Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Doyumunun ve Temel Bileşenlerinin İncelenmesi: Alanyazın Taraması

Öz

Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumu, bireylerin motivasyonunu ve davranışlarını etkileyen isteklerle ilişkili olan öz-belirleme kuramıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Öz-belirleme kuramına göre, bireyler bir görevi yerine getirirken hem dışsal hem de içsel olarak motive olduklarında, görevi sürdürme ve öznel iyi olma gibi olumlu sonuçlar meydana gelir. Öz-belirleme kuramı çerçevesinde, bireylerin motive edici ihtiyaçları, onların psikolojik beslenmeleri olarak düşünülebilir ve kişisel alanlarında bir şeyleri yapma ve kişisel alanlarındaki ihtiyaçlarını karşılama algıları vurgulanabilir. Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumundaki temel unsurlar arasında, özerklik, yetkinlik, ilişki kurma ve bu üç bileşene ilişkin yaşam doyumu potansiyeli sayılabilir. Yetkinlik, bireylerin çevreleri ile etkileşimdeki etkinlikleri ve yaşamındaki gereklilikleri (örneğin bir proje görevini bitirebilme gibi) yapabilme kontrolüne sahip olma duygusuyla ilişkilidir. Özerklik ise bireylerin eylemlerini isteyerek düzenleyebilme yeteneğiyle ilgilidir. Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumuyla ilgili başka bir unsur olan ilişki kurma, bireylerin karşılıklı saygı, güven ve duygusal bağlarla kişiler arası ilişkiler içinde olma isteğine işaret edebilir. Literatürde temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumuyla ilişkili unsurlara bakıldığında, “Maslow'un ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi”, “Psikolojik iyi oluş”, “Afetler” ve “Çeşitli motivasyon kaynakları” görülebilir. Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumuyla ilişkili unsurları göz önünde bulundurarak, bu unsurlardan nasıl faydalanılacağı konusunda etkinlikler düzenlenebileceği önerilmektedir. Örneğin, psikolojik danışma oturumlarında temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları karşılayan özerklik, yetkinlik ve kişilerarası ilişkilerin bileşenlerinin farkındalığını geliştiren bir etkinlik düzenlenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• temel psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumu
• özerklik
• yetkinlik
• ilişkisellik
• temel bileşenlerin danışmada kullanılması

An Investigation of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Its Basic Components: A Literature Review

Öz

Basic psychological needs satisfaction is closely related to self-determination theory, which is associated with desires that influence motivation and individuals’ actions. According to self-determination theory, when individuals have both extrinsically motivated and intrinsically motivated motivation while pursuing a task, positive outcomes such as task continuation and subjective well-being occur. Within the framework of self-determination theory, individuals’ motivating needs may be thought of as their psychological nourishment, and the perception of being able to do things and meet their needs in their personal space may be highlighted. Among the basic elements of basic psychological needs satisfaction, autonomy, competence, relatedness, and the potential for life satisfaction related to these three components may be counted. Competence is associated with individuals’ effectiveness in interacting with the environment and their sense of control in being able to accomplish tasks (such as completing a project assignment). Autonomy, on the other hand, is related to the individuals’ ability to regulate their actions voluntarily. Relatedness with others, which is another component of basic psychological needs satisfaction, may arise from individuals’ desire to be in relationships characterized by mutual respect, trust, and emotional connections with others. When looking at the elements associated with basic psychological needs satisfaction in the literature, “Maslow's hierarchy of needs,” “Psychological well-being,” “Disasters,” and “Various motivational sources” may be seen. Considering the elements associated with basic psychological needs satisfaction, it is suggested that activities may be organized on how to benefit from that. For example, an activity may be organized to develop awareness of the components of autonomy, competence, and interpersonal relationships involved in satisfying basic psychological needs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• basic psychological needs satisfaction
• autonomy
• competence
• relatedness
• utilizing the basic components in psychological counseling

Kaynakça

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