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Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Alan Bireylerde Stigmaya Neden Olan Semptomlar ve Yönetimi/ Symptoms That Cause Stigma in Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment and Their Management

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 96 - 105, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.47565/ndthdt.2024.86

Öz

Son dönem böbrek hastalığı olan bireyler yaşamlarınısürdürebilmek için renal replasman tedavisine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. En sık uygulanan renal replasman tedavi yöntemi hemodiyalizdir. Bireyler, gerek hastalıktan gerekse uygulanan tedavi yöntemlerinden kaynaklı birçok komplikasyonla karşılaşmaktadır. Bunlardan bazıları; bulantı, kusma, kramp, ağrı, yorgunluk, kaşıntı, fistül komplikasyonları, tromboz, anevrizma, rüptür, renal osteodistrofi, endokrin bozukluklar ve uyku sorunlarıdır. Dış görünüşte meydana gelen değişiklikler, fiziksel fonksiyonda azalmalar, rol ya da statü kaybı, bir cihaza ve/veya sağlık personeline bağımlı olma, yaşanan duygusal ve terapötik rejimi yönetmeye ilişkin zorluklar bireylerin genel sağlık algısının bozulmasına, beden imajınının olumsuz etkilenmesine ve stigma algısı yaşamalarına neden olmaktadır. Stigma algısı nedeniyle bireyler sağlık hizmeti almada ve sosyal hayata katılmada sorunlarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan bireylerin stigma algılarına yer verilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Irmak H, Yardım N, Temel F, Keklik K. Türkiye Böbrek Hastalıkları Önleme ve Kontrol Programı 2018 [Internet]. 2023[cited 2024 Jan 22];1. Available from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kronik-hastaliklar-ve-yasli-sagligi-db/Dokumanlar/ Kitaplar/Turkiye_Bobrek_Hastaliklari_Onleme_ve_Kontrol_Programi_2018-2023.pdf
  • 2. Ateş K, Seyahi N, Koçyiğit İ. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Türk Nefroloji Derneği Ortak Raporu 2023 [Internet]. 2023[cited 2024 Jan 22];149-69. Available from https://nefroloji.org.tr/uploads/pdf/REGISTRY2022_web.pdf.
  • 3. Chan CT, Blankestijin PJ, Dember LM, Gallieni M, Harris DCH, Lok CE, et al. Dialysis initiation, modality choice, Access, and prescription: conclusions from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (kdigo) controversies conference. Kidney Int. 2019;96:37-47. Doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.017
  • 4. Akyüz O, Parmaksız E, Ardahanlı İ. Investigation of the relationship between biochemical parameters, alexithymia, and stress leves in hemodialysis patients. South Clin Ist Euras. 2021;32(1):13-8. DOI: 10.14744/scie.2021.24993
  • 5. Yu I, Huang J, Tsai Y. Symptom cluster among hemodialysis patients in Taiwan. Appl Nurs Res. 2012;25:190–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2010.11.002
  • 6. Muringai T, Noble H, McGowan A, Channey M. Dialysis access and the impacton body image: role of the nephrology nurse. Br J Nurs. 2008;17(6):362−6. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2008.17.6.28900
  • 7. Shahgholian N, Tajdari S, Nasiri M. Reviewing and comparing self-concept in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Iran J Nurs and Midwifery Res. 2012[cited 2024 Jan 29];17(2): 85-90. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC3696965/pdf/IJNMR-17-85.pdf
  • 8. Lev-Wiesel R, Sasson L, Scharf N, Abu Saleh Y, Glikman A, Hazan D, Shacham Y, et al. “Losing faith in my body”: body image in individuals diagnosed with end-stage renal disease as reflected in drawings and narratives. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(10777):1-15. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710777
  • 9. Tünerir E. (2019). Kronik hastalıklarda beklenen stigma ölçeği’nin türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi]. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı; 2019.
  • 10. Özaslan Çalışkan BÖ, Akca M. Damgalanma algısı ve sapma davranışı ilişkisinde kişilik özelliklerinin düzenleyici rolü. JAVSTUDIES. 2017;3(13):357-69. Doi: 10.23929/javs.437
  • 11. Brohan E, Slade M, Clement S, Thornicroft G. Experiences of mental illness stigma, prejudice and discrimination: a review of measures. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-80
  • 12. Dickerson FB, Sommerville J, Origoni AE, Ringel NB, Parente F. Experiences of stigma among outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2002;28(1):143-55. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006917.
  • 13. Heffernan K. Social work, new public management and the language of ‘service user’. Br J Soc Work. 2006;36(1):139-47. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch328
  • 14. Yıldız M, Özten E, Işık S, Özyıldırım İ, Karayün D, Cerit C, Üçok A. Şizofreni hastaları, hasta yakınları ve majör depresif bozukluk hastalarında kendini damgalama. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg [Internet]. 2012[cited 2024 Jan 29];13(1):1-7. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mustafa-Yildiz-13/publication/282593074_Self-stigmatization_among_patients_ with_schizophrenia_their_relatives_and_patients_with_major_depressive_disorder/links/56a8783508aeded22e37b01c/Selfstigmatization-among-patients-with-schizophrenia-their-relatives-and-patients-with-major-depressive-disorder.pdf
