Turkish EFL Preparatory Class Students’ Attitudes Towards Distance Education
Yıl 2024,
, 162 - 176, 30.08.2024
Muhammet Ramazan Ekici
,
Çağla Atmaca
Öz
This study aimed to reveal Turkish EFL preparatory class students’ attitudes towards distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to some demographic variables. The participants were 300 students from an English preparatory class in Istanbul and the data were collected via a questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s Test. The findings demonstrated that the attitudes of students towards distance education were positive and there was a statistically significant difference between the students’ attitudes and gender, age, English proficiency level and computer possession. However, there was no statistically significant difference between their attitudes and Internet usage duration, previous distance education experience and graduated high school types. In light of the findings, it is suggested that new teaching and testing materials should be adapted and hybrid learning settings could be employed to increase the quality and effectiveness of distance foreign language education in the future.
Proje Numarası
Herhangi proje kapsamında değildir.
Kaynakça
- Ağır, F. (2007). Özel okullarda ve devlet okullarında çalışan
ilköğretim öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitime karşı tutumlarının
belirlenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Balıkesir
Üniversitesi, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
- Aktaş, Ö., Büyüktaş, B., Gülle, M., & Yıldız, M. (2020). Covid-19
virüsünden kaynaklanan izolasyon günlerinde spor bilimleri
öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime karşı tutumları. Sivas Cumhuriyet
Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 1-9.
- Al-Qaisy, L. M. (2021). Attitudes of students of Tafila Technical
University towards distance learning. Psychology and Education
Journal, 58(1), 5044-5051. doi: 10.17762/pae.v58i1.1728
- Altuntaş Yılmaz, N. (2020). Yükseköğretim kurumlarında Covid-19
pandemisi sürecinde uygulanan uzaktan eğitim durumu
hakkında öğrencilerin tutumlarının araştırılması: Fizyoterapi ve
rehabilitasyon bölümü örneği. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi
Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 15-20.
- Aslan, R. (2020). Tarihten günümüze epidemiler, pandemiler ve
Covid-19. Göller Bölgesi Aylık Ekonomi ve Kültür Dergisi, 8(85),
35-41.
- Ateş, A., & Altun, E. (2008). Bilgisayar öğretmeni adaylarının uzaktan
eğitime yönelik tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından
incelenmesi. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty
(GUJGEF), 28(3), 125-145.
- Azizah, A., & Nugraha, S. I. (2021). A qualitative study: Exploring EFL
students’ attitude towards learning writing during online learning
COVID-19 in Karawang Senior High School. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu
Pendidikan, 3(4), 2265-2270. doi: 10.31004/edukatif.v3i4.1188
- Basantia, T. K., & Village-Karhara, P. F. (2021). The attitude of learners
of practical based courses and learners of theory based courses
towards distance learning system. The Online Journal of Distance
Education and e-Learning, 9(1), 162-172.
- Benadla, D., & Hadji, M. (2021). EFL students’ affective attitudes
towards distance e-learning based on Moodle platform during
the Covid-19the pandemic: Perspectives from Dr. Moulaytahar
University of Saida, Algeria. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ),
Special Issue on Covid 19 Challenges, 55-67. doi: https://dx.doi.
org/10.24093/awej/covid.4
- Benhima, M. (2021). Moroccan English department student attitudes
towards the use of distance education during COVID-19: Moulay
Ismail University as a case study. International Journal of
Information and Communication Technology Education, 17(3),
105-122. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJICTE.20210701.oa7
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara:
Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
- Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W.
E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A.
Tashakkori and C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in
social and behavioral research (pp. 209-240). Thousands Oaks,
Calif.: Sage.
- Çakır, R., & Arslan, F. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim öğrencilerinin eş
zamanlı sanal sınıf ortamlarını kullanım niyetleri ile uzaktan
eğitime ilişkin tutumlarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim
Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(15), 114-133. https://doi.org/10.46778/
goputeb.732565
- Çakır, R., & Solak, E. (2015). Attitude of Turkish EFL learners
towards e-learning through Tam Model. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 176, 596-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
sbspro.2015.01.515
- Çelik, B., & Uzunboylu, H. (2015). High school students’ attitudes
towards distance education: Comparative study. Procedia-
Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 292-297. doi: 10.1016/j.
sbspro.2015.07.139
- Demir, B. (2020). Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim ile
yürütülen Matematik derslerine yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi.
