Bebek Mamalarında Antibiyotik Kalıntılarının Belirlenmesi ve Sağlık Risk Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 2, 134 - 143, 31.12.2025

Tuğba Demir , Sema Ağaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1788458

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, farklı yaş gruplarına yönelik pazarlanan bebek mamalarında tetrasiklin, β-laktam ve sülfonamid antibiyotik kalıntılarının düzeylerini belirlemek ve maruziyetin olası halk sağlığı etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Materyal ve Method: Prematüre (n=8), hipoalerjenik (n=16), 0-6 ay (n=18), 6-9 ay (n=10), 9-12 ay (n=10) ve 12-36 ay (n=10) olmak üzere toplam 72 örnek ELISA yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler tek yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey testi ile gerçekleştirilmiş, p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Tetrasiklin kalıntıları 0.002-30.563 ppb aralığında değişmiş ve gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p<0.001). β-laktam kalıntıları, prematüre bebek mamalarında 0.254±0.425 ppb, 12-36 ay grubuna yönelik mamalarda ise 2.070±0.797 ppb düzeyinde saptanmıştır (F=2.342; p=0.051). Sülfonamid düzeyleri prematüre ve hipoalerjenik gruplarda düşük, 9-12 ay ve 12-36 ay gruplarında ise belirgin derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Risk değerlendirmesi, tahmini günlük alım değerlerinin hedef tehlike katsayısının <1 olduğunu ve kısa vadede sağlık riski oluşturmadığını göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Özellikle 9-12 ay ve 12-36 ay mamalarında antibiyotik kalıntıları dikkat çekici düzeylerde bulunmuş, ancak yasal limitlerin altında kalmıştır. Avrupa Birliği’nin “sıfır tolerans” politikası dikkate alındığında, bebek mamalarında kalıntıların izlenmesi ve denetiminin güçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bebek Maması , Antibiyotik Kalıntıları , Gıda Güvenliği , Halk Sağlığı , Risk Değerlendirmesi

Proje Numarası

CÜBAP-V-112

Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Infant Formulas and Health Risk Assessment

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to determine the levels of tetracycline, β-lactam, and sulfonamide antibiotic residues in infant formulas marketed for different age groups and to evaluate the potential public health implications of exposure.
Materials and Methods: A total of 72 samples, including premature (n=8), hypoallergenic (n=16), 0-6 months (n=18), 6-9 months (n=10), 9-12 months (n=10), and 12-36 months (n=10), were analyzed using the ELISA method. Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test, considering p<0.05 as significant.
Results: Tetracycline residues ranged between 0.002 and 30.563 ppb, showing significant differences among groups (p<0.001). β-lactam residues were detected at low concentrations, ranging from 0.254±0.425 ppb in premature formulas to 2.070±0.797 ppb in formulas intended for 12-36 months; however, differences among groups were not statistically significant (F=2.342, p=0.051). Sulfonamide levels were minimal in premature and hypoallergenic groups, but markedly higher in the 9-12 months and 12-36 months’ groups (p<0.001). Risk assessment indicated that estimated daily intake values corresponded to target hazard quotient values below 1, suggesting no immediate health risk, although higher levels in older groups reflected increased exposure potential.
Conclusions: Infant formulas for 9-12 months and 12-36 months contained notable levels of antibiotic residues, though still below the maximum residue limits established for milk. Considering the European Union’s “zero tolerance” policy for infant formulas, continuous monitoring and reinforced regulatory control are necessary to minimize exposure and safeguard infant health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Infant Formula , Antibiotic Residues , Food Safety , Public Health , Risk Assessment

Etik Beyan

Ethical Approval: Not applicable.

Destekleyen Kurum

Funding: This work was funded by Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP), Project No: V-112.

Proje Numarası

CÜBAP-V-112

Kaynakça

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