Tahran, İran'da yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografi ile süt ve süt ürünlerinde aflatoksin M1 içeriğinin değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 435 - 443, 27.09.2023

Nazanin Shabansalmani Mohammadhosein Movassaghghazani

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1247936

Cited By: 1

Öz

Aflatoksin M1 (AFM1), süt ve süt ürünlerinde kanserojen ve hepatotoksik olan en önemli aflatoksindir. Bu çalışma, Tahran'da süt ve dağıtılan süt ürünlerindeki AFM1 içeriğini değerlendirmeyi amaçladı. Ekim-Aralık 2020 arasında Tahran'da basit rastgele yöntemle 15 çiğ süt, 15 pastörize süt, 15 ultra yüksek sıcaklıkta süt, 15 pastörize yoğurt ve 15 pastörize peynir olmak üzere 75 numune toplandı. örnekleme. Süt ve süt ürünleri tüketicileri için diyete maruz kalma veya tahmini diyet alımı (EDI) ve tehlike indeksi (HI) hesaplandı. Numunelerdeki AFM1 içeriği, bir floresan detektörü ile birlikte yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) kullanılarak belirlendi. AFM1 tüm numunelerde tespit edildi. Tüm örneklerde AFM1 değerleri, Avrupa Birliği tarafından kabul edilen kabul edilebilir aralığın üzerindeydi. Süt ve yoğurt örneklerinin %100'ü ve peynir örneklerinin %82'si İran maksimum sınırını (süt ve yoğurtta 100 ng kg-1 ve peynirde 250 ng kg-1) aştı. Çiğ süt, pastörize süt, UHT süt, pastörize yoğurt ve pastörize peynir örneklerinde ortalama AFM1 içeriği sırasıyla 337±17,7, 306±15,5, 305±17,4, 320±17,6 ve 309±18,5 ng Kg-1 olarak bulundu. En yüksek HI değeri İran'ın Tahran kentindeki çocuklarda gözlendi. Sonuçlara göre Tahran'da sonbaharda süt ve dağıtılan süt ürünlerindeki aflatoksin içeriği endişe vericidir. Özellikle çiğ sütte aflatoksin düzeylerinin yılın farklı zamanlarında ölçülmesi ve toksin üreten küflerle kontaminasyon için yem denetimlerinin yoğunlaştırılması önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Süt, Süt Ürünleri, Aflatoksin M1, HPLC, Tahran

Evaluation of aflatoxin M1 content in milk and dairy products by high-performance liquid chromatography in Tehran, Iran

Öz

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the most important aflatoxin in milk and dairy products, which is carcinogenic and hepatotoxic. This study aimed to evaluate the AFM1 content in the milk and distributed dairy products in Tehran. 75 samples, including 15 samples of raw milk, 15 samples of pasteurized milk, 15 samples of ultra-high temperature milk, 15 samples of pasteurized yogurt, and 15 samples of pasteurized cheese, were collected from October to December 2020 in Tehran by simple random sampling. The dietary exposure or estimated dietary intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) were calculated for milk and dairy product consumers. The AFM1 content in the samples was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) along with a fluorescence detector. AFM1 was observed in all samples. The values of AFM1 in all samples were higher than the acceptable range determined by the European Union. 100% of milk and yogurt samples and 82% of cheese samples exceeded the Iranian maximum limit (100 ng kg-1 in milk and yogurt, and 250 ng Kg-1 in cheese). Mean AFM1 content in raw milk samples, pasteurized milk samples, UHT milk samples, pasteurized yogurt samples, and pasteurized cheese samples were 337±17.7, 306±15.5, 305±17.4, 320±17.6, and 309±18.5 ng Kg-1, respectively. The highest value of HI was observed in children of Tehran, Iran. Based on the results, the aflatoxin content in milk and distributed dairy products in Tehran in the autumn is inconvenient. It is recommended that the aflatoxin levels should be measured at different times of the year, especially in raw milk, and feed monitoring is intensified for contamination with toxin-producing molds.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Milk, Dairy Products, Aflatoxin M1, Tehran, HPLC

