Dijital Teknolojinin Yansımaları: Ebeveyn Teknoferansı ve Sosyotelizmi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 753 - 778, 24.10.2021

Müge Akbağ , Banu Sayıner

https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.996220

Cited By: 7

Öz

Teknolojideki hızlı gelişim son yıllarda iletişim alanına da yansımıştır. Bilgisayarlar, tabletler, cep telefonları ve akıllı telefonlar kişilerin hayatlarının adeta her anında kullanılır duruma gelmiştir. Bu cihazlar günlük yaşama getirdikleri yeniliklerin ve kolaylıkların yanı sıra bazı sorunlara da neden olmaktadır. Teknoferans veya sosyotelizm (phubbing) bu sorunlardan olup, bireylerin özellikle sosyal ilişkilerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Technological (teknolojik) ve interference (müdahale/engel) kelimelerinden oluşan teknoferans, bir elektronik aletin kişilerin iletişimini kesintiye uğrattığı ya da zayıflattığı durum olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Phubbing (sosyotelizm) ise, phone ve snubbing (yok saymak) sözcüklerinin birleşiminden türetilmiş olup, bir kişinin diğer kişilerle birlikteyken telefonu ile ilgilenip onlarla iletişime geçmemesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu kavramların davranış olarak yansıması özellikle ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkilerinde görülmektedir. Toplumda çocukların ve gençlerin teknolojik cihazları en çok kullanan grup olduğu belirtilirken, anne-babaların da bu aletlerden yüksek oranda yararlandıkları araştırma bulgularıyla desteklenmektedir. Ebeveynlerin çocuklarının yaşamlarında birincil derecede model oldukları düşünüldüğünde; teknolojik aletleri kullanımlarının yaratacağı problemler önemlidir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, ebeveyn teknoferansı ve ebeveyn sosyotelizm davranışının ebeveyn-çocuk iletişimi ve çocuklar/gençlerin davranışları üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine alan yazındaki araştırmalar ışığında dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ardından ailede teknoferans ve sosyotelizmin azaltılmasına yönelik olarak uygulamacılara ve ileride yapılacak araştırmalar için araştırmacılara bazı öneriler getirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

teknoferans, sosyotelizm, ebeveyn, ebeveyn teknoferansı, ebeveyn sosyotelizmi

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

-

The Reflections of Digital Technology: Parental Technoference and Phubbing

Öz

The rapid development in technology is also reflected in the field of communication in recent years. Computers, tablets, mobile phones and smart phones have become used in almost every moment’s of people’s life. These devices cause some problems as well as the innovations and conveniences they bring to daily life. Technoference or phubbing is one of these problems and affects the social relations of individuals negatively. Technoference, consisting of the words technological and interference, is defined as the situation in which an electronic device interrupts or weakens the communication of people. Phubbing, on the other hand, is derived from the combination of the words phone and snubbing (ignoring), is expressed as the fact that a person is interested in her/his phone and not communicating with other people when they are with them. The reflection of these concepts as behavior is seen especially in parent-child relationships. Although it is stated that children and young people are the group that uses technological devices the most in society, it is supported by research findings that parents also benefit from these devices at a high rate. Considering that parents are the primary models in their children's lives, the problems caused by the use of technological devices are important. In this review study, it is aimed to draw attention to the negative effects of parental technoference and parental phubbing behavior on the parent-child relationship and the behavior of children/youth in the light of the studies conducted in the literature. Afterwards, some suggestions were made to practitioners in order to reduce technoference and phubbing in the family. Suggestions were also given to the researchers for further studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