International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal,
6(39), 2448-2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.31576/smryj.716
- Demir, Ö., & Narlıkaya, Z. (2020). Covid-19 salgını sürecinde muhasebe
ve finans derslerini alan öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin
tutumlarının araştırılması. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences
Research, 7(60), 2894-2904. doi: https://doi.org/10.26450/
jshsr.2104
- Desai, M. S., Hart, J., & Richards, T. C. (2008). E-learning: Paradigm
shift in education. Education, 129(2), 327-334.
Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Quantitative,
qualitative and mixed methodologies. New York: Oxford
University Press.
- Eela, L. (2020). Distance foreign language education in Finland:
A comparison of conceptions and attitudes toward the use
of distance education tools among foreign language teacher
students and distance EFL teachers (Unpublished master’s thesis).
University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,
Finland.
- Erarslan, A., & Zehir Topkaya, E. (2017). EFL students’ attitudes
towards e-learning and effect of an online course on students’
success in English. The Literacy Trek, 3(2), 80-101.
- Farooq, M. U., & Javid, C. Z. (2012). Attitude of students towards
e-learning: A study of English language learners at Taif University
English Language Centre. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 10(2),
17-28.
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and
evaluate research in education (7th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Galloway, N. (2017). Global Englishes and change in English language
teaching: Attitudes and impact. New York: Routledge.
- Hopkins, K. D., & Weeks, D. L. (1990). Tests for normality and measures
of skewness and kurtosis: Their place in research reporting.
Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50(4), 717-729.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164490504001
- Hussein, E., Daoud, S., Alrabaiah, H., & Badawi, R. (2020). Exploring
undergraduate students’ attitudes towards emergency online
learning during COVID-19: A case from the UAE. Children and
Youth Services Review, 119, 105699.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105699
- Ismaili, Y. (2021). Evaluation of students’ attitude toward distance
learning during the pandemic (Covid-19): A case study of ELTE
university. On The Horizon, 29(1), 17-30. doi: 10.1108/OTH-09-
2020-0032
- Kaban, A. (2021). University students’ attitudes towards distance
education. International Journal of Technology in Education and
Science (IJTES), 5(3), 311-322. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.241
Kaid Mohammed Ali, J., & Rashad Ali Bin-Hady, W. (2019). A study of
EFL students’ attitudes, motivation and anxiety towards WhatsApp
as a language learning tool. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ),
Special Issue on CALL, 289-298. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/
awej/call5.19
- Koca, F., Kılıç, S., & Dadandı, I. (2024). Attitudes towards distance
education and academic life satisfaction: The mediation role of
academic self-efficacy and moderator role of gender. Technology,
Knowledge and Learning, 29, 713-734. doi: 10.1007/s10758-023-
09645-x.
- Kuloğlu, M. E., & Yıldız, S. (2022). Undergraduates’ attitudes towards
distance education and perceptions of readiness for e-learning
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Turkish Online Journal of Distance
Education-TOJDE, 23(4), 121-130.
- Lamanauskas, V., & Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė, R. (2023). Distance
education quality: First cycle university students’ position.
Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(3), ep434. https://doi.
org/10.30935/cedtech/13243
- Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2005). Second language research:
Methodology and design. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
- Marjerison, R. K., Rahman, J. M., & Li, Z. (2020). Students’ attitudes
towards distance education: A comparative study between
Sino-foreign cooperative universities and typical universities in
China. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 25, 1-22. h t t p : / /
www.aabri.com/copyright.html
- Metruk, R. (2020). EFL learners’ perspectives on the use of smartphones
in higher education settings in Slovakia. Electronic Journal
of e-Learning, 18(6), 537-549. doi: https://doi.org/10.34190/
JEL.18.6.006
- Morozova, A. L., Byzina, Y. N., Trostina, K. V., & Godina, D. K. (2020).
Information technologies in foreign language education. European
Journal of Contemporary Education, 9(4), 827-838. doi: 10.13187/
ejced.2020.4.827
- Murphy, E., Rodríguez‐Manzanares, M. A., & Barbour, M. (2011).
