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Yıl 2013, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 29 - 43, 28.03.2014

Mehmet Akalın

Öz

Scientific circles attempt to establish a consensus on climate change being a result of, increasing human activities since the 1970s. These efforts deadlock because of the complex and multi-dimensional relationship between climate and human activities. However climatologists reached a consensus that greenhouse gas emissions, caused by human activities, change world's climate will expeditiously in the long term. Global warming and climate change caused by Anthropogenic effects have devastating effects on people by sever natural disasters. Over the world large number of people are killed and injured or lose their health due to, natural disasters such as drought, floods, storms cyclone and typhoons. Moreover, natural disasters duo to global warming and climate change cause not only a number of new desease but also re-emergence of old fasion diseases like the plague. This study examines how natural disasters caused by global warming and climate change effect human health and what precautions should be taken in order to minimize the negative effects

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global Warming Climate Change Human Health Flood Drought Typhoon Cyclone

Kaynakça

  • ALEXANDER, D. (1993), Natural Disasters, University College London Press, London, United Kingdom.
  • AZİZ, K.M.A., HOQUE, B.A., HUTTLY, S., MINNATULLAH, K.M., HASAN, Z., PATWARY, M.K.,RAHAMAN, M.M. ve CAIRNCROSS, S.(1990), “Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education: Report of a Health İmpact Study in Mirzapur, Bangladesh”, Water And Sanitation Report Series, No. 1, World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, ss. 99.
  • BENNET, G. (1970), “Bristol Floods 1968: Controlled Survey of Effects on. Health of Local Community Disaster”, British Medical Journal, 1970, No. 3, ss. 454–458.
  • BOUMA, M.J, KOVATS, S.R., GOUBET, SA., COX, J., HAINES, A. (1997), “Global Assessment of El Nin˜o's Disaster Burden”, Lancet, No. 350, ss.1435-1458.
  • BOUMA, M. ve DYE, C. (1997), “Cycles of Malaria Associated With in Venezuela” Journal of American Medical Association, No. 278, ss.1772-1774.
  • BOUMA, M.J., DYE C., ve VAN DER KAAY, H.J. (1996), “Falciparum Malaria and Climate Change in the North Frontier Province of Pakistan”, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, No. 55, ss.131–137.
  • Canadian Instıtute Of Child Health. (2001), Changing Habits, Changing Climate, A Fondation Analysis, Prepared by: Wendy Enright, March, ss.71.
  • CHASE, J.M. ve T.M. KNIGHT. (2003), “Drought-İnduced Mosquito Outbreaks in Wetlands”, Ecology Lettters, No. 6, ss.1017-1024.
  • CHAUDHURY, S.K., GORE, J.M. ve RAY, K.C.S. (2000), “Impact of Heat Waves in India”, Current Science, No. 79, ss.153-155.
  • CHOUDHURY, A.Y. ve BHUIYA, A. (1993), “Effects of Biosocial Variable on Changes in Nutritional Status of Rural Bangladeshi Children, Pre- and Post-Monsoon Flooding”, Journal of Biosocial Science, No. 25, ss. 351–357.
  • COMBS, D.L., QUENENMOEN, L.E. ve PARRISH R.G., (1998), “Assessing Disaster Attributablemortalit Development And Application Of Definition and Classificationmatrix” Internaional Journal of Epidemiologie, No. 28, ss. 1124-1129.
  • GREENOUGH, G. (2001), “The Potential Impacts of Climate Variability and Change On Health Impacts of Extreme Weather Events in The United States”, Environmental Health Perspectives, No. 109 (Supplement 2), ss. 191–198.
  • GUHA-SAPIR D, Vos F, Below R, with Ponserre S. Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2011: The Numbers and Trends. Brussels, CRED; 2012, s. 16.
  • GUHA-SAPIR D, Vos F, Below R, with Ponserre S. Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2010: The Numbers and Trends. Brussels, CRED; 2011, s. 15.
  • GUHA-SAPIR, D., HARGITT, D. ve HOYOIS, H. (2004), Thirty Years of Natural Disasters 1974- 2003: The Numbers, UCL, Presses Universitaires de Louvrain, Louvrainla Neuve.
