More human than human? Artificial intelligence in the archive

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 155 - 181, 30.12.2022

Çevirmen: Hasan Öztürk

Öz

Not a day appears to go by without breaking news of some Artificial Intelligence (AI) advance that seemingly has the potential to transform our lives. As recordkeeping professionals, we can very well ask, ‘What about us?’ Where is the AI or automation to help us with our classification, appraisal and disposal work? If we are to meet the challenges of managing records in the digital age, such technology – together with appropriate skills and knowledge – will be necessary. How can AI automate our digital recordkeeping and archive work? In this article, the authors provide a snapshot of the practice of AI in Australian recordkeeping. What is the reality versus the hype of such technology, and what is actually being done now? In answering these questions, they first provide a brief introduction into AI techniques and their characteristics in relation to recordkeeping work. They then introduce four case studies from Australian archival and government institutions that have embarked on AI initiatives. In each case, they provide an overview of the project in terms of requirements, activities to date, outcomes and futures. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons learnt, issues and implications of AI in the archive.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial Intelligence, Archives, Australian Public Institutions

İnsandan Daha İnsan? Arşivde Yapay Zekâ

Öz

Görünen o ki hayatımızı dönüştürme potansiyeline sahip olan bazı Yapay Zekâ (YZ) gelişmelerinin olmadığı bir gün geçmiyor. Belge yöneticileri olarak ‘Peki ya biz?’ diye sorabiliriz. Sınıflama, değerlendirme ve imha işlemlerinde bize yardımcı olacak yapay zekâ veya otomasyon nerede? Dijital çağda belge yönetmenin zorluklarını aşacaksak – uygun beceri ve bilgilerle birlikte – bu tür bir teknoloji gerekli olacaktır. YZ, dijital belge yönetimi ve arşiv işlerini nasıl otomatikleştirebilir? Yazarlar bu makalede, Avustralya'daki belge yönetimi işlemlerinde yapay zekâ uygulamalarının değerlendirmesini yapmaktadır. Böyle bir teknolojinin aldatma karşısındaki gerçekliği nedir ve hâlihazırda neler yapılıyor? Yazarlar bu soruları yanıtlarken, önce yapay zekâ tekniklerine ve bu tekniklerin belge yönetimi çalışmalarıyla ilgili özelliklerini sunmaktadır. Ardından YZ girişimlerine başlamış Avusturalya arşiv ve kamu kurumlarından dört vaka çalışması sunulmaktadır. Her bir vakada, bugüne kadar olan faaliyeti, sonuçları ve gelecekleri açısından projenin gözden geçirilmesini sağlamaktadırlar. Makale, arşivdeki YZ'den öğrenilenler, sorunlar ve çıkarımlar hakkında bir tartışma ile sona ermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay Zekâ, Arşivler, Avustralya Kamu Kurumları,, Artificial Intelligence, Archives, Australian Public Institutions

Kaynakça

• 1- Stanford University, ‘Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030: One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence; Report of the 2015 Study Panel’, 2016, available at <https://ai100. stanford.edu/sites/default/files/ai_100_report_0916fnl_single.pdf>, accessed 14 February 2018.
• 2- National Archives of Australia and Council of Australasian Archives and Records Authorities, ‘Digital Archiving in the 21st Century: Archives Domain Discussion Paper’, Collections Council of Australia, 2006; Frank Upward, Barbara Reed, Gillian Oliver and Joanne Evans, ‘Recordkeeping Informatics: Re-Figuring a Discipline in Crisis with a Single Minded Approach’, Records Management Journal, vol. 23, no. 1, 2013, pp. 37–50, doi:10.1108/09565691311325013
• 3- Ross Harvey and Dave Thompson, ‘Automating the Appraisal of Digital Materials’, Library Hi Tech, vol. 28, no. 2, 2010, pp. 313–22, doi:10.1108/07378831011047703.
• 4- John McDonald, ‘Managing Records in the Modern Office: Taming the Wild Frontier’, Archivaria, no. 39, Spring 1995, pp. 70–9.
• 5- Kate Cumming and Anne Picot, ‘Reinventing Appraisal’, Archives and Manuscripts, vol. 42, no. 2, 2014, pp. 133–45, doi:10.1080/01576895.2014.926824
• 6- The National Archives UK, ‘Digital Strategy’, available at <https://www.nationalarchives. gov.uk/documents/the-national-archives-digital-strategy-2017-19.pdf>, accessed 14 February 2018.
• 7- Anne Gilliland, ‘Archival Appraisal: Practising on Shifting Sands’, in Caroline Brown (ed.), Archives and Recordkeeping: Theory into Practice, Facet, London, 2014, p. 50. Attributed to Clive Humby and, perhaps, first quoted in Michael Palmer, ‘Data is the New Oil’, ANA Marketing Maestros, 2006, available at <http://ana.blogs.com/maestros/2006/11/data_is_ the_new.html>, accessed 14 February 2018; Upward et al., ‘Recordkeeping Informatics’.
• 8- Cassie Findlay, ‘Appraisal: An Essential Tool for Digital Recordkeeping’, August 2015, available at <http://www.informationstrategy.tas.gov.au/Publications/Documents/Cassie- Findlay-Appraisal-Essential-tool-for-digital-recordkeeping-Aug-2015.pptx>, accessed 14 February 2018.
• 9- Frank Upward, Barbara Reed, Gillian Oliver and Joanne Evans, Recordkeeping Informatics for a Networked Age, Social Informatics, Monash University Publishing, Clayton, Vic., 2018, pp. xix–xx.
• 10- William Vinh-Doyle, ‘Appraising Email (Using Digital Forensics): Techniques and Challenges’, Archives and Manuscripts, vol. 45, no. 1, 2017, pp. 18–30, doi:10.1080/ 01576895.2016.1270838.