  • 15. Özmen S, Erdem R. Damgalamanın kavramsal çerçevesi. SDÜİİBFD [Internet] 2018[cited 2023 July 22];23(1):185-208. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1004031
  • 16. Novick TK, Gadegbeku CA, Crews DC. Dialysis for patients with endstage renal disease who are homeless. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(12):1581-2. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5470
  • 17. Prabhakar Singh RG, Singh S, Rathore SS, Choudhary TA. Spectrum of ıntradialytic complications during hemodialysis and ıts management: A single-center experience. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2015;26(1):168-72. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.148771
  • 18. Shahdadi H, Badakhsh M, Moein AA, Shahreki A. Comparison on nausea & vomiting between supine and semi fowler position during hemodialysis. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2023 June 27];18: 58-63. Available from: https://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=522&sid=1&slc_lang=en
  • 19. Barth C, Boer W, Garzoni D, Kuenzi T, Ries W, Schaefer R, Schneditz D. Characteristics of hypotension-prone haemodialysis patients: is there a critical relative blood volume. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18(7):1353-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfg171
  • 20. Asgari MR, Asghari F, Ghods A, Ghorbani R, Motlagh N, Rahaei F. Incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting in a group of maintenance hemodialysis patients. J Renal Inj Prev. 2017;6(1):49-55. DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2017.09
  • 21. Gökdoğan F. Diyaliz hastalarında semptom yönetimi. Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2024 Jun 6];6(1):4- 10. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/423053
  • 22. Grandinetti A, Hilliard-Boone TS, Wilund KR, Logan D, St. Peter WL, Wingard R, Tentori F, et al. Patient perspectives of skeletal muscle cramping in dialysis: a focus group study. Kidney360. 2023;4(6):734-43. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000121
  • 23. Cox KJ, Parshall MB, Hernandez SHA, Parvez SZ, Unruh ML. Symptoms among patients receiving in-center hemodialysis: a qualitative study. Hemodial İnt. 2017;21(4):524-33. doi:10.1111/hdi.12521
  • 24. Álvarez-Villarreal M, Velarde-García J, Chocarro-Gonzalez L, Pérez-Corrales J, Gueita-Rodriguez J, Palacios-Ceña D. Body changes and decreased sexual drive after dialysis: a qualitative study on the experiences of women at an ambulatory dialysis unit in Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(17):1-12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173086
  • 25. Lev-Wiesel R, Sasson L, Scharf N, Abu Saleh Y, Glikman A, Hazan D, Shacham Y, et al. “Losing faith in my body”: body image in individuals diagnosed with end-stage renal disease as reflected in drawings and narratives. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(10777):1-15. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710777
  • 26. Onelmis H, Sener S, Sasmaz S, Ozer A. Cutaneous changes in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2012;31(4):286–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/15569527.2012.657726
  • 27. Sartika D, Putra IB, Yosi A. Profile of skin manifestations in chronic kidney failure patients with hemodialysis and nonhemodialysis in universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital Medan. IJSRP. 2019;9(10):497-500. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9. 10.2019.p9465
  • 28. Verduzco HA, Shirazian S. CKD-associated pruritus: new insights into diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management. Kidney Int Rep. 2020;5(9):1387–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.04.027
  • 29. Sukul N, Karaboyas A, Csomor PA, Schaufler T, Wen W, Menzaghi F, Rayner HC, et al. Self-reported pruritus and clinical, dialysis-related, and patient-reported outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Med. 2021;3(1):42–53. doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.08.011
  • 30. Van Der Willik EM, Lengton R, Hemmelder MH, Hoogeveen EK, Bart HAJ, Van Ittersum FJ, Ten Dam MAGJ, et al. Itching in dialysis patients: impact on health-related quality of life and interactions with sleep problems and psychological symptomsresults from the renıne/proms registry. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2022;37(9):1731-41. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfac022
  • 31. Khan A, Khan AH, Adnan AS, Sulaiman SA, Mushtaq S. Prevalence and predictors of depression among hemodialysis patients: a prospective follow-up study. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6796-z
  • 32. Chi CY, Lee SY, Chao CT, Huang JW. Frailty as an independent risk factor for depression in patients with end-stage renal disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Med. 2022;9(1):1-8. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.799544
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Symptoms That Cause Stigma in Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment and Their Management

