Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Uygulanan Bireylerde Anksiyete ve Depresyonun Yönetiminde Nonfarmakolojik Yöntemlerin Rolü: Bir Literatür Derlemesi/ The Role of Non-pharmacological Methods in the Management of Anxiety and Depression in Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis Treatment: A Literature Review

Öz

Hemodiyaliz, kronik böbrek hastalığının tedavisinde sık uygulanan bir tedavi yöntemidir. Diyaliz tedavisindeki tıbbi ilerlemeler, hastaların uzun yıllar tedavi edilmesine olanak sağlasa da komorbid hastalıkların gelişmesini ve diyaliz tedavisinden kaynaklı semptomların görülmesini önleyememektedir. Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalar fiziksel semptomlar yaşadıkları gibi ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik sorunlarla da karşılaşabilmektedirler. Bu sorunlarından en önemlileri psikolojik olanlardır. Çünkü psikolojik sorunlar günlük yaşamda derin değişikliklere yol açabilmekte, depresyon ve anksiyeteye neden olmaktadır. Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalar, başta depresyon ve anksiyete olmak üzere çoklu duygusal ve psikolojik bozukluklardan etkilenebilmektedirler. Hemodiyaliz tedavisi hastaların çoğunda kısıtlılığa yol açarak günlük aktivitelerini yerine getirmelerinde sınırlılıklar oluşturmaktadır. Bu durum da stres, kaygı, anksiyete ve depresyona neden olmaktadır. Bu semptomlar hastaların yaşam kalitelerini azaltarak, daha uzun süre hastanede yatışa, sağlık bakım maliyetlerinde artışa ve erken mortaliteye sebep olmaktadır. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında semptom yönetiminde kullanılan farmakolojik yöntemlerin yanı sıra nonfarmakolojik tedavi yöntemleri de kullanılmaktadır. Nonfarmakolojik tedavi yöntemleri hastaların depresyon ve anksiyete düzeylerini azaltmakta ve yaşam kalitelerinin artmasına destek olmaktadır. Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastaların depresyon ve anksiyete yönetiminde nonfarmakolojik tedavi yöntemlerinin uygulanması, etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi ve bu konuda hem hastaların hem de sağlık personelinin cesaretlendirilerek bilgilendirilmesi ve farkındalığının arttırılması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede, hemodiyaliz hastalarında görülen depresyon ve anksiyete yönetiminde nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerle ilgili bilimsel veriler incelenerek, elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda önerilerde bulunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemodiyaliz
• Anksiyete
• Depresyon
• Nonfarmakolojik yöntemler

The Role of Non-pharmacological Methods in the Management of Anxiety and Depression in Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis Treatment: A Literature Review

Öz

Hemodialysis is a common treatment method in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Although medical advances in dialysis treatment allow patients to be treated for many years, they cannot prevent the development of comorbid diseases and the development of symptoms resulting from dialysis treatment. Patients receiving hemodialysis treatment may experience physical symptoms as well as economic, social, and psychological problems. The most important of these problems are psychological problems. Because psychological problems can lead to profound changes in daily life, causing depression and anxiety. Patients receiving hemodialysis treatment may be affected by multiple emotional and psychological disorders, especially depression and anxiety. Hemodialysis treatment causes limitations in most of the patients and creates limitations in performing their daily activities. This causes stress, anxiety, anxiety and depression. These symptoms reduce the quality of life of patients and cause longer hospitalization, increase in health care costs and early mortality. In addition to pharmacological methods used in symptom management in hemodialysis patients, non-pharmacological treatment methods are also used. Non-pharmacological treatment methods reduce the depression and anxiety levels of the patients and support the increase in their quality of life. In the management of depression and anxiety in patients receiving hemodialysis treatment, non-pharmacological treatment methods should be applied, their effectiveness should be evaluated, and both patients and healthcare personnel should be encouraged and informed and awareness should be increased. In this review, scientific data on non-pharmacological methods in the management of depression and anxiety in hemodialysis patients will be examined and recommendations will be made in line with the results obtained.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemodialysis
• depression
• nonpharmacological methods
• anxiety

Kaynakça

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