Yasın Labirentinde: Annelerin Çocuk Kaybı Sonrası Yas Deneyimleri

Büşra Kıyan; Sedat Işıklı

doi:10.32600/huefd.1610266

TR EN

Yasın Labirentinde: Annelerin Çocuk Kaybı Sonrası Yas Deneyimleri

Öz

Çocuğunu kaybetmek bir ebeveyn için en yıkıcı kayıplardan biri olarak görülebilecek bir deneyimdir. Türkiye bağlamında alan yazın incelendiğinde, çocuğunu kaybetmiş ebeveynlerin deneyimlerine ilişkin sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Bununla birlikte, kayıp yaşayan ebeveynlerin yas sürecindeki deneyimlerini ve gereksinimlerini anlamak, geliştirilebilecek müdahalelere ışık tutması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile çocuk kaybı yaşamış annelerin yas deneyimlerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Yas sürecinin ve anne-çocuk ilişkisinin öznelliğini ortaya koyabilmek üzere katılımcıların deneyimlerini derinlemesine analiz edebilmek amacıyla nitel bir yaklaşım olan yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analizden yararlanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda çocuğunu kaybetmiş altı katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış, bire bir ve derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda “kayıp sonrası yüzleşme ve kaçınma dinamikleri”, “devam eden annelik deneyimi” ve “destek arayışında sosyal çevrenin etkileri ve beklentiler” olmak üzere üç ana tema belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, çocuk kaybı yaşayan annelerin yüzleşme ve kaçınma ikilemleri, yas sürecinde devam eden annelik deneyimleri ve sosyal desteğin iyileştirici veya zorlaştırıcı etkileri üzerinden yas sürecindeki karmaşık duygusal ve ilişkisel dinamikleri ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma bulgularının bu konudaki önleyici çalışmalar ve klinik uygulamalar açısından önemi tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk kaybı , yas , ebeveyn yası , yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz

In the Labyrinth of Grief: Mothers’ Grief Experiences After Child Loss

Abstract

Losing a child is an experience that can be considered one of the most devastating losses for a parent. In the context of Turkey, there are very few studies on the experiences of parents who have lost their children, but understanding the experiences and needs of bereaved parents in this process, is crucial for informing the development of effective interventions. This study aimed to understand the grief experiences of mothers who have lost a child. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, a qualitative approach, was used to analyze the participants' experiences in depth in order to reveal the subjectivity of the mourning process and the mother-child relationship. In this context, semi-structured, one-on-one and in-depth interviews were conducted with six participants. Three main themes were identified. “Post-loss dynamics of confrontation and avoidance”, “the ongoing experience of motherhood” and “seeking support: the ipmact of social environment and expectations”. The findings explores the complex emotional and relational dynamics of grief in mothers, focusing on their struggles with the dilemma of confrontation and avoidance, the experiences of ongoing motherhood, and the healing or complicating effects of social support. The importance of the study findings for preventive and clinical practices in this regard is discussed.