Asynchronous and synchronous online teaching: Perspectives of
Canadian high school distance education teachers. British Journal
of Educational Technology, 42(4), 583-591. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-
8535.2010.01112.x
- Orhan, A., & Çeviker Ay, Ş. (2017). Uzaktan eğitim ile yürütülen
İngilizce yabancı dil dersi öğretim programını değerlendirme
ölçeği: Bir geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim
Dergisi, 7(3), 534-545. doi: 10.5961/jhes.2017.230
- Öneri Uzun, G., Çakıcı Eş, A., & Evram, G. (2020). Examination of
attitudes of university students in distance education according
to some variables. Near East University Online Journal of
Education, 3(2), 104-115.
- Öztaş, S., & Kılıç, B. (2017). Atatürk ilkeleri ve inkilâp tarihi dersinin
uzaktan eğitim şeklinde verilmesinin öğrenci görüşleri açısından
değerlendirilmesi. Turkish History Education Journal, 6(2), 268-
293. doi: 10.17497/tuhed.32797
- Peytcheva-Forsyth, R., Yovkova, B., & Aleksieva, L. (2018, December).
Factors affecting students’ attitudes towards online learning-
The case of Sofia University. Paper presentation at the 44th
International Conference on Applications of Mathematics in
Engineering and Economics, 8–13 June 2018, Sozopol, Bulgaria.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082043.
- Srichanyachon, N. A. (2013). Attitudes of undergraduate students
towards an online English class. Turkish Online Journal of Distance
Education, 14(2), 225-232.
- Tran, M. U. K. (2021, March). The attitudes towards distance
learning of Ton Duc Thang university students and teachers.
Paper presentation at the 17th International Conference of the
Asia Association of Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 22-
23/01.2021, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Unger, S., & Meiran, W. R. (2020). Student attitudes towards online
education during the Covid-19 viral outbreak of 2020: Distance
learning in a time of social distance. International Journal
of Technology in Education and Science, 4(4), 256-266. doi:
10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.107
- Yakar, L., & Yıldırım Yakar, Z. (2021). Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin
uzaktan eğitime karşı tutumlarının ve e-öğrenmeye hazır
bulunuşluklarının incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi
Dergisi, 17(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.781097
- Yang, Z. (2020). Education ecosystem in the information era. In Z. Yang
(Ed.), Education and mobilities (pp. 335-337). Singapore: Springer.
Türkiye Bağlamında İngilizce Hazırlık Sınıfı Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Tutumları
Yıl 2024,
, 162 - 176, 30.08.2024
Muhammet Ramazan Ekici
,
Çağla Atmaca
Öz
Bu çalışma, yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen Türk öğrencilerinin COVID-19 salgını sırasında uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutumlarını bazı demografik değişkenler açısından ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Araştırmaya İstanbul'da bir İngilizce hazırlık sınıfında okuyan 300 öğrenci katılmıştır ve veriler bir anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde dilen veriler betimleyici istatistik, bağımsız örneklem t-testi, tek yönlü ANOVA ve Scheffe Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutumlarının olumlu olduğunu ve öğrencilerin tutumları ile cinsiyet, yaş, İngilizce dil seviyesi ve bilgisayara sahip olma durumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak öğrenci tutumları ile internet kullanım süreleri, önceki uzaktan eğitim deneyimleri ve mezun olunan lise türleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Bulgular ışığında, gelecekte uzaktan yabancı dil eğitiminin kalitesini ve etkililiğini artırmak için yeni öğretim ve değerlendirme materyallerinin uyarlanması ve hibrit öğrenme ortamlarının kullanılması önerilmektedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Herhangi kurum desteklememiştir.
Proje Numarası
Herhangi proje kapsamında değildir.
Teşekkür
Herhangi kişiden maddi yardım alınmamıştır.
Kaynakça
- Ağır, F. (2007). Özel okullarda ve devlet okullarında çalışan
ilköğretim öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitime karşı tutumlarının
belirlenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Balıkesir
Üniversitesi, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
- Aktaş, Ö., Büyüktaş, B., Gülle, M., & Yıldız, M. (2020). Covid-19
virüsünden kaynaklanan izolasyon günlerinde spor bilimleri
öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime karşı tutumları. Sivas Cumhuriyet
Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 1-9.
