FREE SCHOOL MEALS WITH STRUGGLE WITH CHILDREN'S POVERTY: A RESEARCH IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF TEKİRDAĞ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 18, 360 - 395, 31.08.2018

Davuthan Günaydın

https://doi.org/10.31199/hakisderg.440681

Cited By: 1

Öz

The main purpose
of implementing school meal programs is to support the physical and cognitive
development of poor and socio-economically disadvantaged children, to ensure
social inclusion among peers, to reduce behavioral disorders in the classroom
and to reduce the impact of social problems on children caused by income
inequality. Free lunch is being implemented in many developed and developing
countries. This study aimed to determine the size of Turkey on the needs and
problems to free school meals application in the struggle against child
poverty.In the survey conducted in Tekirdağ / Süleymanpaşa, it was determined
that poor children had many problems affecting their physical and cognitive
development due to malnutrition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Childeren Poverty, School Meals, Childeren, School, Turkey, Basic Education

ÇOCUK YOKSULLUĞU İLE MÜCADELEDE ÜCRETSİZ OKUL YEMEĞİ: TEKİRDAĞ İLKOKULLARINDA BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Okul yemeği programlarının uygulanmasının temel amacı özellikle yoksul
ve sosyo-ekonomik açıdan dezavantajlı çocukların fiziksel ve bilişsel
gelişimini desteklemek, akranları arasında sosyal içermeyi sağlamak, sınıf içerisinde
davranış bozukluklarını gidermek ve gelir eşitsizliğinin neden olduğu toplumsal
sorunların çocuklar üzerindeki etkilerini azalmak olarak değerlendirilmektedir
Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan pek çok ülkede ücretsiz okul yemeği uygulaması
gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de çocuk yoksulluğunu ile
mücadelede ücretsiz okul yemeği uygulamasına duyulan ihtiyacın ve sorunların boyutlarının
belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Tekirdağ/Süleymanpaşa’da gerçekleştirilen
araştırmada yoksul çocukların yetersiz beslenme kaynaklı fiziksel ve bilişsel
gelişimleri etkileyen pek çok sorun yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk Yoksulluğu, Ücretsiz Okul Yemeği, Çocuk, Okul, Temel Öğretim