Keywords

Child loss , grief , parental grief , interpretative phenomenological analysis

Kaynakça

Alam, R., Barrera, M., D’Agostino, N., Nicholas, D. B., & Schneiderman, G. (2012). Bereavement experiences of mothers and fathers over time after the death of a child to cancer. Death Studies, 36(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2011.553312
Arnold, J., & Gemma, P. B. (2008). The continuing process of parental grief. Death Studies, 32(7), 658-673. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180802215718
Barrera, M., D'Agostino, N. M., Schneiderman, G., Tallett, S., Spencer, L., & Jovcevska, V. (2007). Patterns of parental bereavement following the loss of a child and related factors. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 55(2), 145-167. https://doi.org/10.2190/OM.55.2.d
Barrera, M., O'Connor, K., D'Agostino, N. M., Spencer, L., Nicholas, D., Jovcevska, V., & Schneiderman, G. (2009). Early parental adjustment and bereavement after childhood cancer death. Death Studies, 33(6), 497-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180902961153
Bonanno, G. (2001). Grief and emotion: A social–functional perspective. M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, ve H. Schut (Yay. haz.), Handbook of bereavement research içinde (ss. 493-516). American Psychological Association.
Bonanno, G. A., & Kaltman, S. (2001). The varieties of grief experience. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(5), 705-734. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00062-3
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and Loss. Basic Books.
Brabant, S., Forsyth, C. J., & McFarlain, G. (1994). Defining the family after the death of a child. Death Studies, 18(2), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481189408252651
Braun, M. J., & Berg, D. H. (1994). Meaning reconstruction in the experience of parental bereavement. Death Studies, 18(2), 105–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481189408252647
Bulut Çevrim, G. (2021). Life after child's death: Three types of parental mourning [Doktora Tezi]. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara. https://hdl.handle.net/11511/93120