Kaynakça

• Abdali, F., Zare, M., Abbasi, A., & Berizi, E. (2020). Aflatoxin M1 Occurrence in Local Dairy Products in Shiraz, Southern Iran. International Journal of Nutrition Sciences, 5(3), 146-151.
• Barami, A. R., Pour elmi, M. R., Irani, M.(2012). Contamination levels of aflatoxin M1 in bulk raw milk of Chaloos and Ramsar. Journal of Food Hygiene. 1(4) : 53-60.
• Duarte S.C., Almeida A.M., Teixeira A.S., Periera, L.A., Falcao, L.C., Pena, A. & Lino, C.M. (2013). Aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk in Portugal: Assessment of human and animal exposure. Food Control. 30(2):411–7.
• Fallah, A. A., Fazlollahi, R., & Emami, A. (2016). Seasonal study of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk of four dairy species in Yazd, Iran. Food Control, 68, 77-82.
• FDA. (2015). CPG Sec 527.400 Whole Milk, Lowfat Milk, Skim Milk - Aflatoxin M1. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-527400-whole-milk-lowfat-milk-skim-milk-aflatoxin-m1
• Ghasemian, S. O. (2019). Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Raw Cow Milk of Dairy Farms in Behbahan area, Khuzestan province, Iran. The Journal of Tolooebehdasht. 18(2):46-56.
• Guo, L., Wang, Y., Fei, P., Liu, J., & Ren, D. (2019). A survey on the aflatoxin M1 occurrence in raw milk and dairy products from water buffalo in South China. Food Control, 105, 159-163.
• Hajmohammadi, M., Valizadeh, R., Naserian, A., & Nourozi, M. (2017). Composition and occurrence of a fl atoxin M 1 in cow ’ s milk samples from Razavi Khorasan Province , Iran. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 70, 1-6.
• Ilievska, G., Stojanovska-Dimzoska, B., Koceva, D., Stojkovic, G., Angeleska, A., Dimitriska-Stojkovic, E.(2022). Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products Consumed by Population of North Macedonia. Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control. 9 (1) ,14-22.
• ISIRI. (2013). Milk and milk prouducts . Determination of aflatoxin M1 by HPLC method and immunoaffinity column clean up-Test method. Iran National Standards Organization(1), 1-5.
• Kamkar, A., Fallah, A., & Mozaffari nejad, A. (2014). The review of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and dairy products produced The review of aflatoxin M 1 contamination in milk and dairy products produced in Iran. Toxin Reviews, 33(4), 160-168.
• Kamkar, A., Karim, G., Aliabadi, F., & Khaksar, R. (2008). Fate of aflatoxin M 1 in Iranian white cheese processing. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(6), 2236-2238.
• Khaneghahi Abyaneh H, A, B., Noori, N., Yazdanpanah, H., & Shojaee AliAbadi, M. H. (2019). Exposure to Aflatoxin M1 through Milk Consumption in Tehran Population, Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 18(3), 1332-1340.
• Kos, J., Hajnal, E.J., Jajic, I., Krstovic, S., Mastilovic, J., Saric, B. & Jovanov, P. (2016). Comparison of ELISA, HPLC-FLD and HPLC-MS/MS methods for determination of aflatoxin M1. in natural contaminated milk samples. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 63:747-756.
• Koutamehr, M. E., Akbari, H., Akbari, S., & Hassanzadazar, H. (2017). Aflatoxin M1 Level in Raw Milk Samples of Maragheh , Bonab and Malekan Cities , East Azerbaijan Province , Iran. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis, 27(2), 85-89.
• Leblanc J.C., Tard A., Volatier J.L., & Verger, P.(2005). Estimated dietary exposure to principal food mycotoxins from the first French Total Diet Study. Food Additives and Contamtaminants, 22(7):652–72.
• Lopez, C.E., Ramos, L.L., Ramadan, S.S. & Bulacio, L.C. (2003). Presence of aflatoxin M1 in milk for human consumption in Argentina. Food Control, 14(1): 31-34.
• Movassagh, M. H., & Adinehvand, S. (2010). Study of aflatoxin M1 level in the collected raw cow milk from milk collection centers in Tabriz. Journal of Food Hygiene, 3(2), 63-70.
• Movassaghghazani, M. H., & Ghorbiani, M. (2017). Incidence of Aflatoxin M 1 in Human and Cow Milk in Kashan , Iran. Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control, 4, 99-102.
• Mozafari Nejad, A. S., Heshmati, A., & Ghiasvand, T. (2019). The Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Exposure to Aflatoxin M1 in Ultra-High Temperature and Pasteurized Milk in Hamadan Province of Iran. Osong Public Health Res Perspect, 10(4), 228-233.
• Murshed, S. (2020). Evaluation and Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products in Yemen Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Journal of Food Quality, 1-8.
• Nadira, A. F., Rosita, J., Norhaizan, M. E., & Redzwan, S. M. (2017). Screening of aflatoxin M1 occurrence in selected milk and dairy products in Terengganu , Malaysia. Food Control, 73, 209-214.
• Nile, S. H., Park, S. W., & Khobragade, C. N. (2016). Occurrence and analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk produced by Indian dairy species. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 27(3), 358-366.
• Pardakhti, A., & Maleki, S. (2019). Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research, 13, 265-271.
• Reuter, W., & Hopkinton, M. (2016). Liquid Chromatography / Analysis of Aflatoxins in Milk by HPLC Using Kobra Cell and Fluorescence Detection. Retrieved from https://www.chromatographyonline.com/authors/wilhad-m-reuter
• Riazipour, M., Tavakoli, H., Razzaghi Abyane, M., & Rafati, H. (2010). Measuring the amount of Aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized milks. Kowsar Medical Journal, 15(2), 89-93.
• Serranio, A., Bonilauri, P., Kerekes, K., Farkas, Z., Giacometti, F., Canever, A., Zambrini, A., Ambrus, A.(2019). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk marketed in Italy: Exposure assessment and risk characterization, Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1-10.
• Sootodeh, L., Dini, A., Rezaeian, M., Esmaeili, A., Asgarian, A. (2021). Evalution of Aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized milk in Kerman and Rafsanjan cities in 2019. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, 19(11), 1163-1178.
• Shundo L., Navas S.A., Lamardo L.C.A., Ruvieri, V. & Sabino, M. (2009). Estimate of aflatoxin M1 exposure in milk and occurrence in Brazil. Food Control. 20(7):655–7.
• Tarannum, N., Nipa, M. N., Das, S., & Parveen, S. (2020). Aflatoxin M1 detection by ELISA in raw and processed milk in Bangladesh. Toxicol Rep, 7, 1339-1343.
• Turkoglu, C., & Keyvan, E. (2019). Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk in Turkey. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 47(1), 1-7.
• Venancio, R.L., Ludovico, A., Walter de Santana, E.H., Amaral de Toledo, E., Cristine de Almeida Rego, F. & Sifuentes dos Santos, J. (2018). Occurrence and seasonality of aflatoxin M1 in milk in two different climate zones. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 99: 3203–3206.
• Yesil, O. F., HatipogLu, A., Yildiz, A., Vural, A., & Erkan, M. E. (2019). A Research on the Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Milk and Dairy Productsfor Sale in Diyarbakır by ELISA. Erzincan University Journal of Food Science and Technology, 12(1), 479-488.