HOUSING POLICY IN FRANCE: HISTORICAL PROCESS AND CURRENT SITUATION

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 14, 68 - 88, 30.04.2017

Hakan Olgun

Öz

France,
as one of the first industrialized countries in Europe, had faced severe
housing problems in 19th century. From that time to mid 20th century, no
extensive housing policy had been implemented against this problem, which was
tried to be handled as a health issue. But after the damage and destruction of
World War II, the state had started to play a major role in housing sector. In
this context the governments had implemented extensive housing policies through
various policy instruments and had removed the housing problem to some extent. On
the other hand, neoliberal ideas and policies have caused a retrenchment in
terms of the role of the state in housing sector since 1970’s. After the
unintended consequences of this retrenchment process, the state has been back
in housing again through limited intervention since 1990’s. As a consequence,
although the French housing policy is effected by the neoliberal wave, a strong
tradition of social housing still continues its existence.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

France, Housing Policy, Social Housing, Neoliberal

FRANSA'DA KONUT POLİTİKASI: TARİHİ SÜREÇ VE BUGÜNKÜ DURUM

Öz

Avrupa’nın
ilk sanayileşen ülkelerinden biri olan Fransa, henüz 19. yüzyılda şiddetli bir
konut sorunuyla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. O dönemden 20. yüzyılın ortalarına
kadar hıfzıssıhha siyasetinin bir parçası olarak ele alınabilen bu soruna karşı
kapsamlı bir politika uygulanamamıştır. Devletin, konut sektöründe faal bir
aktör olarak rol almaya başlaması, II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasına denk düşer. Bu
dönemden itibaren devlet, muhtelif enstrümanlar aracılığıyla kapsamlı bir konut
politikası uygulamış ve konut sorununu bir ölçüde ortadan kaldırmıştır. Ancak 1970’li
yıllar, neoliberal fikir ve politikaların tesiriyle, devletin konut sektöründen
çekilişine sahne olmuştur. Bu çekilmenin sektörde yarattığı sorunlar, 1990’lı
yıllardan itibaren, sınırlı da olsa devlet müdahalesini geri getirmiştir. Sonuç
olarak Fransız konut politikası neoliberal dalgadan etkilenmekte, ancak güçlü
bir sosyal konut geleneği hâlen varlığını sürdürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fransa, Konut Politikası, Sosyal Konut, Neoliberal

Kaynakça

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