Nijerya, Delta Eyaletinde toprak erozyonu ile tarla bitkileri çiftçileri gelirleri arasındaki bağlantıyı modellemek

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 185 - 194, 24.06.2020

Theophilus Miebi Gbıgbı

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.614571

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Nijerya'nın Delta Eyaletindeki toprak erozyonu ile yörenin sulanabilir tarım arazilerinde faaliyet gösteren üreticilerin geliri arasındaki bağlantının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çok aşamalı bir örnekleme prosedürü dikkate alınmıştır. Tamamen tesadüfi 180 çiftçiyle yapılan bir anket çalışmasıyla yapılandırılan bu çalışmada kullanılan istatistiki analiz yöntemler; betimleyici istatistikler ve regresyon modelidir. Çoğunluğunun erkek deneklerden oluştuğu bu çalışmada katılımcıların eğitim düzeylerinin düşük olduğunu görmekteyiz. Katılımcıların ortalama tarım deneyimi 12 yıl olup, ortalama yaşları ise 47'dir. Ortalama aile büyüklüğünün 6 bireyden oluştuğu bu hanelerin işlediği arazi genişliği ortalama 1.55 hektardır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre bölgede rastlanan en yaygın toprak erozyonu türleri yüzey, parmak (oluk) ve oyuntu (sel yarıntısı) erozyonudur. Katılımcıların çoğunluğu yüksek düzeyde toprak erozyonu bildirmiştir. En yaygın olarak kullanılan toprak erozyonu önleme yöntemleri ise, malçlama, ağaç dikme, teraslama ve kontur ve şerit usulü ekim yöntemleridir. Toprak erozyonunun algılanan başlıca etkileri, ekilebilir arazi miktarındaki azalma, ekim alanlarındaki verimlilik kayıpları ve üretim miktarındaki düşüştür. Katılımcıların gelirlerini etkileyen başlıca parametreler, üretimin ekilebilir arazilerdeki azalmadan kaynaklı olarak düşmesi, yüksek girdi ve yönetim maliyeti, ekim alanlarındaki verimlilik kaybı, tarımdan çıkarılan işgücü ve verimli sulanabilir tarım arazilerinin amaç dışı kullanımıdır. Erozyona karşı önlemlerin benimsenmesini etkileyen faktörler yaş, eğitim, hane halkı büyüklüğü, arazi genişliği, tarımsal gelir, yayım ziyareti ve çiftçilik deneyimidir. Bu çerçevede hükümetin, çalı yakılması yoluyla ormansızlaşmanın önünü keserek, tarımsal arazilerde kazıları caydırmak için politikalar çıkarması tavsiye edilir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekilebilir tarım çiftçileri, Adaptasyon, Gelir, Dayanıklılık ölçüleri, Toprak erozyonu

Modelling the link between soil erosion and arable crop farmers income in Delta State, Nigeria

Öz

The study aimed at analyzing the link between soil erosion and income of arable crop farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used. A survey of one hundred and eighty farmers was erratically chosen with a structured questionnaire. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics and regression model. The results showed that widely held respondents were male. The educational level of respondents was low. The mean farming experience of respondents was 12 years with a mean age of 47 years. The mean family size was 6 persons with a mean farm size of 1.55ha. The most prevalent soil erosion types were gully, rill and sheet erosion. The majority of respondents reported a high level of soil erosion. The most widely used soil erosion resilience measures were mulching, planting of trees, terracing and contour and strip cropping. The major perceived effects of soil erosion were reduction of arable land, loss in productivity of cropping lands, and drop in output. The parameters that affect the income of respondents were drop in output, reduction of arable land, high input, and management, loss of productivity of cropping land, labor shifting out of agriculture and submerges of fertile arable land. The factors that influence the adoption of resilience measures were age, education, household size, farm size, income, extension visit, and farming experience. It is recommended that the Government should enact policies to discourage bush burning, deforestation, and excavation on the farming environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arable crop farmers, Adoption, Income, Resilience measures, Soil erosion

Kaynakça

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