Yenilikçi teknolojilerden prensip ve yasal yönleriyle vurgulu elektrik alan teknolojisi

Yıl 2019, , 354 - 363, 19.09.2019

Elif Ayşe Anlı

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.469870

Öz

Vurgulu elektrik alan (VEA) teknolojisi, gıdaların mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin iyileştirilmesini amaçlayan, beslenme yönünden özelliklerini koruyan aynı zamanda gıdaların fonksiyonel özelliklerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağladığı bilinen bir tekniktir. Klasik ısıl işlem uygulamalarına kıyasla düşük sıcaklıklarda kısa süreli olarak gıdaya gönderilen elektrik alan sinyalleri ile bakteri sporları haricinde neredeyse tüm patojenler ve gıdalarda bozulma etmeni olan bakteriler inaktif hale getirilmektedir. VEA teknolojisi ile mikroorganizma inaktivasyon mekanizma üzerine, elektrik alan etkisiyle hücrelerde membran geçirgenliğinin artması, elektroporasyon sonucunda membranın gözenekli hale gelmesi ve yine aynı etkiyle oksidasyon ve redüksiyon reaksiyonlarının meydana gelmesi gibi mevcut görüşler bulunmaktadır. Yenilikçi teknolojilerden birisi olarak yöntemin güvenilirliği, yöntemin mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki başarısı ile birlikte toksikolojik ve alerjik etkileri yönünden desteklenerek, yasal otoriteler tarafından onaylandıktan sonra daha net olarak ortaya konulacaktır. Yöntemin ticari olarak uygulanabilirliğinin ülkelere göre değişiklik göstermeyen, global bir yasal düzenleme yapıldıktan sonra mümkün olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vurgulu elektrik alan, Mikrobiyel inaktivasyon mekanizmas, Uygulama alanları, Yasal düzenlemeler

Principles and legal issues of pulsed electric field technology as a novel technique

Öz

The goal of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technology is to enhance microbiological properties of foods by protecting nutritional quality and also known as a technique contributing some functional properties of foods. Electric field signals applied at low temperatures for a short period of time results in inactivation of all pathogens and food deteriorating bacteria except bacterial spores. Improvement in cell permeability, electroporation in cell membrane and oxidation and reduction reactions occurring as a result of electric field are some theories about the microbial inactivation mechanism.  As a novel technique the reliability of pulsed electric field, succeed in microbial inactivation, will be proved well when toxicological and allergenic effects are examined and confirmed positively and after legal authorities’ approval. The technique’s industrial application will be possible when global legal aspects are performed without variations according to countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pulsed electric field, Microbial inactivation mechanism, Application areas, Legal issues

Kaynakça

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