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 96 - 105, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.47565/ndthdt.2024.86

Öz

Individuals with end-stage renal disease need renal replacement therapy to survive. The most commonly applied renal replacement treatment method is hemodialysis. These individuals encounter many complications arising from both the disease and the treatment methods applied. Some of these complications include nausea, vomiting, cramps, pain, fatigue, itching, fistula complications, thrombosis, aneurysm, rupture, renal osteodystrophy, endocrine disorders, and sleep problems. Changes in appearance, decreases in physical function, loss of role or status, dependence on a device and/or healthcare personnel, and difficulties in managing the emotional and therapeutic regimen cause individuals to perceive their general health as deteriorated, negatively affect their body image, and experience stigma. Due to the perception of stigma, individuals may encounter problems in receiving healthcare and participating in social life. This review addresses the stigma perceptions of individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Irmak H, Yardım N, Temel F, Keklik K. Türkiye Böbrek Hastalıkları Önleme ve Kontrol Programı 2018 [Internet]. 2023[cited 2024 Jan 22];1. Available from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kronik-hastaliklar-ve-yasli-sagligi-db/Dokumanlar/ Kitaplar/Turkiye_Bobrek_Hastaliklari_Onleme_ve_Kontrol_Programi_2018-2023.pdf
  • 2. Ateş K, Seyahi N, Koçyiğit İ. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Türk Nefroloji Derneği Ortak Raporu 2023 [Internet]. 2023[cited 2024 Jan 22];149-69. Available from https://nefroloji.org.tr/uploads/pdf/REGISTRY2022_web.pdf.
  • 3. Chan CT, Blankestijin PJ, Dember LM, Gallieni M, Harris DCH, Lok CE, et al. Dialysis initiation, modality choice, Access, and prescription: conclusions from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (kdigo) controversies conference. Kidney Int. 2019;96:37-47. Doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.017
  • 4. Akyüz O, Parmaksız E, Ardahanlı İ. Investigation of the relationship between biochemical parameters, alexithymia, and stress leves in hemodialysis patients. South Clin Ist Euras. 2021;32(1):13-8. DOI: 10.14744/scie.2021.24993
  • 5. Yu I, Huang J, Tsai Y. Symptom cluster among hemodialysis patients in Taiwan. Appl Nurs Res. 2012;25:190–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2010.11.002
  • 6. Muringai T, Noble H, McGowan A, Channey M. Dialysis access and the impacton body image: role of the nephrology nurse. Br J Nurs. 2008;17(6):362−6. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2008.17.6.28900
  • 7. Shahgholian N, Tajdari S, Nasiri M. Reviewing and comparing self-concept in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Iran J Nurs and Midwifery Res. 2012[cited 2024 Jan 29];17(2): 85-90. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC3696965/pdf/IJNMR-17-85.pdf
  • 8. Lev-Wiesel R, Sasson L, Scharf N, Abu Saleh Y, Glikman A, Hazan D, Shacham Y, et al. “Losing faith in my body”: body image in individuals diagnosed with end-stage renal disease as reflected in drawings and narratives. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(10777):1-15. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710777
  • 9. Tünerir E. (2019). Kronik hastalıklarda beklenen stigma ölçeği’nin türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi]. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı; 2019.
  • 10. Özaslan Çalışkan BÖ, Akca M. Damgalanma algısı ve sapma davranışı ilişkisinde kişilik özelliklerinin düzenleyici rolü. JAVSTUDIES. 2017;3(13):357-69. Doi: 10.23929/javs.437
  • 11. Brohan E, Slade M, Clement S, Thornicroft G. Experiences of mental illness stigma, prejudice and discrimination: a review of measures. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-80
  • 12. Dickerson FB, Sommerville J, Origoni AE, Ringel NB, Parente F. Experiences of stigma among outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2002;28(1):143-55. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006917.
  • 13. Heffernan K. Social work, new public management and the language of ‘service user’. Br J Soc Work. 2006;36(1):139-47. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch328
  • 14. Yıldız M, Özten E, Işık S, Özyıldırım İ, Karayün D, Cerit C, Üçok A. Şizofreni hastaları, hasta yakınları ve majör depresif bozukluk hastalarında kendini damgalama. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg [Internet]. 2012[cited 2024 Jan 29];13(1):1-7. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mustafa-Yildiz-13/publication/282593074_Self-stigmatization_among_patients_ with_schizophrenia_their_relatives_and_patients_with_major_depressive_disorder/links/56a8783508aeded22e37b01c/Selfstigmatization-among-patients-with-schizophrenia-their-relatives-and-patients-with-major-depressive-disorder.pdf
