning making on work outcomes: A path analysis. Current Psychology, 41(9), 6196-6209.
• Diener, E. (1984). Subjective Well-Being. Psychological Bulletin. 95(3), 542-575.
• Dik, B. J., Sargent, A. M., & Steger, M. F. (2008). Career development strivings: Assessing goals and motivation in career decision-making and planning. Journal of Career Development, 35(1), 23–41.
• Duru, H., & Gültekin, F. (2021). COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Bireylerin Psikolojik Sağlamlıkları: Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları ve Ontolojik İyi Oluş. Turkish Studies-Social Sciences, 16(3).
• Ece, S. (2023). İşletmelerde ruhani (spiritüel) liderlik: Kavramsal bir çözümleme. Uluslararası Liderlik Çalışmaları Dergisi: Kuram ve Uygulama, 6(3), 173-186.
• Ergün, U., & Satici, S. A. (2024). Social connectedness to ontological well-being: mediating role of loneliness and death anxiety. Current Psychology, 43(6), 5057-5064.
• Erdem, A. T. (2013). Lojistik yönetimindeki müşteri memnuniyetinin bir kargo şirketi bağlamında incelenmesi (Master's thesis) Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aksaray.
• Erdem, A. T. (2021). The moderator role of generations X and Y in the effect of resource dependency management strategy on corporation entrepreneurship: Ankara OSTIM industry case. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 55-62.
• Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
• Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727.
• Fry, L., Nisiewicz, M., Vitucci, S. & Cedillo, M. (2007). Transforming police organizations through spiritual leadership: Measurement and establishing a baseline. Paper presented at the National Meeting of the Academy of Management, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• Göransson, K., Kang, Y., & Kim, Y. (2022). Navigating conflicting desires: parenting practices and the meaning of educational work in urban East Asia. Ethnography and Education, 17(2), 160-178.
• Gunawan, I., & Adha, M. A. (2021). The effect of instructional, transformational and spiritual leadership on elementary school teachers’ performance and students’ achievements. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(1), 17-31.
• Güler, M., Köksal, O., & Çetin, F. (2020). Ototelik kişilik, öz-yeterliliğin bireysel performans üzerindeki etkisinde fark yaratır mı? İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 35(2). 271-283.
• Gümüşsoy, Y. (2020). Ruhsal liderliğin hizmet inovasyon davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde takım uyumu ve bilgi paylaşımının aracılık rolü üzerine bir araştırma. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Ana Bilim Dalı.
• Gündüz, Ş. (2014). Ruhsal liderlik ile örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişki: Duygusal zekânın aracı etkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü,(Basılmamış Doktora Tezi), İstanbul.
• Gyrard, A., Mohammadi, S., Gaur, M., & Kung, A. (2024). IoT-Based Preventive Mental Health Using Knowledge Graphs and Standards for Better Well-Being. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.13791.
• Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational behavior and human performance, 16(2), 250-279.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
• Hair Jr, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. In Multivariate data analysis (pp. 785-785)..
• Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Matthews, L. M. ve Ringle, C. M. (2016). Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS: Part I-method. European Business Review, 28(1), 63-76.
• Herr, E. L. ve Cramer, S. H. (1988). Career guidance and counseling through the life span: Systematic approaches: Scott, Foresman & Co.
• Hunsaker, W. D. (2022). Spiritual leadership and employee innovation. Current Psychology, 41(8), 5048-5057.
• Kaba, İ. (2020). Ontolojik İyi-Oluş (Yaşam Projesi). Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12(1): 143-154.
• Khaddam, A. A., Alzghoul, A., Khawaldeh, K., & Alnajdawi, A. M. (2023). How spiritual leadership influences creative behaviors: The mediating role of workplace climate. International Journal of Professional Business Review: Int. J. Prof. Bus. Rev., 8(2), 7.
• Kline, P. (2014). An easy guide to factor analysis: Routledge.
• Kocayörük, E., Altıntaş, E., Şimşek, Ö. F., Bozanoğlu, İ., & Çelik, B. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin zaman perspektifli iyi-oluş düzeyleri: kümeleme analizi incelemesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(3), 550-564.
