ARAÇ SÜRÜCÜLERİNDEKİ AGRESİF DAVRANIŞLAR

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 119 - 127, 31.10.2020

Abdullah Sarman Emine Sarman

Öz

Motorlu taşıt kazaları tüm dünyada giderek artan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, motorlu taşıt kazalarını üçüncü dünya ülkelerinde unutulmuş bir salgın olarak rapor etmekte ve çeşitli önlemler alınması gerektiğini önermektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde motorlu taşıt kazalarında günde ortalama 112 kişi veya her 13 dakikada bir birey yaşamını yitirmektedir. Ülkemizdeki durum bundan farklı değildir. Yalnızca 2018 yılında meydana gelen 428,311 trafik kazasında 6,675 vatandaşımız yaşamını yitirmiştir. Trafik kazalarının çeşitli potansiyel nedenleri olmasına rağmen en önde gelen neden agresif sürüş davranışlarıdır. Agresif sürüş, ciddi bir sorun olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ölümcül kazalara neden olan agresif sürüş davranışları geçiş önceliği verememek, dikkatsiz-düzensiz sürüş, işaretlere uymamak ve yanlış dönüşler yapmak şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Bu tür davranışların sürüş konusunda deneyimsiz olmaları ve bir kaza anında yaralanma şiddetini azaltmak için nasıl tepki vermeleri gerektiğini bilmemeleri nedeniyle özellikle genç bireyler için çarpışma güvenliği açısından tehlikeli olabildiği belirtilmektedir. Agresif sürüş davranışı üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, agresif sürüş davranışını tetikleyen birtakım psikolojik ve durumsal faktörlerin olduğunu göstermiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda agresif sürüş davranışları ile kazalarda meydana gelen yaralanmaların şiddeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu derlemede, agresif sürüş davranışlarının tüm boyutlarıyla ele alınması, trafikte yaşanan saldırgan sürüş davranışının altta yatan nedenlerinin ve çözümünde neler yapılacağının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yaptığımız bu literatür incelemesinin sonucunda, agresif sürüş davranışlarının tüm boyutlarıyla ele alınması gerektiğini, saldırgan sürüş davranışının ve şiddet seviyelerinin azaltılmasını amaçlayan müdahale stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinin çözüme yönelik katkı sağlayacağını düşünüyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trafik, agresif sürüş, sürücü davranışları, kaza, yaralanma

AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS OF VEHICLE DRIVERS

Öz

Motor vehicle accidents are an increasingly important public health problem all over the world. The World Health Organization reports motor vehicle accidents as a forgotten epidemic in third world countries and recommends that various measures be taken. In the United States of America, an average of 112 people dies in motor vehicle accidents per day, or an individual dies every 13 minutes. The situation in our country is no different. There were 428.311 traffic accidents and 6.675 citizens lost their lives only in 2018. Although there are various potential causes of traffic accidents, the leading cause is aggressive driving behavior. Aggressive driving is considered a serious problem. Aggressive driving behaviors that cause fatal accidents can be listed as not giving priority to pass, careless-irregular driving, not following signs and making wrong turns. It is stated that such behavior can be dangerous in terms of collision safety, especially for young people because they are inexperienced in driving and do not know how to react to reduce the severity of injury as an accident develops. Research on aggressive driving behavior has shown that there are a number of psychological, personality and situational factors that trigger aggressive driving behavior. Studies have found that there is a significant relationship between aggressive driving behaviors and severity of injuries in accidents. In this review, it was aimed to investigate aggressive driving behaviors in all dimensions, to determine the underlying causes of aggressive driving behavior in traffic and what to do in its solution. As a result of this literature review we think that aggressive driving behavior should be tackled in all dimensions. We think that developing intervention strategies aimed at reducing aggressive driving behavior and violence levels will contribute to the solution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Traffic, aggressive driving, driver behavior, accident, injury

