Araştırma Makalesi

Eğitim Düzeyi Değişkeni Bağlamında ‘Gibi’ Söylem Belirleyicisinin Kullanımı

Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1 30 Haziran 2021
PDF İndir
EN TR

The Use of Discourse Marker ‘Like’ in terms of Educational Level Variable

Abstract

This study aims to examine the frequency of the word ‘like’ and the functional uses of it as a discourse marker in the speeches of adult Turkish native speakers aged between 33 and 78 by considering the speakers’ educational levels. For this purpose, two different groups with different educational levels (elementary-middle school graduates and bachelor’s/master’s-doctoral degree holders) were comprised. Gender distribution was equal in these groups. The study included totally 56 participants, 28 females and 28 males. Face-to-face interviews were held with all participants in two different speech situations (prepared/ spontaneous) and these interviews were recorded. During the interviews, at least 300 words of speech data were obtained for each participant and these data were transcribed. At the end of the study, it was observed that the participants with higher educational levels used the word ‘like’ more frequently in both prepared and unprepared speech situations compared to the participants with lower educational levels. In the analyses regarding the functional uses of the discourse marker ‘like’, it was observed that ‘like’ could fulfill seven different functions as a discourse marker, such as emphasizing the old or repeated information, giving approximate numbers or quantity, explaining/exemplifying or requesting explanation/ exemplificiation, quoting other people’s or the speaker’s own ideas and feelings, serving as a filler during planning problems in speech, indicating doubt, suspect or uncertainty and directing focus on the shared information between the speaker and the listener. Participants with a higher educational level are significantly more likely to use the discourse marker ‘like’ for explaining/exemplifying or requesting explanation/ exemplificiation in the prepared speech situation, and in the unprepared speech situation, they used the discourse marker ‘like’ more in the function of giving approximate numbers or quantity compared to the participants with a lower level of education.

Keywords

Pragmatics , discourse markers , Turkish speech , educational level , like

Kaynakça

  1. Andersen, G. (1997). They gave us these yeah, and they like wanna see like how we talk and all that. The use of like and other pragmatic markers in London teenage speech. U. B. Kotsinas, A. B. Stenström ve A. M. Karlsson (Yay. haz.), Ungdomsspråk i Norden içinde (s. 82–95). Stockholm: MINS.
  2. Andersen, G. (2001). Pragmatic markers and sociolinguistic variation: a relevance-theoretic approach to the language of adolescents. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  3. Beeching, K. (2007). La co-variation des marqueurs discursifs bon, c'est-à-dire, enfin, hein, quand même, quoi et si vous voulez: une question d'identité? Langue Française, 154(2), 78–93.
  4. Blyth, C. Jr. vd. (1990). I'm like, “say what?!”: A new quotative in American oral narrative. American Speech, 65, 215–227.
  5. Brinton, L. J. (1996). Pragmatic markers in English. Berlin and New York: Mouton De Gruyter.
  6. Bu, J. (2013). A study of the acquisition of discourse markers by Chinese learners of English. International Journal of English Studies, 13(1), 29–50.
  7. Coşar, A. M. (2016). Türkçede -mış gibi yapmak: -sın eki. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 5(3), 1216–1224.
  8. Dailey-O’Cain, J. (2000). The sociolinguistic distribution of and attitudes toward focuser like and quotative like. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4(1), 60–80.
  9. Dalkılıç, L. Ç. (2015). Kültürbilim çerçevesinde Rus dilinde 'gibi' bağlacı ile yapılan benzetmeler ve deyimlerin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 55(1), 343–362.
  10. Dines, E. R. (1980). Variation in discourse -- 'and stuff like that'. Language in Society, 9, 13–31.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Altıparmak, A. (2021). Eğitim Düzeyi Değişkeni Bağlamında ‘Gibi’ Söylem Belirleyicisinin Kullanımı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 272-286. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.762458