- Al-Qaisy, L. M. (2021). Attitudes of students of Tafila Technical
University towards distance learning. Psychology and Education
Journal, 58(1), 5044-5051. doi: 10.17762/pae.v58i1.1728
- Altuntaş Yılmaz, N. (2020). Yükseköğretim kurumlarında Covid-19
pandemisi sürecinde uygulanan uzaktan eğitim durumu
hakkında öğrencilerin tutumlarının araştırılması: Fizyoterapi ve
rehabilitasyon bölümü örneği. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi
Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 15-20.
- Aslan, R. (2020). Tarihten günümüze epidemiler, pandemiler ve
Covid-19. Göller Bölgesi Aylık Ekonomi ve Kültür Dergisi, 8(85),
35-41.
- Ateş, A., & Altun, E. (2008). Bilgisayar öğretmeni adaylarının uzaktan
eğitime yönelik tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından
incelenmesi. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty
(GUJGEF), 28(3), 125-145.
- Azizah, A., & Nugraha, S. I. (2021). A qualitative study: Exploring EFL
students’ attitude towards learning writing during online learning
COVID-19 in Karawang Senior High School. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu
Pendidikan, 3(4), 2265-2270. doi: 10.31004/edukatif.v3i4.1188
- Basantia, T. K., & Village-Karhara, P. F. (2021). The attitude of learners
of practical based courses and learners of theory based courses
towards distance learning system. The Online Journal of Distance
Education and e-Learning, 9(1), 162-172.
- Benadla, D., & Hadji, M. (2021). EFL students’ affective attitudes
towards distance e-learning based on Moodle platform during
the Covid-19the pandemic: Perspectives from Dr. Moulaytahar
University of Saida, Algeria. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ),
Special Issue on Covid 19 Challenges, 55-67. doi: https://dx.doi.
org/10.24093/awej/covid.4
- Benhima, M. (2021). Moroccan English department student attitudes
towards the use of distance education during COVID-19: Moulay
Ismail University as a case study. International Journal of
Information and Communication Technology Education, 17(3),
105-122. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJICTE.20210701.oa7
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara:
Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
- Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W.
E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A.
Tashakkori and C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in
social and behavioral research (pp. 209-240). Thousands Oaks,
Calif.: Sage.
- Çakır, R., & Arslan, F. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim öğrencilerinin eş
zamanlı sanal sınıf ortamlarını kullanım niyetleri ile uzaktan
eğitime ilişkin tutumlarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim
Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(15), 114-133. https://doi.org/10.46778/
goputeb.732565
- Çakır, R., & Solak, E. (2015). Attitude of Turkish EFL learners
towards e-learning through Tam Model. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 176, 596-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
sbspro.2015.01.515
- Çelik, B., & Uzunboylu, H. (2015). High school students’ attitudes
towards distance education: Comparative study. Procedia-
Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 292-297. doi: 10.1016/j.
sbspro.2015.07.139
- Demir, B. (2020). Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim ile
yürütülen Matematik derslerine yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi.
International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal,
6(39), 2448-2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.31576/smryj.716
- Demir, Ö., & Narlıkaya, Z. (2020). Covid-19 salgını sürecinde muhasebe
ve finans derslerini alan öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin
tutumlarının araştırılması. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences
Research, 7(60), 2894-2904. doi: https://doi.org/10.26450/
jshsr.2104
- Desai, M. S., Hart, J., & Richards, T. C. (2008). E-learning: Paradigm
shift in education. Education, 129(2), 327-334.
Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Quantitative,
qualitative and mixed methodologies. New York: Oxford
University Press.
- Eela, L. (2020). Distance foreign language education in Finland:
A comparison of conceptions and attitudes toward the use
of distance education tools among foreign language teacher
students and distance EFL teachers (Unpublished master’s thesis).
University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,
Finland.
- Erarslan, A., & Zehir Topkaya, E. (2017). EFL students’ attitudes
towards e-learning and effect of an online course on students’
success in English. The Literacy Trek, 3(2), 80-101.
- Farooq, M. U., & Javid, C. Z. (2012). Attitude of students towards
e-learning: A study of English language learners at Taif University
English Language Centre. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 10(2),
17-28.
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and
evaluate research in education (7th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Galloway, N. (2017). Global Englishes and change in English language
teaching: Attitudes and impact. New York: Routledge.
- Hopkins, K. D., & Weeks, D. L. (1990). Tests for normality and measures
of skewness and kurtosis: Their place in research reporting.
Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50(4), 717-729.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164490504001
- Hussein, E., Daoud, S., Alrabaiah, H., & Badawi, R. (2020). Exploring
undergraduate students’ attitudes towards emergency online
learning during COVID-19: A case from the UAE. Children and
Youth Services Review, 119, 105699.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105699
- Ismaili, Y. (2021). Evaluation of students’ attitude toward distance
learning during the pandemic (Covid-19): A case study of ELTE
university. On The Horizon, 29(1), 17-30. doi: 10.1108/OTH-09-
2020-0032
- Kaban, A. (2021). University students’ attitudes towards distance
education. International Journal of Technology in Education and
Science (IJTES), 5(3), 311-322. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.241
Kaid Mohammed Ali, J., & Rashad Ali Bin-Hady, W. (2019). A study of
EFL students’ attitudes, motivation and anxiety towards WhatsApp
as a language learning tool. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ),
Special Issue on CALL, 289-298. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/
awej/call5.19
- Koca, F., Kılıç, S., & Dadandı, I. (2024). Attitudes towards distance
education and academic life satisfaction: The mediation role of
academic self-efficacy and moderator role of gender. Technology,
Knowledge and Learning, 29, 713-734. doi: 10.1007/s10758-023-
09645-x.
- Kuloğlu, M. E., & Yıldız, S. (2022). Undergraduates’ attitudes towards
distance education and perceptions of readiness for e-learning
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Turkish Online Journal of Distance
Education-TOJDE, 23(4), 121-130.
- Lamanauskas, V., & Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė, R. (2023). Distance
education quality: First cycle university students’ position.
Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(3), ep434. https://doi.
org/10.30935/cedtech/13243
- Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2005). Second language research:
Methodology and design. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
- Marjerison, R. K., Rahman, J. M., & Li, Z. (2020). Students’ attitudes
towards distance education: A comparative study between
Sino-foreign cooperative universities and typical universities in
China. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 25, 1-22. h t t p : / /
www.aabri.com/copyright.html
- Metruk, R. (2020). EFL learners’ perspectives on the use of smartphones
in higher education settings in Slovakia. Electronic Journal
of e-Learning, 18(6), 537-549. doi: https://doi.org/10.34190/
JEL.18.6.006
- Morozova, A. L., Byzina, Y. N., Trostina, K. V., & Godina, D. K. (2020).
Information technologies in foreign language education. European
Journal of Contemporary Education, 9(4), 827-838. doi: 10.13187/
ejced.2020.4.827
- Murphy, E., Rodríguez‐Manzanares, M. A., & Barbour, M. (2011).
Asynchronous and synchronous online teaching: Perspectives of
Canadian high school distance education teachers. British Journal
of Educational Technology, 42(4), 583-591. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-
8535.2010.01112.x
- Orhan, A., & Çeviker Ay, Ş. (2017). Uzaktan eğitim ile yürütülen
İngilizce yabancı dil dersi öğretim programını değerlendirme
ölçeği: Bir geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim
Dergisi, 7(3), 534-545. doi: 10.5961/jhes.2017.230
- Öneri Uzun, G., Çakıcı Eş, A., & Evram, G. (2020). Examination of
attitudes of university students in distance education according
to some variables. Near East University Online Journal of
Education, 3(2), 104-115.
- Öztaş, S., & Kılıç, B. (2017). Atatürk ilkeleri ve inkilâp tarihi dersinin
uzaktan eğitim şeklinde verilmesinin öğrenci görüşleri açısından
değerlendirilmesi. Turkish History Education Journal, 6(2), 268-
293. doi: 10.17497/tuhed.32797
- Peytcheva-Forsyth, R., Yovkova, B., & Aleksieva, L. (2018, December).
Factors affecting students’ attitudes towards online learning-
The case of Sofia University. Paper presentation at the 44th
International Conference on Applications of Mathematics in
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