Işık Algısı Olmayan Körlerde Sirkadiyen Ritim Nasıl Çalışır?

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 38 - 46, 28.08.2022

Zafer Şahin Ömer Faruk Kalkan Osman Aktas

https://doi.org/10.29228/HMJ.18

Öz

Vücutta, fizyolojik fonksiyonlar ve davranışlara etki eden ve dolayısıyla sağlık üzerinde önemli etkileri olan 24 saatlik sirkadiyen ritimler bulunmaktadır. Bu ritimler başlıca uyku-uyanıklık döngüsü, otonomik aktivite, endokrin fonksiyon ve immün sistem gibi önemli fizyolojik processleri düzenlemektedir. Biyolojik ritimle ilgili olarak master yapı hipotalamustaki suprakiyazmatik nükleustur (SCN). Bununla birlikte merkezi sinir sisteminde ve periferal vücut dokularında birçok sirkadiyen osilatörler mevcuttur. Bu osilatörler sirkadiyen ritmin fonksiyonel bütünlüğü için SCN’nin koordinatörlüğünde çalışmaktadır. Günlük retinal ışığa bağlı uyarılar, gece ve gündüz ritmi ve sirkadiyen saatlerin senkronizasyonu için gereklidir. Bu senkranizasyonda endokrin faktör olarak melatonin hormonu önemli bir role sahiptir. Melatoninin slgılanması SCN’ye ulaşan ışık sinyalleri tarafından düzenlenmektedir. Işık algısı olmayan birçok körde, SCN’nin ışık bilgisini alamamasına bağlı olarak sirkadiyen ritim senkronizasyonu bozulmaktadır. Bu gibi durumlarda ciddi düzeyde uyku bozuklukları görülebilmektedir. Bu durum non-24 Uyku-Uyanma Ritim Bozukluğu olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu bozukluğun tedavisi davranışsal terapi ve mediakal tedavi ile yapılabilmektedir. Medikal tedavide melatonin veya onun agonistleri kullanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sirkadiyen ritim, Körlük, Işık, Melatonin, Biyolojik saat

How Does the Circadian Rhythm Function in Blind People Who Have No Light Perception?

Öz

Circadian rhythms in the body affect physiological functions and behaviors and therefore have important roles on health. These rhythms mainly regulate important physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle, autonomic activity, endocrine function and immune system. Regarding biological rhythm, the master structure is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, many circadian oscillators are present in the central nervous system and peripheral body tissues. These oscillators exhibit their function under the coordination of SCN for the functional integrity of the circadian rhythms. Daily retinal light-dependent stimuli are essential for the rhythm of day and night and the synchronization of circadian clocks. In this synchronization, melatonin hormone has a major role as an endocrine factor. The expression of melatonin is regulated by light signals reaching to the SCN. In many blind people without light perception, circadian rhythm synchronization is impaired due to the inability of the SCN to receive light information. In such cases, serious sleep disorders can be seen. This condition is called non-24-Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder. This disorder can be treated with behavioral therapy and medial therapy. Moreover, melatonin or its agonists are used in medical treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Circadian rhythm, Blind, Light, Melatonin, Biological clocks

Kaynakça

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