technoference, phubbing, parent, parental technoference, parental phubbing

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

• Al-Saggaf, Y., & O'Donnell, S. B. (2019). Phubbing: Perceptions, reasons behind, predictors, and impacts. Human Behavior and Emerging Techologies, 1(2), 132–140. http://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.137.
• Aydoğdu, F., & Çevik, Ö. (2020). Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının sosyotelist davranışlarının, sosyotelizme maruz kalma ve yalnızlık düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Humanistic Perspective, 2(3), 219-230. https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.810850.
• Aykaç, S., & Yıldırım, Ş. (2021). Gelişen Dünyada nomofobi ve sosyotelist olma- sosyotelizme maruz kalmanın etkileri. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2021.21.60703-780598.
• Bai, Q., Bai, S., Dan, Q., Lei L., & Wang P. (2020a). Mother phubbing and adolescent academic burnout: The mediating role of mental health and the moderating role of agreeableness and neuroticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 155 (5), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109622.
• Bai, Q., Lei, L., Hsueh, F. H., Yu, X., Hu, H., Wang, X., & Wang, P. (2020b). Parent-adolescent congruence in phubbing and adolescents’ depressive symptoms: A moderated polynomial regression with response surface analyses. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.156.
• Bandura, A. (1961). Identification as a process of incidental learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63(2), 311-318.
• Bandura, A. (2021). Psychological modeling: Conflicting theories.New York: Routledge Press.
• Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63(3), 575-582.
• Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1963). Vicarious reinforcement and imitative learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(6), 601-607.
• Barrios-Borjas, D. A., & Bejar-Ramos, V. A. ve Cauchos-Mora, V. S. (2017). Uso excesivo desmartphones/teléfonos celulares: Phubbing y nomophobia. (Excessive use of smartphones/cell phones: Phubbing and nomophobia). Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 55(3), 205-206. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-92272017000300205.
• Bauer, N. S. (2018). Technoference over time and parenting. Pediatric Research, 84(2), 157–158. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-018-0059-z.
• Bulut, S., & Nazir, T. (2020). Phubbing phenomenon: A wild fire, which invades our social communication and life. Open Journal of Medical Psychology, 9(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmp.2020.91001.
• Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2016). How “phubbing” becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.018.
• Elias, N., Dafna Lemish, D., Dalyot, S., & Floegel, D. (2020). “Where are you?” An observational exploration of parental technoference in public places in the US and Israel. Journal of Children and Media, 15(3),376-388.https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2020.1815228.
• Ergün, N., Göksu, İ., & Sakız, H. (2020). Effects of phubbing: Relationships with psychodemographic variables. Psychological Reports, 123(5), 1578–1613. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119889581.
• Fu, X., Liu, J., Liu, R. D., Ding, Y., Hong, W., & Jiang, S. (2020). The impact of parental active mediation on adolescent mobile phone dependency: A moderated mediation model. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106280.
• Guazzini, A., Duradoni, M., Capelli, A., & Meringolo, P. (2019). An explorative model to assess individuals' phubbing risk. Future Internet, 11(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11010021.
• Hefner, D., Knop, K., Schmitt, S., & Vorderer, P. (2018). Rules? Role model? Relationship? The impact of parents on their children’s problematic mobile phone involvement. Media Psychology, 22(1), 82-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2018.1433544.
• Hong, W., Liu, R. D., Ding, Y., Oei, T. P., Zhen, R., & Jiang, S. (2019). Parents’ phubbing and problematic mobile phone use: The roles of the parent–child relationship and children’s self-esteem. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(12), 779-786. http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0179.
• Kalip, K. ve Çöl, M. (2020). Teknolojiyle bağlantılı yeni davranışsal bozukluklar. ESTÜDAM
• Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Mızrak Şahin, B., Çulha, İ., & Babadağ, B. (2015). Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions:A structural equation model. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 60–74.http://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.005.
• Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Mızrak Şahin, B., Çulha, İ., ve Babadağ, B. (2016). The virtual world’s current addiction: Phubbing. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 3(2), 223-269.https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0013.
• Konok, V., Bunford, N., & Miklósi, A. (2019). Associations between child mobile use and digital parenting style in Hungarian families. Journal of Children and Media, 14(1), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2019.1684332.
• Liu, K., Chen, W., Wang, H., Geng, J., & Lei, L. (2020). Parental phubbing linking to adolescent life satisfaction: The mediating role of relationship satisfaction and the moderating role of attachment styles. Child: Care Health and Development, 47(2), 281–289. http://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12839.
• Liu, Q., Wu, J., Zhou, J., & Wang, W. (2020). Parental technoference and smartphone addiction in Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of social sensitivity and loneliness. Children and Youth Service Review, 118, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105434.
• Liu, R. D., Wang, J., Gu, D.,Ding, Y., Oei, T. P.,Hong, W., Zhen, R., & Li, Y. M. (2019). The effect of parental phubbing on teenager’s mobile phone dependency behaviors: The mediation role of subjective norm and dependency intention. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 1059-1069.https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s224133.
• Matthes, J., Thomas, M., Stevic, A., & Schmuck, D. (2020). Fighting over smartphones? Parents’ excessive smartphone use, lack of control over children’s use, and conflict. Computers in Human Behavior, 116, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106618.
• McDaniel, B. T. (2019). Parent distraction with phones, reasons for use, and impacts on parenting and child outcomes: A review of the emerging research. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(2), 72–80. http://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.139.
• McDaniel, B. T. (2020). Technoference: Parent mobile device use and implications for children and parent-child relationships. Zero To Three, 41(2), 30-36.https://researchrepository.parkviewhealth.org/informatics/19.
• McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016a). “Technoference”: The interference of technology in couple relationships and implications for women’s personal and relational well-being. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5(1), 85-98. http://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000065.
• McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016b). Technology interference in the parenting of young children: Implications for mothers’ perceptions of coparenting. The Social Science Journal, 53(4), 435–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2016.04.010.
• McDaniel, B. T., & Drouin, M. (2019). Daily technology interruptions and emotional and relational well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 1-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.027.
• McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018a). Technoference: Parent distraction with technology and associations with child behavior problems. Child Development, 89(1), 100–109. http://doi:10.1111/cdev.12822.
• McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018b). Technoference: Longitudinal associations between parent technology use, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. Pediatric Research, 84(2), 210–218. http://doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0052-6.
• McDaniel, B. T., & Schramm, D. (2019). Technoference strategies: Managing family screen time. Families and Communities, November, 1-6.Erişim adresi: https://extension.usu.edu/relationships/files/techostrategies.pdf.
• McDaniel, B. T., Coyne, S. M., & Holmes, E. K. (2012). New mothers and media use: Associations between blogging, social networking, and maternal well-being. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(7), 1509-1517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0918-2.
• McDaniel, B. T., Galovan, A. M., Cravens, J. D., & Drouin, M. (2018). “Technoference” and implications for mothers’ and fathers’ couple and coparenting relationship quality. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 303–313. http://doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.019.
• Meeus, A., Coenen, L., Eggermont, S., & Beullens, K. (2021). Family technoference: Exploring parent mobile device distraction from children’s perspectives. Mobile Media & Communication, 9 (3), 1–21.
• Nazir, T., & Bulut, S. (2019). Phubbing and what could be its determinants: A dugout of literature psychology. Psychology, 10, 819-829. http://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2019.106053.
• Nazir, T., & Pişkin, M. (2016). Phubbing: A technological invasion which connected the world but disconnected humans. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(4), 175-182.https://doi.org/10.25215/0403.
• Niu, G., Yao, L., Wu, L., Tian, Y., Xu, L., & Sun, X. (2020). Parental phubbing and adolescent problematic mobile phone use: The role of parent-child relationship and self-control. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 1-7. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105247.
• Pancani, L., Gerosa, T., Gui, M., & Riva, P. (2020). “Mom, dad, look at me”: The development of the parental phubbing scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1-24. http://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520964866.
• Qiao L., & Liu, Q. (2020). The effect of technoference in parent-child relationships on adolescent smartphone addiction: The role of cognitive factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105340.
• Radesky, J. S., Kistin, J. K., Eisenberg, S., Gross, J., Block, G. Zuckerman, B., & Silverstein, M. (2016). Parent perspectives on their mobile technology use: The excitement and exhaustion of parenting while connected.Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 37(9), 694-701. https://doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000357.
• Radesky, S. J., Kistin, J. C., Zuckerman, B., Nitzberg, K., Gross, J., Kaplan-Sanoff, M., Augustyn, M., & Silvertein, M. (2014). Patterns of mobile devices use by caregivers and children during meals in fast-food restaurants. Pediatrics, 133(4), e843–e849. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-3703.
• Schneider, F. M., & Hitzfeld, S. (2019). I ought to put down that phone but I phub nevertheless: Examining the predictors of phubbing behavior. Social Science Computer Review, 1-14. http://doi.org/10.1177/0894439319882365.
• Stockdale, L. A., Coyne, S. M., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2018). Parent and child technoference and socioemotional behavioral outcomes: A nationally representative study of 10- to 20-year-old adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 219-226. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.034.
• Stockdale, L. A., Porter, C. L., Coyne, S. M., Essig, L. E., Booth, M., Keenan-Kroff, S., & Schvaneveldt, E. (2020). Infants’ response to a mobile phone modified stillface paradigm: Links to maternal behaviors and beliefs regarding technoference. Infancy, 25(5), 571-592. http://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12342.
• Sundqvist, A., Heimann, M., & Koch, F. S. (2020). Relationship between family technoference and behavior problems in children aged 4–5 years. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(6), 371-376.http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0512.
• Téllez-Carjaval, E. (2017). Families and Technologies: What about the phubbing in Mexico?. Horyzonty Wychowania, 16 (37), 59-69. http://doi.org/10.17399/HW.2017.163704.
• Toker, B., & Tuncay, N. (2020). Phubber-phubbee model: An analysis of phubbing behaviours. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in the World,10(2), 19-27.AND INSTRUCTIOL STUDIES IN THE WORLD
• Turkle, S. (2011). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. New York, NY: Basic Books.
• Ugur, N. G., & Koc, T. (2015). Time for digital detox: Misuse of mobile technology and phubbing. Procedia-Social Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1022-1031. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.491
• Wang, X., Gao, L., Yang, J., Zhao, F., & Wang, P. (2020a). Parental phubbing and adolescents’ depressive symptoms: Self-Esteem and perceived social support as moderators. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(2),427-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01185-x.
• Wang, X., Wang, W., Qiao, Y., Gao, L., Yang, J., & Wang, P. (2020b). Parental phubbing and adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetration: A moderated mediation model of moral disengagement and online disinhibition. Journal of Interpersonal Violence,25, 1–23. http://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520961877.
• Xie, X., & Xie, J. (2020). Parental phubbing accelerates depression in late childhood and adolescence: A two-path model. Journal of Adolescence, 78, 43–52.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.004.
• Xie, X., Chen, W., Zhu, X., & He, D. (2019). Parents' phubbing increases adolescents' mobile phone addiction: Roles of parent-child attachment, deviant peers, and gender. Children and Youth Services Review, 105, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104426.
• Xie, X., Guo, Q., & Wang, P. (2021). Childhood parental neglect and adolescent internet gaming disorder: From the perspective of a distal—proximal—process—outcome model. Children and Youth Services Review, 120, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105564.
• Yam, F. C., & İlhan, T. (2020). Modern çağın bütünsel teknolojik bağımlılığı: Phubbing. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.551299.
• Yıldırım, S., & Kişioğlu, A. N. (2018). Teknolojinin getirdiği yeni Hastalıklar: Nomofobi, netlessfobi, FoMO. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(4), 473-480. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.380640.
• Zhang, Y., Ding, Q., & Wang, Z. (2021). Why parental phubbing is at risk for adolescent mobile phone addiction: A serial mediating model. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, 1-7.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105873.