DEVLET DESTEKLİ SOSYAL İNOVASYON POLİTİKASI: ALMANYA ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 31, 277 - 302, 13.12.2022

Ali Seyyar Yunus Köleoğlu Osman Sarı

https://doi.org/10.31199/hakisderg.1120939

Cited By: 1

Öz

Sosyo-ekonomik alanlarda acil toplumsal ihtiyaçlara akıllı projelerle cevap verebilmek ve yeni sosyal sorunlara optimal çözüm stratejileri geliştirmek amacıyla dünya çapında sosyal inovasyon (yenilik) merkezli devlet politikalarının önemi son yıllarda artmıştır. Prensip olarak bütün sosyal inovasyonlar, toplumsal zorlukları aşmak ve yeni sosyal sorunlara tatmin edici çözüm bulmak veya bunların çözümüne katkıda bulunmak amacını gütmektedir. Tatmin edici çözümler, etkilenen herkes için sosyal sorunları kalıcı olarak çözen veya kişilerin durumlarını önemli ölçüde iyileştiren inovasyonlar olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Bu makale, inovasyon alanında dünyada sayılı ülkelerden olan Almanya örneği üzerinden özellikle ekonomik ve teknolojik önemi olan sosyal inovasyonlara odaklanmıştır. Makalede sosyal inovasyon kavramının değişim boyutlarına ve süreçlerine yer verilmiş ve Alman devleti eliyle yürütülen teşvik politikalarının ve somut olarak finansal destek programlarının sosyo-politik stratejileri ve enstrümanları ülkeler arası boyutuyla kıyaslanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Makalenin temel amacı, Alman federal hükümetinin son yıllarda “Yüksek Teknoloji Stratejisi” gibi belge veya raporlara dayanan yeni destekleyici politikalarıyla sosyal inovasyonlara neden ve nasıl önem verdiğini örnekleriyle araştırmak ve değerlendirmektir. Araştırma, Almanya'nın son yıllarda bütün toplumsal sorunları içine alan değişik sosyal inovasyon projelerine artan oranda kamusal destek verdiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnovasyon, Sosyal İnovasyon, Toplum Açılımlı Sosyal İnovasyon, Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi, Sosyal İnovasyon Politikası, Innovation, Social Innovation, Societal Innovation, Global Innovation Index, Social Inno-vation Policy

STATE SUPPORT POLICY FOR SOCIAL INNOVATION: THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY

Öz

In recent years, the importance of social innovation-centered government policies has increased worldwide in order to respond to urgent social needs with smart projects and develop optimal solution strategies for new social problems in socio-economic areas. In principle, all social innovations aim at overcoming societal challenges and finding satisfactory solutions to new social problems or contributing to their solution. Satisfactory solutions are understood as innovations that permanently solve social problems for all affected or significantly improve their situation. This article focuses on social innovations that have economic and technological importance through the example of Germany, which is one of the few countries in the world in the field of innovation. In the article, the change dimensions and processes of the concept of social innovation are included and the socio-political strategies and instruments of the incentive policies carried out by the German state and, in concrete terms, financial support programs are evaluated by comparing them with their cross-country dimension. The main purpose of the article is to research and evaluate with examples why and how the German federal government has given importance to social innovations in recent years, with new supportive policies based on documents or reports such as the "High Technology Strategy". The study shows that in recent years Germany has increasingly publicly funded a wide range of social innovation projects covering all areas of society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Innovation, Social Innovation, Societal Innovation, Global Innovation Index, Social Inno-vation Policy

