Yükseköğretimde Kurumsal Sosyal Medya Kullanım ve Etkileşim Ölçeği
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 498 - 508, 31.12.2024
Hüseyin Sevgi
,
Oğuz Başol
,
Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi
Öz
Çalışmanın amacı, yükseköğretim kurumlarının sosyal medya kullanımını, içerik paylaşım biçimlerini ve kurumsal sosyal medya
hesaplarının öğrenciyle olan etkileşimini ölçmek için bir araç geliştirmektir. Anket çalışmasına Türkiye’deki bir devlet üniversitesinin farklı
akademik birimlerindeki 421 öğrenci katılmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme süreci literatür taraması, soruların hazırlanması, uzman görüşlerinin
alınması, pilot çalışma, odak grup görüşmesi, anketin uygulanması ve geçerlik ile güvenirlik çalışmasının yapılması aşamalarından
oluşmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri neticesinde ölçüm aracı “Paylaşım Beklentisi”, “Kullanım” ve
“Etkileşim” olmak üzere 3 faktör ve 15 madde şeklinde oluşmuştur ve varyans açıklanma oranı %65 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Cronbach’s
Alpha testi ile ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayısı 0.83 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Yükseköğretimde Kurumsal Sosyal Medya Kullanım ve
Etkileşim Ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu görülmüştür.
Etik Beyan
Kırklareli Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu’ndan 20.11.2020 tarih ve 35523585-199-E.17398 sayılı belge ile gerekli izinler alınmıştır.
Kaynakça
-
Adam P. & Alison B. Shields (2016): Social media in higher
education: understanding how colleges and universities use
Facebook, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, DOI:
10.1080/08841241.2016.1212451
-
Alexa, E. L., Alexa, M., & Stoica, C. M. (2012). The use of online
marketing and social media in higher education institutions in
Romania. Journal of Marketing Research & Case Studies, 2012, 1.
-
Ann Voss, K. & Kumar, A. (2013), “The value of social media: are
universities successfully engaging their audience?”, Journal of
Applied Research in Higher Education, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 156-172.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-11-2012-0060
-
Bagozzi, R.P. & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation
models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-
94.
-
Bayram, N. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS ile veri analizi. Bursa: Ezgi
Kitabevi.
-
Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W. Skolits,
G. J. & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical Considerations for Using
Exploratory Factor Analysis in Educational Research, Practical
Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18(6), 1-13.
-
Bélanger, C.H., Bali, S. & Longden, B. How Canadian universities use
social media to brand themselves. Tert Educ Manag 20, 14–29
(2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2013.852237
-
Bernal, P. A. (2010). Web 2.5: The Symbiotic Web. International
Review of Law, Computers and Technology, 24(1), 25– 37. https://
doi.org/ 10.1080/13600860903570145
-
Boateng, G.O., Neilands, T.B., Frongillo, E.A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H.R.,
Young, S.L. (2018). Best Practices for Developing and Validating
Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer.
Frontiers in Public Health 6:149. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
-
Campbell, C. (2015) “The Craft Consumer: Culture, Craft, and
Consumption in a Postmodern Society”, Journal of Consumer
Culture, 5, 1, 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540505049843.
-
Castaneda, L. V. & Castaneda M. E. (2023). Uses and abuses of social
media in higher education, In: International Encyclopedia of
Education (Fourth Edition). Elsevier.
-
Chang, Y. P., & Zhu, D. H. (2011). Understanding social networking
sites adoption in China: A comparison of pre-adoption and postadoption.
Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1840-1848.
-
Çömlekçi, M. F. (2020). Social media use among international students:
Cultural adaptation and socialization. TRT Akademi, 5(10), 668-
685.
-
Çömlekçi, M. F., & Başol, O. (2019). Gençlerin sosyal medya kullanım
amaçları ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Manisa
Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(4), 173-188.
-
De Vaus, D. A. (2002). Surveys in Social Research, Australia: Allen &
Unwin.
-
Dijck, J. (2013). The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social
Media. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
Forkosh-Baruch, A., & Hershkovitz, A. (2012). A case study of Israeli
higher-education institutes sharing scholarly information with
the community via social networks. The Internet and Higher
Education, 15(1), 58-68.
-
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation
models with unobservable variables and measurement error.
Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
-
Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: A critical introduction. First Edition.
Sage.
-
Gauntlett, D. (2011). Making Is Connecting: The Social Meaning
of Creativity, From DIY and Knitting to Youtube and Web 2.0.
Cambridge: Polity Press.
-
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E (2010). Multivariate
Data Analysis a Global Perspective (7th Ed.). USA: Pearson.