  • 15. Özmen S, Erdem R. Damgalamanın kavramsal çerçevesi. SDÜİİBFD [Internet] 2018[cited 2023 July 22];23(1):185-208. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1004031
  • 16. Novick TK, Gadegbeku CA, Crews DC. Dialysis for patients with endstage renal disease who are homeless. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(12):1581-2. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5470
  • 17. Prabhakar Singh RG, Singh S, Rathore SS, Choudhary TA. Spectrum of ıntradialytic complications during hemodialysis and ıts management: A single-center experience. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2015;26(1):168-72. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.148771
  • 18. Shahdadi H, Badakhsh M, Moein AA, Shahreki A. Comparison on nausea & vomiting between supine and semi fowler position during hemodialysis. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2023 June 27];18: 58-63. Available from: https://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=522&sid=1&slc_lang=en
  • 19. Barth C, Boer W, Garzoni D, Kuenzi T, Ries W, Schaefer R, Schneditz D. Characteristics of hypotension-prone haemodialysis patients: is there a critical relative blood volume. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18(7):1353-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfg171
  • 20. Asgari MR, Asghari F, Ghods A, Ghorbani R, Motlagh N, Rahaei F. Incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting in a group of maintenance hemodialysis patients. J Renal Inj Prev. 2017;6(1):49-55. DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2017.09
  • 21. Gökdoğan F. Diyaliz hastalarında semptom yönetimi. Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2024 Jun 6];6(1):4- 10. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/423053
  • 22. Grandinetti A, Hilliard-Boone TS, Wilund KR, Logan D, St. Peter WL, Wingard R, Tentori F, et al. Patient perspectives of skeletal muscle cramping in dialysis: a focus group study. Kidney360. 2023;4(6):734-43. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000121
  • 23. Cox KJ, Parshall MB, Hernandez SHA, Parvez SZ, Unruh ML. Symptoms among patients receiving in-center hemodialysis: a qualitative study. Hemodial İnt. 2017;21(4):524-33. doi:10.1111/hdi.12521
  • 24. Álvarez-Villarreal M, Velarde-García J, Chocarro-Gonzalez L, Pérez-Corrales J, Gueita-Rodriguez J, Palacios-Ceña D. Body changes and decreased sexual drive after dialysis: a qualitative study on the experiences of women at an ambulatory dialysis unit in Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(17):1-12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173086
  • 25. Lev-Wiesel R, Sasson L, Scharf N, Abu Saleh Y, Glikman A, Hazan D, Shacham Y, et al. “Losing faith in my body”: body image in individuals diagnosed with end-stage renal disease as reflected in drawings and narratives. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(10777):1-15. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710777
  • 26. Onelmis H, Sener S, Sasmaz S, Ozer A. Cutaneous changes in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2012;31(4):286–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/15569527.2012.657726
  • 27. Sartika D, Putra IB, Yosi A. Profile of skin manifestations in chronic kidney failure patients with hemodialysis and nonhemodialysis in universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital Medan. IJSRP. 2019;9(10):497-500. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9. 10.2019.p9465
  • 28. Verduzco HA, Shirazian S. CKD-associated pruritus: new insights into diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management. Kidney Int Rep. 2020;5(9):1387–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.04.027
  • 29. Sukul N, Karaboyas A, Csomor PA, Schaufler T, Wen W, Menzaghi F, Rayner HC, et al. Self-reported pruritus and clinical, dialysis-related, and patient-reported outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Med. 2021;3(1):42–53. doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.08.011
  • 30. Van Der Willik EM, Lengton R, Hemmelder MH, Hoogeveen EK, Bart HAJ, Van Ittersum FJ, Ten Dam MAGJ, et al. Itching in dialysis patients: impact on health-related quality of life and interactions with sleep problems and psychological symptomsresults from the renıne/proms registry. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2022;37(9):1731-41. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfac022
  • 31. Khan A, Khan AH, Adnan AS, Sulaiman SA, Mushtaq S. Prevalence and predictors of depression among hemodialysis patients: a prospective follow-up study. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6796-z
  • 32. Chi CY, Lee SY, Chao CT, Huang JW. Frailty as an independent risk factor for depression in patients with end-stage renal disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Med. 2022;9(1):1-8. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.799544