Kaynakça

• Anderson, L. F. vd. (2016). Policies for innovation in times of digitalization: A comparative report on innovation policies in Finland, Sweden and Germany. Good Society –Social Democracy #2017plus. Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
• Baykul, A. (2022). İnovasyonun Belirleyicileri: Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 52-66.
• BMBF (2014). Die neue hightech-strategie ınnovationen für Deutschland. https://www.bmbf.de/upload_filestore/ pub_hts/HTS_Broschure_Web.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.2022.
• BMBF (2020). Forschung. agentur für sprunginnovationen. https://www.bmbf.de/de/agentur-fuer-sprunginnovationen-9677.html, Erişim Tarihi: 13.04.2022.
• BMBF (2021). https://www.datenportal.bmbf.de/portal/de/bufi.html, Erişim Tarihi: 04.11.2022.
• BMBF-WİR (2022). WIR!-bölgesel değişime yönelik inovasyon. (WIR!-Wandel durch Innovation in der Region. https://www.innovation-strukturwandel.de/SiteGlobals/Forms/ strukturwandel/karten/de/Karte_formular.html?queryResultId=null&pageNo=0&legendeIndex=6&hasDonutCluster=true&hideZeitraum=true&kartentyp=wir-wandel-durch-innovation-in-der-region, Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2022.
• Christensen, C. M ve Raynor, M. E. (2003). The ınnovator's solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
• EFI-Raporu (2016). Gutachten zu Forschung, Innovation und technologischer Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands. (Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation/EFI=Araştırma ve İnovasyon Uzmanlar Komisyonu). https://www.bmbf.de/files/EFI_Gutachten_2016.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 16.04.2022.
• EFI-Raporu (2022). Gutachten zu forschung, ınnovation und technologischer leıstungsfähıgkeit Deutschlands. Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovatıon. https://www.e-fi.de/fileadmin/Assets/Themenverzeichnis/Inhaltskapitel_2022/EFI_ Gutachten_2022_A.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2022.
• European Commission (2020). Social enterprises and their ecosystems in europe: Comparative synthesis report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
• European Union (2014). Social innovation. A decade of changes. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union.
• Fraunhofer ISI (2022). Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung (Fraunhofer Sistemler ve Yenilik Araştırmaları Enstitüsü). https://www.isi.fraunhofer. de/de/competence-center/politik gesellschaft/projekte/htf2025.html, Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2022.
• Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit (2020). Soziale innovatıonen und ihr beitrag zum innovationssystem: Förderansätze und handlungsbedarf in Deutschland, https://shop.freiheit.org/#!/Publikation/959, Erişim Tarihi: 17.05.2022.
• Harhoff, D. vd. (2018). Impulse für sprunginnovationen in Deutschland. München: Herbert Utz Verlag. Hightech Forum (2017). Innovationspolitische leitlinien des hightech-forums. https://www.hightech-forum.de/wpcontent/uploads/htf_leitlinien_final_web.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 23.04.2022.
• HTS (Hightech-Strategie) (2018). Forschung und Innovation für die Menschen: Die Hightech-Strategie 2025. https://www.hightechstrategie.de/files/HTS2025.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 18.04.2022.
• https://wirvsvirus.org/, Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2022.
• https://www.e-fi.de/, Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2022.
• https://www.e-fi.de/expertenkommission/expertenkommission/die-expertenkommission, Erişim Tarihi: 16.05.2022.
• https://www.e- fi.de/fileadmin/Assets/Gutachten/2022/EFI_Gutachten_2022.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2022.
• https://www.efi.de/fileadmin/Assets/Themenverzeichnis/Inhaltskapitel_2022/EFI_Gutachten_2022_A.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2022.
• https://www.gesellschaft-der-ideen.de/de/home/home_node.html, Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2022.
• https://www.gesellschaft-der-ideen.de/SiteGlobals/Forms/Suche/Ideen/Ideensuche_Formular. html?nn=638956, Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2022.
• https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/experience/about/centers-institutes/csi/defining-social-innovation, Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2022.
• https://www.hightech-forum.de/hightech-forum/, Erişim Tarihi: 16.05.2022.
• https://www.isi.fraunhofer.de/de/profil/zahlen-fakten.html, Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2022.
• https://www.sprind.org/de/. Erişim Tarihi: 08.05.2022.
• https://www.sprind.org/de/corporate-governance. Erişim Tarihi: 09.05.2022.
• https://www.sprind.org/de/projekt-einreichen/. Erişim Tarihi: 08.05.2022.
• https://www.sprind.org/de/wir/. Erişim Tarihi: 08.05.2022).
• Koalisyon Mutabakatı (2021). SPD; bündnis 90/die grünen; FDP. Mehr fortschritt wagen. bündnis für freiheit, gerechtigkeit und nachhaltigkeit. koalitionsvertrag zwischen SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und FDP 2021-2025. Berlin: SPD, Bündnis90/Die Grünen, FDP. https://www.spd.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Koalitionsvertrag/ Koalitionsvertrag_2021-2025.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 16.05.2022.
• Mazzucato, M. (2015). Beyond market failures: Shaping and creating markets for innovation-led growth. in: Mazzucato, M.; Penna, C. R. Hrsg.: Mission-oriented Finance for Innovation: New Ideas for Investment-Led Growth. London/New York.
• Mc. Kinsey & C. Ashoka (2019). Wenn aus klein systemisch wird: Das Milliardenpotenzial sozialer Innovationen. https://www.mckinsey.de/publikationen/ 2019-03-14---ashoka-wenn-aus-klein-systemisch-wird#:~:text=Dies%20ist%20das%20 Ergebnis%20einer,den%20Erfolg%20von%20Sozialunternehmen%20sind., Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2022.
• OECD (2014). OECD Science, technology and industry Outlook. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/4b88d3e1-en.pdf?expires=1652320578&id=id &accname=guest&checksum=42A4AD1C59D0B34C1159F32DF88D8084, Erişim Tarihi: 12.05.2022.
• Oroszi, T. (2020). Disruption Innovation and Theory. Journal of Service Science and Management, 13(03), 449-458.
• Schraudner vd. (2018). Social innovation. The potential for technology development: RTOs and industry. http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-534927.html. Erişim Tarihi: 12.04.2022.
• WIPO (2021). Global Innovation Index 2021: Tracking Innovation through the COVID-19 Crisis. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).