Kaynakça

• Acham, H., Kikafunda, J. K., Malde, M. K., Oldewage-Theron, W. H., & Egal, A. K. A. (2012). Breakfast, midday meals and academic achievement in rural primary schools in Uganda: Implications for education and school health policy. Food and Nutrition Research. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.11217
• Afridi, F. (2010). Child welfare programs and child nutrition: Evidence from a mandated school meal program in India. Journal of Development Economics, 92(2), 152-165.
• Akgündüz, D., Aydeniz , M., Çakmakçı, G., Çavaş, B., Çorlu, M., Öner, T. vd. (2015). STEM eğitimi Türkiye raporu: Günün modası mı yoksa gereksinim mi? İstanbul: İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi.
• Alderman, H., Gilligan, D. O., ve Lehrer, K. (2016). The Impact of Food for Education Programs on School Participation in.
• Alkire, S., ve Santos , M. E. (2013). Measuring Acute Poverty in the Developing World:Robustness and Scope of the Multidimensional Poverty Index, OPHI Working Paper 89.
• Arel, N., Ozbal, E. O., Gursoy, F., Sultanoğlu, S. Ç., Aydos, S., Tosum, S. vd. (2016). Çocuk gözünden yoksulluk tanımlamaları. Journal of Current Researchs on Health Sector 6(1), 39-50.
• Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. DEUHFED 9 (1), 23-28.
• Belot, M., ve James, J. (2009). Healthy school meals and educational outcomes, Institute for Social and Economic Research 2009-01.
• Beşpınar, F. U., ve Aybars, A. İ. (2013). Erken yaşlarda çocuk refahı ve kadın istihdamı politika belgesi. Ankara: UNICEF.
• British Columbia (tarih yok). School Meal and school nutrition program handbook. https://healthyschoolsbc.ca/program/resources/87/-en/79172/School-Meal-and-School-Nutrition-Program-Handbook.pdf (4.8.2018).
• Buani, C. (2016). Brazil - National School Feeding Programme, A. Lesley Drake Woolnough, C. Burbano, ve D. Bundy, Global School Feeding Sourcebook Lessons from 14 Countries, (içinde), London: Imperial College Press.
• Candaş, A., Akkan, B. E., Günseli, S., ve Deniz, M. B. (2011). Devlet ilköğretim okullarında ücretsiz öğle yemeği sağlamak mümkün mü? farklı ülke modelleri ve Türkiye'ye yönelik öneriler. İstanbul: Açık Toplum Vakfı.
• Chui, M., Manyika, J., ve Miremadi, M. (2017). The Countries Most (and Least) Likely to be Affected by Automation, Harvard Business Review.
• Dayıoğlu, M. (2007). Türkiye'de Çocuk Yoksulluğu Ölçüm Yöntemleri ve Yoksulluğun Belirleyicileri, TİSK Akademi 2007/1.
• Drake, L., Fernandes, M., Aurino, E., Kiamba, ,. J., Giyose, B., Burbano, C., vd. (2018). School Feeding Programs in Middle Childhood and Adolescence, D. A. Bundy, N. d. Silva, D. T. Jamison ve G. C. Patton, Child and Adolescent Health and Development (içinde), Washington: World Bank Group.
• Drake, L., Woolnough, A., Burbano, C., ve Bundy, D. (2016). Flobal School Feeding Sourcebook: Lessons from 14 Countries. London: Imperial College Press.
• Eurostat (2017), http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submit-ViewTableAction.do (14.04.2018).
• FAO (2012). Social Protection for the Poor and Vulnerable: A foundation for Reducing Hunger and Malnutrition .
• FAO (2015). Nutrition and Social Protection. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
• Freeland, N., ve Cherrier, C. (2015). Guidance note: Social protection and nutrition. Australian Goverment, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
• Gelli, A., Meir, U., ve Espejo, F. (2007). Does provision of food in school ıncrease girls’ enrollment? evidence from schools in sub-saharan Afrika. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 28(2), 149-155.
• Global Panel. (2015). Healthy meals in schools: Policy innovations linking agriculture, food systems and nutrition. London: Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Systems for Nutrition.
• Gürses, D. (2009). An analysis of child poverty and social policies in Turkey. Journal of Developing Societies 25(2), 209-227.
• Hoop, J. d., ve Rosati, F. C. (2012). Does promoting school attendance reduce child labour? evidence from Burkina Faso’s BRIGHT Project, Bonn: IZA Discussion Paper No. 6601 .
• Kozak, M. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma: Tasarım, yazım ve yayım teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Kristjansson, E. A., Robinson, V., Petticrew, M., MacDonald, B., Krasevec, J., Janzen, L., … Tugwell, P. (2007). School feeding for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged elementary school children. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004676.pub2