• Koole, T. (2024). Meaning as referential work: Reflections on the research object of Interactional Semantics. Interactional Linguistics.
• Kortetmäki, T., Puurtinen, M., Salo, M., Cortés-Capano, G., Karkulehto, S., & Kotiaho, J. S. (2024). Planetary well-being. Jyväskylä, Finland, covering topics from macroecology to conservation biology and restoration ecology., 26.
• Li, W., Abdalla, A. A., Mohammad, T., Khassawneh, O., & Parveen, M. (2023). Towards examining the link between green hrm practices and employee green in-role behavior: spiritual leadership as a moderator. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 383-396.
• Lips-Wiersma, M., & Morris, L. (2009). ‘Meaningful work’ and the ‘management of meaning.’ Journal of Business Ethics, 88(3), 491-511.
• MacKenzie, S. B. & Podsakoff, P. M. (2012). Common method bias in marketing: Causes, mechanisms, and procedural remedies. Journal of retailing, 88(4), 542-555.
• Marciano, L., Jindal, S., & Viswanath, K. (2024). Digital Detox and Well-Being. Pediatrics, 154(4).
• Marx, K. (2005). Karl Marx 1844 El Yazmaları, (çev: M. Belge), Birikim Yayınları, Ankara.
• McAdams, D. P. (2001). The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 100–122.
• Morelli, S. A., Lee, I. A., Arnn, M. E., & Zaki, J. (2015). Emotional and instrumental support provision interact to predict well-being. Emotion, 15(4), 484–493.
• Morin, E. (2008). Sens Du Travail, Santé mentale et engagement organisationnel, Santé
• Natland, S., Wathne, K., & Hansen, R. (2024). The meaning of social work leadership. A local development process to enhance social services and reduce school dropout. Social Work Education, 1-17.
• Nitzl, C., & Hirsch, B. (2016). The drivers of a superior’s trust formation in his subordinate: The manager–management accountant example. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 12(4), 472-503.
• Nord,W. R., Brief, A. P., Atieh, J. M., & Doherty, E. M. (1990). Studying meanings of work: The case of work values. In A. P. Brief &W. R. Nord (Eds.), Meanings of occupational work (pp. 21–64). Lexington: Lexington Books.
• Özkan, C. (2017). İşin anlamlılığının iş performansı ve sapma davranışına etkisi: Mersin ilinde yapılan bir araştırma, (Doktora Tezi), Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı.
• Pambudi, D. I., Suyatno, S., Wantini, W., Patimah, L., Mardati, A., & Nurfirdaus, N. (2024, September). The mediating role of meaning in work in promoting teachers’ technology integration. In Frontiers in Education 9, 1455669. Frontiers Media SA.
• Pandia, M. M., Jufrizen, J., Khair, H., & Tanjung, H. (2023). Organization citizenship behavior: the role of spiritual leadership, self efficacy, locus of control and job satisfaction. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 19(1), 168-187.
• Petrou, P., Hamrick, A. B., & Abdel Hadi, S. (2024). Unraveling the power of leisure crafting for unengaged employees: Implications for creativity and meaning at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45(8), 1170-1188.
• Polat, S., & Tülübaş, T. (2013). Üniversite hazırlık sınıfı öğrencilerine göre öğretim elemanlarının ruhsal liderlik davranışlarını gösterme düzeyleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 38(170).
• Roberson, L. (1990). Functions of work meanings in organizations: Work meanings and work motivation. In A. P. Brief & W. R. Nord (Eds.), Meanings of occupational work (pp. 107–134). Lexington: Lexington Books.
• Ros, M., Schwartz, S. H., & Surkiss, S. (1999). Basic individual values, work values, and the meaning of work. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48(1), 49–71.
• Rosso, B. D., Dekas, K. H., Wrzesniewski, A. (2010). On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review. Research in Organizational Behavior, 30, 91–127.
• Sarıçam, H., & Yaman, E. (2015). Psikoşiddetin iş anlamına etkisi. Anadolu Eğitim Liderliği ve Öğretim Dergisi, 3(2), 16-26.