  • HEGERL, G.C., F.W. ZWIERS, P. BRACONNOT, N.P. GILLETT, Y. LUO, J.A. MARENGO ORSINI, N.NICHOLLS, J.E. PENNER, and P.A. STOTT, (2007), Understanding and Attributing Climate Change. In: Climate Change 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, ss. 663-745.
  • HERTSGAARD, M. (2001), Yeryüzü Gezgini, Çevresel Geleceğimizin Peşinde Dünya Turu, TEMA, Yayın No. 34. İstanbul.
  • IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Rescent Societies). (1999), World Disasters Report, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • IFRC/RCS(International Federation of Red Cross ve Red Crescent Societies). (1998), World Disaster Report 1997, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • HARI KUMAR, R., VENKAIAH, K., ARLAPPA, N., KUMAR, S., BRAHMAM, G.ve VIJAYARAGHAVAN, K., “Diet and Nutritional Status of the Population in the Severely Drought Affected Areas of Gujarat”, Journal of Human Ecology, 2005, No. 18, ss. 319-326.
  • MASON, J.B., BAILES A., MASON K.E., YAMBI O., JONSSON U., HUDSPETH C., HAILEY, P., KENDLE A., BRUNET D. ve MARTEL P. (2005), “AIDS, Drought, and Child Malnutrition in Southern Africa”, Public Health Nutrition, No. 8, ss. 551-563.
  • McMICMAEL, A., ve GITHEKO, A. (2007), Human Health, Executive Summary, Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, IPCC.
  • NICHOLLS, N., BUTLER, C. ve HANIGAN, I. (2005) “Inter-Annual Rainfall Variations and Suicide in New South Wales, Australia, 1964 to 2001” International Journal of Biometeorology, No. 50, ss.139- 143.
  • NICHOLLS, R.J. (2003), An Expert Assessment Of Storm Surge “Hotspots”. Interim Report to Center for Hazards and Risk Research, Lamont-Doherty Observatory, Columbia University. Flood Hazard Research Centre, University of Middlesex, London.
  • NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder). (1999), An Experiment in the Application of Climate Forecasts: NOAA-OGP Activities Related to the 1997–98 El Niño Event, US, Office of Global Programs, US Dept of Commerce 1999.
  • OFDA (Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance) / CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). (2001), The International Disaster Database, Brussels, Belgium, Université Catholique de Louvain.
  • PAHO (Pan American Health Organization) (1998), El Niño and its Impact On Health.
  • PAHO. (1999), “Conclusions and Recommendations: Meeting on Evaluation of Preparedness and Response to Hurricanes George and Mitch. Report of a meeting organized to evaluate the preparedness for response to Hurricanes George and Mitch”, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, ss. 39.
  • PALL, P., T. AINA, D.A. STONE, P.A. STOTT, T. NOZAWA, A.G. HILBERTS, D. LOHMANN, ve M.R. ALLEN, (2011), “Anthropogenic greenhouse gas contribution to flood risk in England and Wales in autumn 2000” Nature, No. 470, ss. 382-386.
  • PATZ, J. A ve OLSON, S. H., “Climate Change And Health: Global To Local İnfulunces On Disease Risk”, Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology, Sayı:100, ss. 535-549.
  • TÜRKEŞ, M. (2008), İklim Değişikliği ve Küresel Isınma Olgusu: Bilimsel Değerlendirme, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • SIDDIQUE, A.K. (1991), “1988 Floods in Bangladesh: Pattern of İllness and Causes of Death”, Journal of Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Vol. 9, No. 4, ss. 310–314.
  • WHITE, R. (2003),“Commentary: What can we Make of An Association Between Human İmmunodeficiency Virus Prevalence ve Population Mobility?”, International Journal of Epidemiology, No. 32, ss. 753-754.
  • WHO (2003), Climate Change and Human Health: Risk and Responses, Editörler: McMichael, A.J., Campbell-Lendrum, D.H., Corvalán, C.F., Ebi, K.L., Githeko, A.K., Scheraga, J.D., Woodward, A., World Health Organization, Geneva, 2003
  • VOS, F., J. RODRIGUEZ, R. BELOW ve D. GUHA-SAPIR, (2010), Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2009: The Numbers and Trends, Centre for Research on theEpidemiology of Disasters, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 29 - 43, 28.03.2014

Mehmet Akalın

Öz

Bilim çevrelerince 1970’lerden bu yana iklim değişikliğinin artan insan faaliyetleri sonucu oluşup oluşmadığı konusunda ortak uzlaşma oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çabalar, iklim ve insan faaliyetleri arasındaki ilişkinin karmaşık ve çok boyutlu oluşu nedeniyle çıkmaza girse de, iklim bilimciler insanların sebep olduğu sera gazı emisyonlarının uzun dönemde dünyanın iklimini hızlı bir şekilde değiştireceği konusunda büyük ölçüde fikir birliğine varmışlardır. Antropojenik sebeplerle meydana gelen küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğinin insanlar üzerindeki en yıkıcı etkileri ise, şıkça ve şiddetli şekillerde yaşanmaya başlayan doğal felaketler sonucunda oluşmaktadır. Kuraklık, Sel, Fırtına, Siklon ve Tayfunlar gibi doğal felaketler nedeniyle dünyanın dört bir yanında çok sayıda kişi ölmekte, yaralanmakta veya sağlıklarını kaybetmektedirler. Diğer taraftan, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği nedeniyle yaşanan doğal felaketler yeni birtakım hastalıkların yaşanmasına sebep olurken, veba gibi eski dönemlerde kökü kazınan hastalıklarında yeniden ortaya çıkmasına yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğinin sebep olduğu doğal felaketlerden fırtına, siklon, tayfun ve kuraklıkların insan sağlığını ne şekilde etkileyebileceği araştırılmış olup, bu etkileri en eza indirmek için yapılması gereken hususlara değinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel Isınma İklim Değişikliği İnsan Sağlığı Sel Kuraklık Tayfun Siklon

Kaynakça

  • ALEXANDER, D. (1993), Natural Disasters, University College London Press, London, United Kingdom.
  • AZİZ, K.M.A., HOQUE, B.A., HUTTLY, S., MINNATULLAH, K.M., HASAN, Z., PATWARY, M.K.,RAHAMAN, M.M. ve CAIRNCROSS, S.(1990), “Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education: Report of a Health İmpact Study in Mirzapur, Bangladesh”, Water And Sanitation Report Series, No. 1, World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, ss. 99.
  • BENNET, G. (1970), “Bristol Floods 1968: Controlled Survey of Effects on. Health of Local Community Disaster”, British Medical Journal, 1970, No. 3, ss. 454–458.
  • BOUMA, M.J, KOVATS, S.R., GOUBET, SA., COX, J., HAINES, A. (1997), “Global Assessment of El Nin˜o's Disaster Burden”, Lancet, No. 350, ss.1435-1458.
  • BOUMA, M. ve DYE, C. (1997), “Cycles of Malaria Associated With in Venezuela” Journal of American Medical Association, No. 278, ss.1772-1774.
  • BOUMA, M.J., DYE C., ve VAN DER KAAY, H.J. (1996), “Falciparum Malaria and Climate Change in the North Frontier Province of Pakistan”, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, No. 55, ss.131–137.
  • Canadian Instıtute Of Child Health. (2001), Changing Habits, Changing Climate, A Fondation Analysis, Prepared by: Wendy Enright, March, ss.71.
  • CHASE, J.M. ve T.M. KNIGHT. (2003), “Drought-İnduced Mosquito Outbreaks in Wetlands”, Ecology Lettters, No. 6, ss.1017-1024.
  • CHAUDHURY, S.K., GORE, J.M. ve RAY, K.C.S. (2000), “Impact of Heat Waves in India”, Current Science, No. 79, ss.153-155.
  • CHOUDHURY, A.Y. ve BHUIYA, A. (1993), “Effects of Biosocial Variable on Changes in Nutritional Status of Rural Bangladeshi Children, Pre- and Post-Monsoon Flooding”, Journal of Biosocial Science, No. 25, ss. 351–357.
  • COMBS, D.L., QUENENMOEN, L.E. ve PARRISH R.G., (1998), “Assessing Disaster Attributablemortalit Development And Application Of Definition and Classificationmatrix” Internaional Journal of Epidemiologie, No. 28, ss. 1124-1129.
  • GREENOUGH, G. (2001), “The Potential Impacts of Climate Variability and Change On Health Impacts of Extreme Weather Events in The United States”, Environmental Health Perspectives, No. 109 (Supplement 2), ss. 191–198.
  • GUHA-SAPIR D, Vos F, Below R, with Ponserre S. Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2011: The Numbers and Trends. Brussels, CRED; 2012, s. 16.
  • GUHA-SAPIR D, Vos F, Below R, with Ponserre S. Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2010: The Numbers and Trends. Brussels, CRED; 2011, s. 15.
  • GUHA-SAPIR, D., HARGITT, D. ve HOYOIS, H. (2004), Thirty Years of Natural Disasters 1974- 2003: The Numbers, UCL, Presses Universitaires de Louvrain, Louvrainla Neuve.
  • HEGERL, G.C., F.W. ZWIERS, P. BRACONNOT, N.P. GILLETT, Y. LUO, J.A. MARENGO ORSINI, N.NICHOLLS, J.E. PENNER, and P.A. STOTT, (2007), Understanding and Attributing Climate Change. In: Climate Change 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, ss. 663-745.
  • HERTSGAARD, M. (2001), Yeryüzü Gezgini, Çevresel Geleceğimizin Peşinde Dünya Turu, TEMA, Yayın No. 34. İstanbul.
  • IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Rescent Societies). (1999), World Disasters Report, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • IFRC/RCS(International Federation of Red Cross ve Red Crescent Societies). (1998), World Disaster Report 1997, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • HARI KUMAR, R., VENKAIAH, K., ARLAPPA, N., KUMAR, S., BRAHMAM, G.ve VIJAYARAGHAVAN, K., “Diet and Nutritional Status of the Population in the Severely Drought Affected Areas of Gujarat”, Journal of Human Ecology, 2005, No. 18, ss. 319-326.
  • MASON, J.B., BAILES A., MASON K.E., YAMBI O., JONSSON U., HUDSPETH C., HAILEY, P., KENDLE A., BRUNET D. ve MARTEL P. (2005), “AIDS, Drought, and Child Malnutrition in Southern Africa”, Public Health Nutrition, No. 8, ss. 551-563.
  • McMICMAEL, A., ve GITHEKO, A. (2007), Human Health, Executive Summary, Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, IPCC.
  • NICHOLLS, N., BUTLER, C. ve HANIGAN, I. (2005) “Inter-Annual Rainfall Variations and Suicide in New South Wales, Australia, 1964 to 2001” International Journal of Biometeorology, No. 50, ss.139- 143.
  • NICHOLLS, R.J. (2003), An Expert Assessment Of Storm Surge “Hotspots”. Interim Report to Center for Hazards and Risk Research, Lamont-Doherty Observatory, Columbia University. Flood Hazard Research Centre, University of Middlesex, London.
  • NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder). (1999), An Experiment in the Application of Climate Forecasts: NOAA-OGP Activities Related to the 1997–98 El Niño Event, US, Office of Global Programs, US Dept of Commerce 1999.
  • OFDA (Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance) / CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). (2001), The International Disaster Database, Brussels, Belgium, Université Catholique de Louvain.
  • PAHO (Pan American Health Organization) (1998), El Niño and its Impact On Health.
  • PAHO. (1999), “Conclusions and Recommendations: Meeting on Evaluation of Preparedness and Response to Hurricanes George and Mitch. Report of a meeting organized to evaluate the preparedness for response to Hurricanes George and Mitch”, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, ss. 39.
  • PALL, P., T. AINA, D.A. STONE, P.A. STOTT, T. NOZAWA, A.G. HILBERTS, D. LOHMANN, ve M.R. ALLEN, (2011), “Anthropogenic greenhouse gas contribution to flood risk in England and Wales in autumn 2000” Nature, No. 470, ss. 382-386.
  • PATZ, J. A ve OLSON, S. H., “Climate Change And Health: Global To Local İnfulunces On Disease Risk”, Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology, Sayı:100, ss. 535-549.
  • TÜRKEŞ, M. (2008), İklim Değişikliği ve Küresel Isınma Olgusu: Bilimsel Değerlendirme, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • SIDDIQUE, A.K. (1991), “1988 Floods in Bangladesh: Pattern of İllness and Causes of Death”, Journal of Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Vol. 9, No. 4, ss. 310–314.
  • WHITE, R. (2003),“Commentary: What can we Make of An Association Between Human İmmunodeficiency Virus Prevalence ve Population Mobility?”, International Journal of Epidemiology, No. 32, ss. 753-754.
  • WHO (2003), Climate Change and Human Health: Risk and Responses, Editörler: McMichael, A.J., Campbell-Lendrum, D.H., Corvalán, C.F., Ebi, K.L., Githeko, A.K., Scheraga, J.D., Woodward, A., World Health Organization, Geneva, 2003
  • VOS, F., J. RODRIGUEZ, R. BELOW ve D. GUHA-SAPIR, (2010), Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2009: The Numbers and Trends, Centre for Research on theEpidemiology of Disasters, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Akalın Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akalın, M. (2014). KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 29-43.
AMA Akalın M. KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ. hititsosbil. Mart 2014;6(2):29-43.
Chicago Akalın, Mehmet. “KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ”. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6, sy. 2 (Mart 2014): 29-43.
EndNote Akalın M (01 Mart 2014) KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6 2 29–43.
IEEE M. Akalın, “KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ”, hititsosbil, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 29–43, 2014.
ISNAD Akalın, Mehmet. “KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ”. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 6/2 (Mart 2014), 29-43.
JAMA Akalın M. KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ. hititsosbil. 2014;6:29–43.
MLA Akalın, Mehmet. “KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ”. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, 2014, ss. 29-43.
Vancouver Akalın M. KÜRESEL ISINMA VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE OLUŞAN DOĞAL FELAKETLERİN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ. hititsosbil. 2014;6(2):29-43.