• Luo, R., Shi, Y., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Rozelle, S., Sharbono, B., vd. (2012). Nutrition and educational performance in rural China's elementary schools: Results of a randomized control trial in Shaanxi province. Economics Development and Cultural Change, 60(4), 735-772.
• McMahon, B. (2016 ). Chile — Programa de Alimentacion Escolar (PAE), L. Drake, A. Woolnough, C. Burbano ve D. Bundy, Global School Feeding Sourcebook Lessons from 14 Countries (içinde), London: Imperial College Press.
• Minujin, A., Delamonica, E., Davidziuk, A.,ve Gonzalez , E. D. (2006). The definition of child poverty: A Discussion of concepts and measurements. Environment & Urbanization, 18(2), 481–500.
• Minujin, A., Delamonica, E., Gonzalez, E. D., ve Davidziuk, A. (2005). Children living in poverty: A review of child poverty definitions, measurements, and policies. Children & Poverty: Global Context, Local Solutions. New York: UNICEF.
• Morrow, V., ve Pells K. (2012). Integrating children’s human rights and child poverty debates: Examples from young lives in Ethiopia and India, Socialogy 46, 906-920.
• Müderrisoğlu, S., Semerci, P. U., Çakar, B. Y., Karatay, A., ve Akkan, B. E. (2013). Çocuk refahı belgesi, UNICEF.
• Neuman, W. L. (2006), Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri, Ankara: Yayınodası.
• Newhouse, D., Becerra , P. S., ve Evans , M. C. (2016). New estimates of extreme poverty for children. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 7845.
• OECD (2016). Income inequality update. OECD.
• Pemberton, S., Gordon, D., Nandy, S., Pantazis, C., & Townsend, P. (2007). Child rights and child poverty: Can the international framework of children’s rights be used to improve child survival rates? PLoS Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040307
• Punch, K. F. (2011). Sosyal araştırmalara giriş. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
• Punch, K. F. (2011). Sosyal araştırmalara giriş: Nicel ve nitel yaklaşımlar. (Çev. D. Bayrak, H. B. Arslan, ve Z. Akyüz). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
• Rassas, B., Ariza-Nino, E., ve Peterson, K. (tarih yok). School feeding and educational outcomes in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The QED Group, LLC.
• Ray, R. (2006). Education and child labour: A global perspective, Tasmania: School of economics and finance. Discussion Paper 2006-05 .
• Roelen, K. (2017). Monetary and multidimensional child poverty: A contradiction in terms?. Development and Change, 48(3), 502-533.
• Roelen, K., Gassmann, F., ve Neubourg, C. (2009). False positives or hidden dimensions. What can monetary and multidimensional measurement tell us about child poverty. Maastricht: Maastricht Graduate School of Governance Working Papers 2009/015.
• Semerci, P. U., ve Erdoğan, E. (2014). Türkiye'de çocukların gözünden çocuğun iyi olma hali alanlarının ve göstergelerinin tanımlanması ve değerlendirilmesi. Ankara: UNICEF.
• Sidaner, E., ve McMahon, B. (2016). India — Mid-Day. L. Drake, A. Woolnough, C. Burbano, & D. Bundy, Global school feeding lessons from 14 countries (içinde), London: Imperial College Press.
• Stuijvenberg, M. E., Kvalsving, J. D., Faber, M., Kruger, M., Kenoyer, D. G., ve Benade, S. A. (1999). Effect of ıron, ıodine, and b -carotene–fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(3), 497–503.
• TÜİK (2015). İstatistiklerle çocuk.
• TÜİK (2016). Yoksulluk araştırması.
• TÜİK (2018). İstatistiklerle çocuk 2017.
• UNICEF (2005). Defining child poverty.
• UNICEF (2005a). Dünya çocuklarının durumu 2005: Çocuklar tehtid altında.
• UNICEF (2006). Çocuk yoksulluğu'nun önlenmesi.
• UNICEF (2011). Türkiye'de çocukların durum raporu.
• UNICEF (2016). The State of the World's Children 2016: A Fair Chance for Every Child . New York: UNICEF.
• UNICEF ve World Bank (2016). Ending extreme poverty: A focus on childeren, UBICEF.
• WHO (2006). A tool forthe development of school nutrition programmes in the european region, Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe .
• Wilder Research (2014). Nutrition and students' academic performance, Saint Paul.
• World Bank (2016). World development report 2016. Washington DC.
• World Bank, World Food Programme (2009). Rethinking school feeding: social safety nets, child development, and the education sector, Washington: World Bank.
• World Food Programme (2013). State of school feeding worldwide. Rome: World Food Programme.
• World Food Programme (2016). School meals and education. World Food Programme.
• Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara : Seçkin yayıncılık.