  • 33. Gerogianni G, Kouzoupis A, Grapsa E. A holistic approach to factors affecting depression in haemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2018;50(8):1467-76. doi: 10.1007/s11255-018-1891-0.
  • 34. Sakiqi J, Vasilopoulos G, Koutelekos I, Polikandrioti M, Dousis E, Pavlatou N, et al. Depression among hemodialysis patients: related factors and the ımpact of ınsomnia and fatigue. Cureus. 2022;14(5):1-11. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25254
  • 35. Zengin O, Yıldırım B. Hemodiyaliz hastalarının psikososyal sorunlarına ilişkin algıları. Turkish J Nephrol. 2017;26(1):67-73. doi: 10.5262/tndt.2017.1001.11
  • 36. Saeedi M, Shamsikhani S, Farahani PV, Haghverdi F. Sleep hygiene training programme for patients on hemodialysis. Iran J of Kidney Dis [Internet]. 2014[cited 2023 Nov 20];8(1):65-9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24413724/
  • 37. Silva DM, Silva RMCRA, Pereira ER, Ferreira HC, Alcantara VCG, Oliveira FS. The body marked by the arteriovenous fistula: a phenomenological point of view. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(6):2869-75. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017- 0898
  • 38. Hagren B, Pettersen I, Severinsson E, Lützén K, Clyne N. Maintenance haemodialysis: patients’ experiences of their life situation. J. Clin. Nurs. 2005;14(3):294-300. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01036.x
  • 39. Bao J, Yu Q, Yu H, Hao J, Liu J, Yao J, Yuan W. Erectile dysfunction in male hemodialysis patients in China-one center experinence. Clin Nephrol. 2011;75(2):134-40. doi: 10.5414/cn106408
  • 40. Shouket H, Gringart E, Drake D, Steinwandel U. “Machine-dependent”: the lived experiences of patients receiving hemodialysis in Pakistan. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2022;15(9):1-13. doi:10.1177/23333936221128240
  • 41. Recommendations for preventing transmission of infections among chronic hemodialysis patients. MMWR Recomm Rep [Internet]. 2001[cited 2024 Jan 04];50(RR-5):1-43. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ rr5005a1.htm
  • 42. Özer Etik D, Ocal S, Boyacıoğlu A.S. Hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients: a review. World J of Hepatol. 2015;7(6):885-95. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i6.885
  • 43. Gökdoğan, F. Hemşireler ve teknikerler için diyaliz ilke ve teknikleri. Gökdoğan F, eds. In: Diyaliz İlke ve TeknikleriHemodiyaliz İnfeksiyon Kontrolü. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi; 2015. p.110.
  • 44. Ashkani-Esfahani S, Alavian SM, Salehi-Marzijarani M. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among hemodialysis patients in the middle-east: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Gastroenterol. 2017;23(1):151-66. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i1.151
  • 45. Barreira DP, Marinho RT, Bicho M, Fialho R, Ouakinin SRS. Psychosocial and neurocognitive factors associated with hepatitis C – implications for future health and wellbeing. Front in Psychol. 2019;9(2666):1-6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02666
  • 46. Paterson BL, Backmund M, Hirsch G, Yim C. The depiction of stigmatization in research about hepatitis C. Int J Drug Policy. 2007;18(5):364–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.02.004
  • 47. Çam O, Çuhadar D. Ruhsal hastalığa sahip bireylerde damgalama süreci ve içselleştirilmiş damgalama. J Psychiatr Nurs [Internet]. 2011[cited 2024 May 14]; 2(3):136-40. Available from: https://jag.journalagent.com/phd/pdfs/PHD_2_3_136_ 140.pdf
  • 48. Ay P, Hıdıroğlu S. Tuberculosis related stigma. Marmara Med J. 2021;34:1-6. doi: 10.5472/marumj.854373
  • 49. Gutman T, Kelly A, Scholes N, Craig J, Jesudason S, Tong A. Patient and caregiver experiences and attitudes about their involvement in research in chronic kidney disease. CJASN. 2022;17(2):215-27. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05960521
  • 50. Li B, Liu D, Zhang Y, Xue P. Stigma and related factors among renal dialysis patients in China. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1-9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1175179
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Dahili Hastalıklar Hemşireliği
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Sude Nur Ölmez 0000-0001-9828-9313

Gülay Turgay 0000-0003-2790-1426

Banu Çevik 0000-0003-1396-854X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Ölmez SN, Turgay G, Çevik B. Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Alan Bireylerde Stigmaya Neden Olan Semptomlar ve Yönetimi/ Symptoms That Cause Stigma in Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment and Their Management. NefroHemDergi. 2024;19(2):96-105.

Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi/ Journal of Nephrology Nursing Creative Commons Lisansı Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.