The Transformation of the Paradigmatic Shift in Public Administration Through Post-New Public Management Reforms

Öz

As is well known, the process of paradigmatic change in public administration involves significant changes in elements such as the state's governance structure, the delivery of public services and the relationship between the state and citizens. It represents a transition from the traditional management approach to a more modern, dynamic and efficient management model. Paradigmatic change not only involves changes in methods or tools but also anticipates a shift in the underlying assumptions, values, and perspectives. Essentially, a paradigm is the fundamental way of thinking and understanding in a particular field. Based on this definition, paradigmatic change in public administration results in the old management approach being replaced by a new management approach. The transformation of this change through the Post-New Public Management reforms more specifically refers to the complementary restructuring of processes and structural changes in the public sector. It anticipates a renewal process that encompasses both organizational structures and practices. This new process is generally restructured through the logic of transformation, driven by factors such as technology, globalization, democratization, accountability and transparency. Emerging as a result of social, technological, and economic developments, this process aims to make public services more effective, efficient and citizen-focused. However, for this transformation to succeed, institutional structures, human resources and management culture must also adapt to this change. Based on these core theses, this study will explore how the change process, which began with the New Public Management approach in public administration, has transformed in recent years through Post-New Public Management reforms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Paradigm
• Change
• Transformation
• New Public Management
• Post-New Public Management.

KAMU YÖNETİMİNİN PARADİGMATİK DEĞİŞİMİNİN POST YENİ KAMU YÖNETİMİ REFORMLARIYLA DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Öz

Bilindiği gibi kamu yönetiminde paradigmatik değişim süreci; devletin yönetim biçimi, kamu hizmetlerinin sunumu ve devlet ile vatandaş arasındaki ilişki gibi unsurlarda önemli değişiklikleri içerir. Geleneksel yönetim anlayışından modern, dinamik ve daha etkili bir yönetim modeline geçişi temsil eder. Paradigmatik değişim, sadece yöntemlerin veya araçların değişmesi değil, aynı zamanda temel varsayımların, değerlerin ve bakış açılarının da değişimini öngörür. Esasında paradigma, bir alandaki temel düşünme ve anlayış biçimidir. Bu tanımdan hareket edildiğinde kamu yönetimindeki paradigmatik değişimin, eski yönetim anlayışının yerini yeni bir yönetim anlayışına bırakması sonucuna ulaşılır. Bu değişimin Post Yeni Kamu Yönetimi reformlarıyla dönüşümü ise daha çok süreçlerin ve yapısal değişikliklerin kamu sektöründe tamamlayıcı bir şekilde gerçekleşmesini belirtir. Hem organizasyonel yapıları hem de uygulamaları kapsayan bir yenilenme sürecini öngörür. Genellikle teknoloji, küreselleşme, demokratikleşme, hesap verebilirlik ve şeffaflık gibi faktörlerle bu yeni süreç dönüşüm mantığıyla yeniden yapılandırılır. Toplumsal, teknolojik ve ekonomik gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan bu süreç; kamu hizmetlerinin daha etkili, verimli ve vatandaş odaklı hale gelmesini amaçlar. Ancak, bu dönüşümün başarılı olabilmesi için kurumsal yapıların, insan kaynaklarının ve yönetim kültürünün de bu dönüşüme uyum sağlaması gerekmektedir. Bu temel tezlerden hareket edilerek hazırlanan çalışmada, kamu yönetiminde Yeni Kamu Yönetimi düşüncesi ile başlayan değişim sürecinin son yıllarda Post Yeni Kamu Yönetimi reformları ile nasıl dönüştüğü sorgulanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Paradigma
• Değişim
• Dönüşüm
• Yeni Kamu Yönetimi
• Post Yeni Kamu Yönetimi.

Kaynakça

1. Barzelay, Michael (2002). Origins of the new public manage-ment: An international view from public administra-tion/political science. (pp. 15-33). New Public Management Current Trends and Future Prospects. Edited by Kate McLaughlin, Stephen P. Osborne and Ewan Ferlieby, Rout-ledge: New York, USA.
2. Blomgren, Maria & Sahlin, Kerstin (2007). Quests for transpa-rency: Signs of a new institutional era in the health care fi-eld. Transcending New Public Management, The Transfor-mation of Public Sector Reforms, Edited by Tom Christen-sen-Per Lægreid (pp. 155-178). Ashgate Publishing Limi-ted, England.
3. Cavalcante, Pedro Luiz (2019). Trends in public administration after hegemony of the new public management: A litera-ture review. Rev. Serv. Público Brasília 70 (2) 195-218 abr/jun 2019, 195-217.
4. Christensen, T. & Lægreid, P. (2011). Complexity and hybrid public administration—theoretical and empirical challen-ges. Public Organization Review, 11, 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-010-0141-4.
5. Christensen, T., & Lægreid. P. (2022). Taking stock: New public management (NPM) and Post-NPM Reforms – trends and challenges. In Handbook on the Politics of Public Administra-tion. Public Management – a New Paradigm, edited by A. Ladner, F. Sager, and A. Bastiansen (pp. 38–49), Chelten-ham Glos: Edward Elgar, GL50 2JA UK.
6. Christensen, Tom (2012). Post-NPM and changing public gover-nance. Meiji Journal of Political Science and Economics, 1, 1-11.
7. Çolak, Ç. D. (2019). Why the new public management is obsolete: An analysis in the context of the Post-New public mana-gement trends. Administrative Theory – Upravna Teorıja HKJU-CCPA, 19(4), 517–536.
8. Denhardt, Robert Bob & Denhardt, Janet Vinzant (2000). The new public service: Serving rather than steering. Public Administration Review, 60 (6), 549-559.

9. Doern G. Bruce & Kernaghan, Kenneth (2012). New political go-vernance and new public management: Reflections on the Aucoin Legacy. From New Public Management to New Poli-tical Governance Essays in Honour of Peter C. Aucoin. Edited by Herman Bakvis and Mark D. Jarvis (pp. 380-390), Ca-nada: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
10. Dunleavy, Patrick & Margetts, H.& Bastow, S. & Tinkler, J. (2006). New public management is dead—Long live digital-era go-vernance, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory – JPART, July 16, 467–494.
11. Flynn, Norman (2002). Explaining the new public management: The importance of context. New Public Management Cur-rent Trends and Future Prospects. Edited by Kate McLaugh-lin, Stephen P. Osborne and Ewan Ferlieby (pp. 57-77). Routledge: New York, USA.
12. Gregory, Robert (2007). New public management and the ghost of Max Weber: Exorcized or still haunting? Transcending New Public Management, The Transformation of Public Sec-tor Reforms, Edited by Tom Christensen-Per Lægreid (pp. 221-243). Ashgate Publishing Limited, England.
13. Greve, Carsten & Hodge, Graeme (2007). Public–private part-nerships: A comparative perspective on Victoria and Den-mark. Transcending New Public Management, The Trans-formation of Public Sector Reforms, Edited by Tom Chris-tensen-Per Lægreid (pp. 179-202). Ashgate Publishing Limited, England.
14. Gupta, Anil Kumar & Lamsal, Bishnu Prasad (2023). From tradi-tional to innovative public service: A review of paradigm shifts. Public Administration Issues. 2023. N 6 (Electronic edition), 137-156.
15. Hood, Christopher (1991). A public management for all seasons? Public Administration, 69, 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.
16. Lindquist, Evert & Rasmussen, Ken (2012). Ministers and new political governance: From neutral competence to pro-miscuous partisans to a new balance? From New Public Management to New Political Governance Essays in Honour of Peter C. Aucoin. Edited by Herman Bakvis and Mark D. Jarvis (pp. 179-203), Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
17. MacCarthaigh, M., & Hardiman, N. (2019). Exploiting conditiona-lity: EU and international actors and Post-NPM reform in Ireland. Public Policy and Administration, 35(2), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076718796548.
18. Mclaughlin, Kate & Osborne, Stephen P. (2002). Current trends and future prospects of public management: A guide. New Public Management Current Trends and Future Prospects. Edited by Kate McLaughlin, Stephen P. Osborne and Ewan Ferlieby (pp.1-4). Routledge: New York, USA.
19. Moore, Mark H. (1995). Creating public value: Strategic manage-ment in government. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
20. Osborne, D. & Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing government. How the entrepreneurial spirit is transforming the public sector. Penguin Books USA Inc., New York.
21. Peters, Guy B. (2010). Still the century of bureaucracy? The roles of public servants. Public Management in the Postmodern Era, Challenges and Prospects. Edited by John Fenwick, Ja-nice McMillan (pp. 145-162), UK: Edward Elgar Pub.
22. Pollitt, Christopher & Bouckaert, Geert (2011). Public manage-ment reform: A comparative analysis—New Public Mana-gement, Governance and the Neo-Weberian State. Third Edition, United States: Oxford University Press.
23. Pollitt, Christopher (2002). The new public management in in-ternational perspective: An analysis of impacts and effects. New Public Management Current Trends and Future Pros-pects, Edited by Kate McLaughlin, Stephen P. Osborne and Ewan Ferlieby (pp. 274-292). Routledge: New York, USA.
24. Rajca, Lucyna (2010). The concept of new public management and local government reforms in selected western Euro-pean countries. Regional and Local Studies, Special issue 2010, ISSN 1509–4995, 124-139.
25. Reinholde, Iveta & Guogis, A. & Smalskys, V. & Žičkienė, S. & Kli-movsky, D. (2020). Considering New Public Governance Possibilities in Central and Eastern Europe, TILTAI, 2, 1–15 ISSN 1392-3137, 1-15.
26. Skogstad, Grace & Wallner, Jennifer (2012). Transnational ideas, federalism and public accountability: Food safety and mandatory education policies in Canada. From New Public Management to New Political Governance Essays in Honour of Peter C. Aucoin. Edited by Herman Bakvis and Mark D. Jarvis (pp. 242-270), Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
27. Terlizzi, Andrea & Esposito, Giovanni (2021). New public mana-gement reform ideas and the remaking of the Italian and Danish health systems. Territory, Politics, Governance, (pp. 1-20), DOI: 10.1080/21622671.2021.1930129.
28. Terrance, M. T. & Uwizeyimana, D. E. (2023). New public mana-gement and Post-New public management paradigms: De-construction and reconfiguration of the south African. Pub-lic Administration Research in Business & Social Science, IJRBS, Vol.12, No.8, 327-334.