Şehir İçi Toplu Taşıma Şoförlerinde Mesleki Stres: İETT Örneği

Öz

Artan kentleşme ve nüfus yoğunluğu, büyük şehirlerde toplu taşıma sistemlerini kentsel yaşamın vazgeçilmez unsurlarından biri haline getirmiştir. Şehir içi ulaşım hizmeti veren şoförler; yolcu güvenliği ve yoğun trafik gibi sorumlulukları üstlenirken yüksek strese maruz kalmaktadır. Bu durum şoför sağlığını bozmakta, iş tatminini düşürmekte ve kaza riskini artırmaktadır. Evrensel bir sorun olan bu konunun, İstanbul gibi devasa bir metropolün dinamikleriyle incelenmesi, bu çalışmanın özgün ve önemli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmaya kaynaklık eden İki Faktörlü Kuram Gözüyle: Şehir İçi Toplu Taşıma Çalı-şanları (İETT Örneği) başlıklı araştırmanın amacı; İETT ve İSFALT bünyesinde görev yapan şoförlerin çalışma koşullarını saptamak, stres faktörlerini analiz etmek ve mesle-ki memnuniyeti artıracak çözümler geliştirmektir. Nicel araştırma tasarımı benimse-nen çalışmada veriler, yapı geçerliliği test edilmiş 5'li Likert tipi ölçekle, yüz yüze gö-rüşme yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Örneklemi, mevcut evreni istatistiksel olarak temsil etme yeterliliğine sahip 1162 sürücü oluşturmaktadır. Analizlerde toplam 28 stres faktörü; çalışma koşulları, iş kazası, mesleki horlanma, sağlık ve özel hayat olmak üzere beş boyutta incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, şoförler üzerindeki en büyük stres kaynağı mesleğin fiziksel doğasından ziyade, işverenin ceza tehdidi ve ka-meralı gözetim gibi yönetimsel baskılarıdır. Yolcuların saygısız tutumlarının yarattığı mesleki itibar kaybı ise öne çıkan diğer psikolojik şiddet unsurudur. Kurumsal aidiyeti zedeleyen bu stres yükünün hafifletilmesi için denetim baskısının acilen azaltılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Şehit İçi Ulaşım
• Şoförlük
• Stres
• İETT
• İstanbul

Occupational Stress Among Urban Public Transport Drivers: The Case of IETT

Abstract

Increasing urbanization and population density make public transportation systems an indispensable element of urban life. Urban transport drivers face high stress levels while undertaking responsibilities like ensuring passenger safety and navigating heavy traffic. This deteriorates drivers' health, reduces job satisfaction, and increases accident risks. Examining this universal issue through the dynamics of a massive metropolis like Is-tanbul makes this study original. The aim of the research titled Through the Lens of Two-Factor Theory: Urban Public Transportation Employees (IETT Case) is to determine the working conditions of drivers employed by IETT and ISFALT, analyze their stress factors, and develop solutions to enhance occupational satisfaction. Adopting a quantita-tive research design, data were collected using a construct-validated Likert-type scale via face-to-face interviews. The sample consists of drivers representing the target popula-tion. In the analyses, stress factors were examined across five dimensions: working conditions, occupational accidents, professional humiliation, health problems, and pri-vate life. According to the findings, the greatest source of stress for drivers is not the physical nature of the profession, but administrative pressures such as the constant threat of punishment and camera surveillance. The loss of professional reputation cau-sed by disrespectful passengers is another prominent psychological violence factor. To alleviate this stress burden, it is urgently recommended to reduce supervision pressu-res.

Keywords

• Urban Transportation
• Drivers
• Stress
• IETT
• Istanbul

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