Avrupa Birliği’nde Engelli Bireylerin İstihdamına Yönelik Pozitif Uygulamalar

Öz

Engelli bireyler; genel olarak eğitim-öğretim, istihdam, sosyal koruma, barınma ve sağlık alanlarında büyük ölçüde engellerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. Bu engelleri bertaraf etmek üzere devletler telafi tedbirleri almakta ve tüm insanlığa eşit fırsatlar sağlamak üzere çeşitli stratejiler geliştirmektedirler. Engelli bireylerin haklarının tanınması ve temel haklarını kullanmalarının kolaylaştırılması bağlamında her ne kadar küresel ölçekte ortak bir yaklaşım geliştirilmiş ve bölgesel düzeyde önemli girişimler başlatılmış olsa da sosyal politika uygulamaları ülkeden ülkeye değişmektedir. Bu çeşitlilik içerisinde, sosyal devlet vasfını güçlendirmek isteyen her bir ülkenin emsal alabileceği pozitif uygulamalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; engelli bireylerin istihdam edilmelerine yönelik AB’ye üye devletlerde uygulanmakta olan pozitif uygulamaları ön plana çıkarmak ve diğer devletlere emsal oluşturmalarını sağlamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çalışmada örnek olay yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak, engellilerin çalışma hakkının uluslararası camia tarafından nasıl ele alındığı açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, engellilerin çalışma hakkının Avrupa Birliği düzeyinde kurucu antlaşmalar ve Avrupa Temel Haklar Şartı gibi üst politika belgeleri ile nasıl teminat altına alındığı aktarılmış ve ardından Avrupa Birliği’nin 2021-2030 dönemini kapsayan eşitlik stratejisi ile engelli bireylerin istihdamına ilişkin pozitif uygulamalar sunulmuştur. Son olarak, sosyal devlet vasfını güçlendirmek isteyen ülkeler için politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• Sosyal Devlet
• Engelli Hakları
• İstihdam
• Pozitif Uygulamalar

Positive Practices in the European Union for the Employment of People with Disabilities

Abstract

Individuals with disabilities face obstacles to a great extent in the fields of education, employment, social protection, housing and health care. In order to eliminate these obstacles, all the states take compensatory measures and develop various strategies to provide equal opportunities for all human kind. Although a common approach has been developed on global scale and important initiatives have been launched at regional level in view of recognising the rights of disabled people and facilitating the exercise of their fundamental rights, social policy practices vary from country to country. Within this diversity, there are positive practices, which all the states that aspire for reinforcing their social state status, can take as a precedent. The aim of this study is to foreground the positive practices implemented in the EU member states in view of employment of disabled people and to set a precedent for the other states. To achieve this end, a case study method is used in the study. First of all, the way how the the international community handle the disabled people’s right to work, is examined. After explaining the way, how the disabled people’s right to work is guaranteed at the European Union level with reference to top policy documents such as the founding treaties and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights, the positive practices implemented in the member states are presented. Finally, policy recommendations have been presented for the countries that aim at strengthening thier social state status.

Keywords

• European Union
• Social State
• Disability Rights
• Employment
• Positive Practices

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