MEZOPOTAMYA’DA ANTROPOMORFİK TAPINIMDAN SİMGESEL TAPINIMA GEÇİŞ SÜRECİNDE ÜLKER TAKIMYILDIZININ ROLÜ VE İŞLEVİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 679 - 702, 30.11.2023

Serdar Özbilen

https://doi.org/10.9737/historystudies.1323282

Öz

Ülker, yedi nokta veya yedi yıldız olarak tasvir edilir ve mitolojik düzeyde yedi ilahi varlıktan oluşan gruplarla tanımlanır. Mezopotamya mitolojisinde yedi nokta ikonografisinin birçok varyasyonu vardır. Yedi nokta genellikle silindir mühürler, kil tabletler, steller ve sınır taşları üzerinde sahnenin üst kısmında, tanrı ikonografisinin yanında görülürler. Mezopotamya mitolojisinde Ülker ile temsil edilen sibittuların, mekânları ve insanları kötülüğe karşı koruyan özellikleri vardır. Şiddetli ve ürkütücü iblisler olmasına rağmen, sibittular özellikle, MÖ 2. binyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren giderek artan bir şekilde koruyucu rollerde görünmektedir. Bu grupla bağlantılı olan yedi nokta sembolü çoğunlukla Yeni Asur döneminden itibaren ortaya çıkar. Çalışmamızın amacı dinsel bir tapınımın normlarını baştan tanımlamaktan ziyade Mezopotamya'da tanrıların antropomorfik temsillerinden simgesel temsillere geçiş sürecini Ülker Takımyıldızı ve sibittular vasıtasıyla ve dinsel gelişimin insan doğasına uygun bir şekilde ilerlediğini gösterebilmektir. Bu alanda Türkçe kaynakların kıtlığı göz önüne alındığında mühür sanatı, stel, kabartma, ikonografi ve dinler tarihi alanında çalışan araştırmacılara yön vereceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeni Asur Gliptiği, Sibittu, Sebettu, Ülker Takımyıldızı, Yedi Nokta/Tanrı .

The Role and Function of the Pleiades Constellation during the Transition from Anthropomorphic Worship to Symbolic Worship in Mesopotamia

Öz

The Pleiades is depicted as seven dots or seven stars and is identified with groups of seven divine beings on a mythological level. There are many variations of the seven dots iconography in Mesopotamian mythology. The seven dots often appear on cylinder seals, clay tablets, stelae, and boundary stones at the top of the stage, next to the god iconography. Sibittu, represented by Pleiades in Mesopotamian mythology, have features that protect places and people against evil. Although fierce and formidable demons, sibittus appear increasingly in protective roles, especially from the second half of the 2nd millennium BC. The seven dots symbol associated with this group mostly appears from the Neo-Assyrian period. The aim of our study is to show the transition process from anthropomorphic representations of gods to symbolic representations in Mesopotamia, through the Pleiades Constellation and the sibittus, and that religious development proceeds in accordance with human nature, rather than redefining the norms of a religious worship. Considering the scarcity of Turkish resources in this field, it is thought that it will guide researchers working in the field of seal art, stele, relief, iconography and history of religions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neo Assyrian Gliptic, Sibittu, Sebettu, Pleiades Constellation, Seven Dots/Gods.

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• İnternet Kaynakları
• (https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG62905/Erişim Tarihi 26/11/2021).
• (https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG62905/Erişim Tarihi 26/11/2021).
• (https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG62905/Erişim Tarihi 26/11/2021).