-
Hesel, R. A. (2013). The influence of social media sites on the college
search process. studentPOLL, Art & Science Group. http://www.
artsci.com/studentpoll/2013/september/
-
Hesel, R. A., & Williams, R. C. (2009). Social Networking Sites and
College-Bound Students.” StudentPOLL 7.2. College Board and Art &
Science Group, LLC, 23 Jan. 2009. Web. 16 Aug. 2010. https://www.
erhsnyc.org/ourpages/auto/2017/2/17/46167983/2014%20
AP%20Synthesis%20Task%20_1_%20social%20networking.pdf
-
Holotescu, C. & Gabriela, G. (2013). An empirical analysis of the
educational effects of social media in universities and colleges.
Journal of Online Learning Research and Practice 2 (1).
Kalaycı, Ş. (2008). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri.
Ankara: Asil Yayıncılık.
-
Karal, H., & Kokoç, M. (2010). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal ağ
siteleri kullanım amaçlarını belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçek geliştirme
çalışması. Turkish Journal of Computer abd Mathematics
Education, 1(3), 251-263.
-
Kümbetoğlu, B. (2015). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem
ve araştırma. Ankara: Bağlam Yayınevi.
-
Lau, W. W. F. (2017). Effects of social media usage and social media
multitasking on the academic performance of university students.
Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 286–291. doi:10.1016/j.
chb.2016.11.043
-
Laurer, L. D. (2006). ‘Advancing Higher Education in Uncertain Times,’
Council for Advancement and Support of Education, New York,
255 p.
-
Lund, B. (2019) Universities engaging social media users: an investigation
of quantitative relationships between universities’
Facebook followers/interactions and university attributes, Journal
of Marketing for Higher Education, 29:2, 251-267, DOI:
10.1080/08841241.2019.1641875
-
Manovich, L. (2001). The Language of New Media. Cambridge: MIT.
Mertala, P., López-Pernas, S., Vartiainen, H., Saqr, M. & Tedre, M.
(2024). Digital natives in the scientific literature: A topic modeling
approach, Computers in Human Behavior. Vol 152.
-
Okmeydan, S. B. (2020). Üniversitelerin Sosyal Medya Kullanımı:
İzmir’deki Devlet Ve Vakıf Üniversitelerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi.
Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 8(1), 73-96.
-
Özkan, A., Çiftçioğlu, G. A., Güzel, B. H., Başol, O. (2023). Validity and
reliability study of charity hazard scale. International Journal of
Disaster Risk Reduction, 99: 104100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijdrr.2023.104100.
-
Punyanunt-Carter, N. M., Cruz, J. D. L., & Wrench, J. S. (2018). Analyzing
college students’ social media communication apprehension.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(8),
511-515.
-
Ritzer, G. (2015) “Prosumer Capitalism”, The Sociological Quarterly,
56, 413-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/tsq.12105.
-
Ritzer, G. ve Jurgenson, N. (2010) “ Production, Consumption,
Prosumption: The Nature of Capitalism in the Age of the Digital
‘Prosumer”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 10, 1, 13-36. https://
doi.org/10.1177/1469540509354673.
-
Rutter, R., Roper, S., & Lettice, F. (2016). Social media interaction,
the university brand and recruitment performance. Journal of
Business Research, 69(8), 3096-3104.
-
Sample Size Calculator (2021). https://www.surveysystem.com/
sscalc.htm
-
Samur, S. (2020). Covıd-19 Pandemi sürecinde ankara’daki devlet
üniversitelerinin instagram kullanımları üzerine nicel bir
araştırma. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(6),
436-457.
-
Sevgi, H. (2021). Katılımcı kültür bağlamında kamu görevlileri
konfederasyonları ile i̇şçi konfederasyonlarının karşılaştırmalı
sosyal medya analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum, 2(69), 981-1004. https://
doi.org/10.54752/ct.1155060
-
Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş̧. Ankara:
Ekinoks.
-
Tabachnick, B. G.; Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics.
Boston: Pearson.
-
Taber, K. (2018). The use of cronbach’s alpha when developing and
reporting research instruments in science education, Research in
Science Education, 48(6), 1273-1296.
-
Tajudeen, F. P., Jaafar, N. I., & Ainin, S. (2018). Understanding the
impact of social media usage among organizations. Information
& Management, 55(3), 308–321. doi:10.1016/j.im.2017.08.004
-
Taşkın, B., & Çömlekçi, M. F. (2023). Building intercultural communication
competence in translator training: A metacognitive approach.
Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, (34), 111-130.
-
Taşkın, Ç. (2008). Pazarlama stratejilerinin oluşturulmasında marka
değerinin etkisi ve bir uygulama. (Doktora Tezi). Uludağ Üniversitesi
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
-
Tomaž, K., & Walanchalee, W. (2020). One does not simply … project
a destination image within a participatory culture. Journal of
Destination Marketing & Management, 18, 1-14. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100494
-
Yan, J. (2011). Social media in branding: Fulfilling a need. Journal of
Brand Management, 18(9), 688–696.
-
Yıldırım, A., Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma
yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.
-
Zhuang, W., Zeng, Q., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Fan, W. (2023). What makes
user-generated content more helpful on social media platforms?
Insights from creator interactivity perspective. Information
Processing & Management, 60(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ipm.2022.103201
Institutional Social Media Usage and Interaction Scale in Higher Education
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 498 - 508, 31.12.2024
Hüseyin Sevgi
,
Oğuz Başol
,
Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi
Öz
The study aims to develop a tool to measure the level of competency of higher education institutions in social media use and content
production, and the interaction of university social media accounts with students. A total of 421 students from different academic units
of a state university in Turkey participated in the survey. The development process of the scale consisted of the stages of literature review,
preparation of the questions, getting expert opinions, pilot study, focus group interview, application of the questionnaire, and conducting
the validity and reliability study. As a result of the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses carried out, the measurement tool was
formed as 15 items and 3 factors “Sharing Expectation”, “Usage” and “Interaction” and the explained variance rate was found 65%. With
the Cronbach’s Alpha test applied, the scale’s internal consistency was calculated as 0.83. As a result, the Institutional Social Media Usage
and Interaction Scale in Higher Education is a valid and reliable measurement tool
Kaynakça
-
Adam P. & Alison B. Shields (2016): Social media in higher
education: understanding how colleges and universities use
Facebook, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, DOI:
10.1080/08841241.2016.1212451
-
Alexa, E. L., Alexa, M., & Stoica, C. M. (2012). The use of online
marketing and social media in higher education institutions in
Romania. Journal of Marketing Research & Case Studies, 2012, 1.
-
Ann Voss, K. & Kumar, A. (2013), “The value of social media: are
universities successfully engaging their audience?”, Journal of
Applied Research in Higher Education, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 156-172.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-11-2012-0060
-
Bagozzi, R.P. & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation
models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-
94.
-
Bayram, N. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS ile veri analizi. Bursa: Ezgi
Kitabevi.
-
Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W. Skolits,
G. J. & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical Considerations for Using
Exploratory Factor Analysis in Educational Research, Practical
Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18(6), 1-13.
-
Bélanger, C.H., Bali, S. & Longden, B. How Canadian universities use
social media to brand themselves. Tert Educ Manag 20, 14–29
(2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2013.852237
-
Bernal, P. A. (2010). Web 2.5: The Symbiotic Web. International
Review of Law, Computers and Technology, 24(1), 25– 37. https://
doi.org/ 10.1080/13600860903570145
-
Boateng, G.O., Neilands, T.B., Frongillo, E.A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H.R.,
Young, S.L. (2018). Best Practices for Developing and Validating
Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer.
Frontiers in Public Health 6:149. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
-
Campbell, C. (2015) “The Craft Consumer: Culture, Craft, and
Consumption in a Postmodern Society”, Journal of Consumer
Culture, 5, 1, 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540505049843.
-
Castaneda, L. V. & Castaneda M. E. (2023). Uses and abuses of social
media in higher education, In: International Encyclopedia of
Education (Fourth Edition). Elsevier.
-
Chang, Y. P., & Zhu, D. H. (2011). Understanding social networking
sites adoption in China: A comparison of pre-adoption and postadoption.
Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1840-1848.
-
Çömlekçi, M. F. (2020). Social media use among international students:
Cultural adaptation and socialization. TRT Akademi, 5(10), 668-
685.
-
Çömlekçi, M. F., & Başol, O. (2019). Gençlerin sosyal medya kullanım
amaçları ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Manisa
Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(4), 173-188.
-
De Vaus, D. A. (2002). Surveys in Social Research, Australia: Allen &
Unwin.
-
Dijck, J. (2013). The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social
Media. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
Forkosh-Baruch, A., & Hershkovitz, A. (2012). A case study of Israeli
higher-education institutes sharing scholarly information with
the community via social networks. The Internet and Higher
Education, 15(1), 58-68.
-
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation
models with unobservable variables and measurement error.
Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
-
Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: A critical introduction. First Edition.
Sage.
-
Gauntlett, D. (2011). Making Is Connecting: The Social Meaning
of Creativity, From DIY and Knitting to Youtube and Web 2.0.
Cambridge: Polity Press.
-
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E (2010). Multivariate
Data Analysis a Global Perspective (7th Ed.). USA: Pearson.
-
Hesel, R. A. (2013). The influence of social media sites on the college
search process. studentPOLL, Art & Science Group. http://www.
artsci.com/studentpoll/2013/september/
-
Hesel, R. A., & Williams, R. C. (2009). Social Networking Sites and
College-Bound Students.” StudentPOLL 7.2. College Board and Art &
Science Group, LLC, 23 Jan. 2009. Web. 16 Aug. 2010. https://www.
erhsnyc.org/ourpages/auto/2017/2/17/46167983/2014%20
AP%20Synthesis%20Task%20_1_%20social%20networking.pdf
-
Holotescu, C. & Gabriela, G. (2013). An empirical analysis of the
educational effects of social media in universities and colleges.
Journal of Online Learning Research and Practice 2 (1).
Kalaycı, Ş. (2008). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri.
Ankara: Asil Yayıncılık.
-
Karal, H., & Kokoç, M. (2010). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal ağ
siteleri kullanım amaçlarını belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçek geliştirme
çalışması. Turkish Journal of Computer abd Mathematics
Education, 1(3), 251-263.
-
Kümbetoğlu, B. (2015). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem
ve araştırma. Ankara: Bağlam Yayınevi.
-
Lau, W. W. F. (2017). Effects of social media usage and social media
multitasking on the academic performance of university students.
Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 286–291. doi:10.1016/j.
chb.2016.11.043
-
Laurer, L. D. (2006). ‘Advancing Higher Education in Uncertain Times,’
Council for Advancement and Support of Education, New York,
255 p.
-
Lund, B. (2019) Universities engaging social media users: an investigation
of quantitative relationships between universities’
Facebook followers/interactions and university attributes, Journal
of Marketing for Higher Education, 29:2, 251-267, DOI:
10.1080/08841241.2019.1641875
-
Manovich, L. (2001). The Language of New Media. Cambridge: MIT.
Mertala, P., López-Pernas, S., Vartiainen, H., Saqr, M. & Tedre, M.
(2024). Digital natives in the scientific literature: A topic modeling
approach, Computers in Human Behavior. Vol 152.
-
Okmeydan, S. B. (2020). Üniversitelerin Sosyal Medya Kullanımı:
İzmir’deki Devlet Ve Vakıf Üniversitelerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi.
Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 8(1), 73-96.
-
Özkan, A., Çiftçioğlu, G. A., Güzel, B. H., Başol, O. (2023). Validity and
reliability study of charity hazard scale. International Journal of
Disaster Risk Reduction, 99: 104100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijdrr.2023.104100.
-
Punyanunt-Carter, N. M., Cruz, J. D. L., & Wrench, J. S. (2018). Analyzing
college students’ social media communication apprehension.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(8),
511-515.
-
Ritzer, G. (2015) “Prosumer Capitalism”, The Sociological Quarterly,
56, 413-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/tsq.12105.
-
Ritzer, G. ve Jurgenson, N. (2010) “ Production, Consumption,
Prosumption: The Nature of Capitalism in the Age of the Digital
‘Prosumer”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 10, 1, 13-36. https://
doi.org/10.1177/1469540509354673.
-
Rutter, R., Roper, S., & Lettice, F. (2016). Social media interaction,
the university brand and recruitment performance. Journal of
Business Research, 69(8), 3096-3104.
-
Sample Size Calculator (2021). https://www.surveysystem.com/
sscalc.htm
-
Samur, S. (2020). Covıd-19 Pandemi sürecinde ankara’daki devlet
üniversitelerinin instagram kullanımları üzerine nicel bir
araştırma. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(6),
436-457.
-
Sevgi, H. (2021). Katılımcı kültür bağlamında kamu görevlileri
konfederasyonları ile i̇şçi konfederasyonlarının karşılaştırmalı
sosyal medya analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum, 2(69), 981-1004. https://
doi.org/10.54752/ct.1155060
-
Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş̧. Ankara:
Ekinoks.
-
Tabachnick, B. G.; Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics.
Boston: Pearson.
-
Taber, K. (2018). The use of cronbach’s alpha when developing and
reporting research instruments in science education, Research in
Science Education, 48(6), 1273-1296.
-
Tajudeen, F. P., Jaafar, N. I., & Ainin, S. (2018). Understanding the
impact of social media usage among organizations. Information
& Management, 55(3), 308–321. doi:10.1016/j.im.2017.08.004
-
Taşkın, B., & Çömlekçi, M. F. (2023). Building intercultural communication
competence in translator training: A metacognitive approach.
Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, (34), 111-130.
-
Taşkın, Ç. (2008). Pazarlama stratejilerinin oluşturulmasında marka
değerinin etkisi ve bir uygulama. (Doktora Tezi). Uludağ Üniversitesi
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
-
Tomaž, K., & Walanchalee, W. (2020). One does not simply … project
a destination image within a participatory culture. Journal of
Destination Marketing & Management, 18, 1-14. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100494
-
Yan, J. (2011). Social media in branding: Fulfilling a need. Journal of
Brand Management, 18(9), 688–696.
-
Yıldırım, A., Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma
yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.
-
Zhuang, W., Zeng, Q., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Fan, W. (2023). What makes
user-generated content more helpful on social media platforms?
Insights from creator interactivity perspective. Information
Processing & Management, 60(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ipm.2022.103201