• Smith, S. R. (2023). The Ontology of Well-Being in Social Policy and Welfare Practice. Springer.
• Smith, R. (2021). The Meaning of ‘Free’Work: Service as a Gift, and Labor as a Commodity for Ni-Vanuatu Labor Migrants. Work, society and the ethical self: Chimeras of freedom in the neoliberal era, 27-48.
• Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Ass
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellerinin Uyumunun Değerlendirilmesi: Önem Testleri ve Tanımlayıcı Uyum İyiliği Ölçüleri. Çevrimiçi Psikolojik Araştırma Yöntemleri, 8(2), 23-74.
• Shevchenko, H. P., Antonenko, T. L., & Safonova, I. O. (2020). Positive Personality Education: An Ontological Aspect. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 9(1), 133-144.
• Shmotkin, D. (2005). Happiness in the Face of Adversity: Reformulating the Dynamic and Modular Bases of Subjective Well-Being. Review of General Psychology, 9(4), 291–325.
• Sigler, T. H., & Pearson, C. M. (2000). Creating An Empowering Culture: Examining The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Perceptions of Empowerment. Journal of Quality Management, 5(1), 27-52.
• Staudinger, U. M. (2001). Life Reflection: A Social–Cognitive Analysis of Life Review. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 148–160.
• Steger, M. F., Dik, B. J., & Duffy, R.D. (2012). Measuring meaningful work: The work and meaning inventory (WAMI). Journal of Career Assessment, 20(3), 322-337.
• Subhaktiyasa, P. G., Andriana, K. R. F., Sintari, S. N. N., Wati, W. S., Sumaryani, N. P., & Lede, Y. U. (2023). The effect of transformational leadership, servant leadership, and spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 19(1), 224-238.
• Şimşek, Ö. F. & Kocayörük, E. (2013). Affective reactions to one’s whole life: Preliminary development and validation of the ontological well-being scale. Journal of Happiness studies, 14, 309-343.
• Şimşek, Ö. F. (2009). Happiness revisited: Ontological well-being as a theory-based construct of subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 505-522.
• Tutar, H. & Erdem, A. T. (2022). Örnekleriyle bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve SPSS uygulamaları. Seçkin Yayıncılık, 1.
• Uzunbacak, H. H., & Akçakanat, T. (2018). İşin anlamı, zindelik, mutluluk ve iş tatmini ilişkileri üzerine görgül bir araştırma. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(68), 1691-1702.
• Vedula, S. B., & Agrawal, R. K. (2024). Mapping spiritual leadership: a bibliometric analysis and synthesis of past milestones and future research agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 189(2), 301-328.
• Wrzesnıewski, A., & Dutton, J. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179–201.
• Wrzesniewski, A., Dutton, J. E., & Debebe, G. (2003). Interpersonal sensemaking and the meaning of work. In Kramer, R. M., & Staw, B. M. Eds. Research in Organizational Behavior. Vol. 25 (pp.93–135).
• Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work. Journal of research in personality, 31(1), 21-33.
• Yıldız, M. S., Börklü Doğan, Ö., & Dayan, A. (2022). Tıp uzmanlık öğrencilerinde ruhsal liderlik ve tükenmişlik sendromu ilişkisi. Türk Aile Hekimliği Dergisi, 26(2), 29-36.
• Yusof, J. M. & Mohamad, M. (2014). The Influence of Spiritual Leadership on Spiritual Well-Being and Job Satisfaction: A Conceptual Framework. International Review of Management and Business Research, 3(4), 1948-1957.
• Yücel, E., & Dincer, D. (2024). Transformative power of friendships: Examining the relationships among friendship quality, self‐change, and well‐being. Personal Relationships, 31(2), 301-332.
• Zeyen, A., & Branzei, O. (2023). Disabled at work: Body-centric cycles of meaning-making. Journal of Business Ethics, 185(4), 767-810.
• Zou, W., Zeng, Y., Peng, Q., Xin, Y., Chen, J., & Houghton, J. D. (2020). The influence of spiritual leadership on the subjective well‐being of Chinese registered nurses. Journal of nursing management, 28(6), 1432-1442.