Caydı, S. (2024). Ani çocuk kaybı yaşamış ebeveynlerin yas süreçleri: Gömülü Teori yaklaşımı [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Christ, G., Bonanno, G., Malkinson, R., & Rubin, S. (2003). Bereavement experiences after the death of a child. R. E. Behrman ve M. J. Field (Yay. haz.), When children die: Improving palliative and end-of-life care for children and their families içinde (ss. 553-579). National Academy Press.
Davies, R. (2004). New understandings of parental grief: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(5), 506-513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03024.x
Dyregrov, A. D. K. (1999). Long-term impact of sudden infant death: A 12-to 15-year follow-up. Death Studies, 23(7), 635-661. https://doi.org/10.1080/074811899200812
Dyregrov, K., & Dyregrov, A. (2005). Siblings after suicide: The forgotten bereaved. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour, 35(6), 714-724. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2005.35.6.714
Egan, K. A., & Arnold, R. L. (2003). Grief and Bereavement Care: With sufficient support, grief and bereavement can be transformative. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 103(9), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200309000-00015
Ergun, T. D. (2023). Touching the grief: Does affectionate touch protect intimacy in couples who lost their child? [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Sabancı Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://risc01.sabanciuniv.edu/record=b3199883
Field, N. P., Gao, B., & Paderna, L. (2005). Continuing bonds in bereavement: An attachment theory based perspective. Death Studies, 29(4), 277-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180590923689
Flach, K., Gressler, N. G., Marcolino, M. A. Z., & Levandowski, D. C. (2023). Complicated grief after the loss of a baby: A systematic review about risk and protective factors for bereaved women. Trends in Psychology, 31(4), 777-811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00112-z
Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. S. Freud, & J. E. Strachey (Yay. haz.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud içinde (ss. 237-258). Vintage.
Gamino, L. A., Sewell, K. W., & Easterling, L. W. (2000). Scott and White grief study—Phase 2: Toward an adaptive model of grief. Death Studies, 24(7), 633-660. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180050132820
Gilmer, M. J., Foster, T. L., Vannatta, K., Barrera, M., Davies, B., Dietrich, M. S., Fairclough, D. L., Grollman, J., & Gerhardt, C. A. (2012). Changes in parents after the death of a child from cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 44(4), 572-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.10.017
Harper, M., O'Connor, R., Dickson, A., & O'Carroll, R. (2011). Mothers continuing bonds and ambivalence to personal mortality after the death of their child–An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 16(2), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2010.532558
Hunt, S., & Greeff, A. P. (2011). Parental bereavement: A panoramic view. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying, 64(1), 41–63. https://doi.org/10.2190/om.64.1.d
Jones, E. E. (2020). Continuing bonds: parent's experience of an ongoing relationship with their stillborn baby [Doktora Tezi]. University of Sunderland, Sunderland.
Kastenbaum, R., & Moreman, C. M. (2018). Death, society, and human experience. Routledge.
Keesee, N. J., Currier, J. M., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2008). Predictors of grief following the death of one's child: The contribution of finding meaning. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(10), 1145-1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20502
Keser, E. (2019). Kayıp yaşamış yetişkinlerde uzamış yas belirtilerinin süregiden bağlar, süregiden bağlara ilişkin bilişler ve anlamı yeniden yapılandırma çerçevesinde incelenmesi [Doktora Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara. http://hdl.handle.net/11655/12034
Keten, H. S., Gençoğlan, S., Dalgacı, A. F., Avcı, F., Satan, Y., Ölmez, S. ve Çelik, M. (2015). Gebelik kaybı sonrası akut stres bozukluğunun değerlendirilmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2), 226-232.
Klass, D. (1993). Solace and immortality: Bereaved parents' continuing bond with their children. Death Studies, 17(4), 343-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481189308252630
Klass, D. (1997). The deceased child in the psychic and social worlds of bereaved parents during the resolution of grief. Death Studies, 21(2), 147-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/074811897202056
Klass, D. (1999). Developing a cross-cultural model of grief: The state of the field. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 39(3), 153-178. https://doi.org/10.2190/BDTX-CYE0-HL3U-NQQW
Klass, D., Silverman., P.R., & Nickman., S.L. (1996). Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief (1. Bs.). Taylor & Francis.
Koocher, G. P. (1994). Preventative intervention following a child’s death. Psychotherapy, 31(3), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.31.3.377
Köksal, C. (2018). A qualitative investigation about the experiences of mothers who had perinatal birth and the experiences of their subsequent children [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://hdl.handle.net//11411/1342
Köneş, M. Ö., & Yıldız, H. (2020). The level of grief in women with pregnancy loss: A prospective evaluation of the first three months of perinatal loss. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2020.1759543
Laakso, H., & Paunonen‐Ilmonen, M. (2002). Mothers' experience of social support following the death of a child. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11(2), 176-185. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00611.x
Lalande, K. M., & Bonanno, G. A. (2006). Culture and continuing bonds: A prospective comparison of bereavement in the United States and the People's Republic of China. Death Studies, 30(4), 303-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180500544708
Lea-Kint, E. (2015). Women’s Experiences of Pregnancy Loss: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis [Doktora Tezi]. Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1723
Lichtenthal, W. G., Neimeyer, R. A., Currier, J. M., Roberts, K., & Jordan, N. (2013). Cause of death and the quest for meaning after the loss of a child. Death Studies, 37(4), 311-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2012.673533