Kaynakça

• AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. (2009). Aggressive Driving: Research Update. Retrieved January 4, 2020, from http://www.aaafoundation.org/pdf/AggressiveDrivingResearchUpdate2009.pdf.
• Awadzi, K. D., Classen, S., Hall, A., Duncan, R. P., & Garvan, C. W. (2008). Predictors of injury among younger and older adults in fatal motor vehicle crashes. Accid Anal Prev, 40(6), 1804–1810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.07.010
• Bener, A., Yıldırım, E., Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2017). Driver sleepiness, fatigue, careless behavior and risk of motor vehicle crash and injury: Population based case and control study. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 4(5), 496–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2017.07.005
• Cohen, A., & Einav, L. (2003). The effects of mandatory seat belt laws on driving behavior and traffic fatalities. Rev Econ Stat, 85(4), 828–843. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465303772815754
• Cook, L. J., Knight, S., & Olson, L. M. (2005). A comparison of aggressive and DUI crashes. J Safety Res, 36(5), 491–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2005.10.010
• Dahlen, E. R., & White, R. P. (2006). The Big Five factors, sensation seeking, and driving anger in the prediction of unsafe driving. Pers Individ Dif, 41(5), 903–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.016
• Eluru, N., & Bhat, C. R. (2007). A joint econometric analysis of seat belt use and crash-related injury severity. Accid Anal Prev, 39(5), 1037–1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.02.001
• Hamdar, S. H., Mahmassani, H. S., & Chen, R. B. (2008). Aggressiveness propensity index for driving behavior at signalized intersections. Accid Anal Prev, 40(1), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.06.013
• Hasselberg, M., & Laflamme, L. (2009). How do car crashes happen among young drivers aged 18–20 years? Typical circumstances in relation to license status, alcohol impairment and injury consequences. Accid Anal Prev, 41(4), 734–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.012
• Herman, J., Kafoa, B., Wainiqolo, I., Robinson, E., McCaig, E., Connor, J., … Ameratunga, S. (2014). Driver sleepiness and risk of motor vehicle crash injuries: A population-based case control study in Fiji (TRIP 12). Injury, 45(3), 586–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2013.06.007
• Lajunen, T., Parker, D., & Summala, H. (1999). Does traffic congestion increase driver aggression? Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav, 2(4), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-8478(00)00003-6
• Lawton, R., Parker, D., Manstead, A. S. R., & Stradling, S. G. (1997). The role of affect in predicting social behaviors: The case of road traffic violations. J Appl Soc Psychol, 27(14), 1258–1276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01805.x
• Millar, M. (2007). The influence of public self-consciousness and anger on aggressive driving. Pers Individ Dif, 43(8), 2116–2126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.037
• National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2007). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Traffic Safety Fact Sheet 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2020, from http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810993.PDF
• Paleti, R., Eluru, N., & Bhat, C. R. (2010). Examining the influence of aggressive driving behavior on driver injury severity in traffic crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6), 1839–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.05.005
• Peden, M., Scurfield, R., Sleet, D., Mohan, D., Hyder, A. A., Jarawan, E., & Mathers, C. (2004). World Health Organization. World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention. Geneva, Switzerland.
• Preusser, D. F., & Leaf, W. A. (2003). Provisional license. J Safety Res, 34(1), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00079-8
• Schneider, W. H., Savolainen, P. T., & Zimmerman, K. (2009). Driver injury severity resulting from single-vehicle crashes along horizontal curves on rural two-lane highways. Transportation Research Record, 2102(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.3141/2102-11
• Shinar, D., & Compton, R. (2004). Aggressive driving: An observational study of driver, vehicle, and situational variables. Accid Anal Prev, 36(3), 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00037-X
• Simons-Morton, B., Lerner, N., & Singer, J. (2005). The observed effects of teenage passengers on the risky driving behavior of teenage drivers. Accid Anal Prev, 37(6), 973–982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2005.04.014
• Williamson, A., Friswell, R., Olivier, J., & Grzebieta, R. (2014). Are drivers aware of sleepiness and increasing crash risk while driving? Accid Anal Prev, 70, 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.007
• Yadollahi, M., & Jamali, B. (2019). Severity and injury characteristics among matched hospitalized motorcycle drivers and their passengers. Chin J Traumatol, 22(4), 223–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.08.007