Marwit, S. J., & Klass, D. (1995). Grief and the role of the inner representation of the deceased. Omega-Journal of Death and Dying, 30(4), 283-298. https://doi.org/10.2190/PEAA-P5AK-L6T8-5700
McCarthy, M. C., Clarke, N. E., Ting, C. L., Conroy, R., Anderson, V. A., & Heath, J. A. (2010). Prevalence and predictors of parental grief and depression after the death of a child from cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 13(11), 1321–1326. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2010.0037
Morrow, S. L. (2005). Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 250–260. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.250
Morris, S., Fletcher, K., & Goldstein, R. (2018). The grief of parents after the death of a young child. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 26, 321-338. 321-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-018-9590-7
O’Connor, K., & Barrera, M. (2014). Changes in parental self-identity following the death of a child to cancer. Death Studies, 38(6), 404–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2013.801376
Ostfeld, B. M., Ryan, T., Hiatt, M., & Hegyi, T. (1993). Maternal grief after sudden infant death syndrome. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 14(3), 156-162.
Öngay, E. (2019). Düşük yapan kadınların algıladıkları stres ile eş desteği arasındaki ilişki [Yüksek Lians Tezi]. Okan Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Pelacho-Ríos, L., Mayoral, S., Jorques-Infante, M. J., & Bernabe-Valero, G. (2025). Healing Through Support: Beneficial and Detrimental Practices in Parental Grief—A Qualitative Study. Behavioral Sciences, 15(4), 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15040535
Prigerson, H. G., Vanderwerker, L. C., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2008). A case for inclusion of prolonged grief disorder in DSM-V. M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, H. Schut, &W. Stroebe (Yay. haz.), Handbook of bereavement research and practice: Advances in theory and intervention içinde (ss. 165–186). American Psychological Association.
Rando, T. A. (1984). Grief, dying, and death (1. Bs.). Research Press.
Rodham, K., Fox, F., & Doran, N. (2013). Exploring ana-lytical trustworthiness and the process of reaching con-sensus in interpretative phenomenological analysis: Lost in transcription. International Journal of Social Re-search Methodology, 18(1), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2013.852368
Rogers, C. H., Floyd, F. J., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J., & Hong, J. (2008). Longterm effects of the death of a child on parents’ adjustment in midlife. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(2), 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.203
Root, B. L., & Exline, J. J. (2014). The role of continuing bonds in coping with grief: Overview and future directions. Death Studies, 38(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2012.712608
Rosenblatt, P. C. (1988). Grief: The social context of private feelings. Journal of Social Issues, 44(3), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02077.x
Sanders, C. M. (1980). A comparison of adult bereavement in the death of a spouse, child, and parent. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 10(4), 303-322. https://doi.org/10.2190/X565-HW49-CHR0-FYB4
Schiffman, D. D. (2019). Coping with the death of a child: An integrated clinical approach to working with bereaved families (1. Bs.). Routledge.
Shankar, S., Nolte, L., &Trickey, D. (2017). Continuing bonds with the living: Bereaved parents’ narratives of their emotional relationship with their children. Bereavement Care, 36(3), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/02682621.2017.1386400
Shear, K. & Shair, H. (2005). Attachment, loss, and complicated grief. Dev Psychobiol 47(3), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20091
Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research (1. Bs.). Sage Publications Ltd.
Smith, J.A., & Osborn, M. (2008) Interpretative phenomenological analysis. J.A. Smith (Yay. haz.) Qualitative Psychology: A practical guide to research methods içinde (ss. 53-80). Sage Publications Ltd.
Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. (2005). To continue or relinquish bonds: A review of consequences for the bereaved. Death Studies, 29(6), 477-494. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180590962659
Stroebe, M. & Schut, H. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies, 23(3), 197-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/074811899201046
Stroebe, M., Stroebe, W., Van De Schoot, R., Schut, H., Abakoumkin, G., & Li, J. (2014). Guilt in bereavement: The role of self-blame and regret in coping with loss. PLoS One, 9(5), e96606. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096606
Tanacıoğlu, B. (2019). Grief and bereavement experiences of couples with prenatal loss experience: examining psycho-social intricacies in a qualitative phenomenological study. [Doktora Tezi]. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara. https://hdl.handle.net/11511/27903
Volkan, V. D. ve Zintl, E. (2010). Gidenin ardından (1. Bs.). Oa Yayınları.
Wheeler, I. (2001). Parental bereavement: The crisis of meaning. Death Studies, 25(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180126147
Willig, C. (2008). Introducing qualitative research in psychology (2. Bs.). McGare Hill/Open University Press.
Yıldız, H., & Cimete, G. (2017). The effect of a grief support program on Turkish parents whose babies have died. Death Studies, 41(9), 602-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2017.1326541

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Klinik Psikoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Büşra Kıyan ^*
0000-0003-2601-2926
Türkiye

Sedat Işıklı
0000-0003-0455-7458
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

23 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Aralık 2024

Kabul Tarihi

4 Haziran 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1610266

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA29XK95BT

APA

Kıyan, B., & Işıklı, S. (2025). Yasın Labirentinde: Annelerin Çocuk Kaybı Sonrası Yas Deneyimleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2), 458-477. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1610266

Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

Yasın Labirentinde: Annelerin Çocuk Kaybı Sonrası Yas Deneyimleri

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

In the Labyrinth of Grief: Mothers’ Grief Experiences After Child Loss

Abstract

Keywords

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster