Sociological (Im)Possibility of Deconstruction or Undecidable Aporia: Deconstruction and Sociology

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1, 31 - 45, 28.06.2024

Mustafa Ertürk

https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1254902

Öz

Deconstruction, introduced by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida to the intellectual and academic world, has guided discussions in different intellectual fields and academic disciplines in the twenty-first century world. Although deconstruction has been discussed extensively in different disciplines such as literature, architecture, theology and law, especially philosophy, sociology has tended to ignore Derrida and deconstruction notably or to express that the main problem of deconstruction is text and philosophy and has no dealings with or little relevance to social reality. This article examines the possibilities and impossibilities or aporias of sociological aspects of the philosophy of deconstruction, relying upon Derrida’s statements that deconstruction has been relevant to institutional and social since its inception. In this context, the study, which seeks to answer the question of whether deconstruction has a promise and contribution to sociology, has focused on the traces of the sociological edge in the broad outlines of Derrida’s deconstruction practice since the early period when he put deconstruction on his agenda. The first part of article focuses on the decisive criticisms in the literature of deconstruction being confined to the boundaries of a conceptual/textual pedagogy and its indifference to historical social reality. Thereafter, in the context of the research question, the relationship between Derrida’s presentation of deconstruction and social reality is analyzed within the framework of the concepts of writing and text. In the last part, the positioning of deconstruction to the social sphere and the practice of its intervention in the social and institutional are discussed. As a result, the transition and juncture points of deconstruction’s relationship with social and sociology appear as an undecidable aporia in an oscillation of an unstable tension of possibility and impossibility.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Deconstruction, sociology, philosophy, social, text, writing

Dekonstrüksiyonun Sosyolojik İmkân(sızlığ)ı ya da Karar Verilemez Açmaz: Dekonstrüksiyon ve Sosyoloji

Öz

Fransız filozof Jacques Derrida’nın entelektüel ve akademik dünyaya kazandırdığı dekonstrüksiyon yirmi birinci yüzyıl dünyasında farklı entelektüel alanlarda ve akademik disiplinlerde tartışmalara yön vermiştir. Dekonstrüksiyon, başta felsefe olmak üzere edebiyat, mimarlık, teoloji ve hukuk gibi farklı disiplinlerde yoğun bir şekilde tartışılsa da sosyoloji Derrida’yı ve özellikle dekonstrüksiyonu görmezden gelme veya dekonstrüksiyonun asıl sorununun metin ve felsefe olduğunu ve toplumsal gerçeklikle hiçbir ilişkisi olmadığı veya çok az ilişkisi olduğunu ifade etme eğiliminde olmuştur. Bu makale, dekonstrüksiyonun başlangıcından bu yana kurumsal ve toplumsal olanla ilişkili olduğuna ilişkin Derrida’nın ifadelerine dayanarak, dekonstrüksiyon felsefesinin sosyolojik yönlerinin olasılıklarını ve imkansızlıklarını veya açmazlarını incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda dekonstrüksiyonun sosyolojiye bir vaadi ve katkısı olup olmadığı sorusuna cevap arayan çalışma, dekonstrüksiyonu gündemine aldığı erken dönemden itibaren Derrida’nın dekonstrüksiyon pratiğinin geniş hatları içinde sosyolojik kenarın izlerine odaklanmıştır. Makalenin ilk bölümü, dekonstrüksiyonun kavramsal/metinsel bir pedagojinin sınırlarına hapsedilmesi ve tarihsel toplumsal gerçekliğe kayıtsız kalmasına yönelik literatürdeki belirleyici eleştirileri incelemektedir. Ardından araştırma sorusu bağlamında yazı ve metin kavramları çerçevesinde Derrida’nın dekonstrüksiyon sunumunun toplumsal gerçeklikle ilişkisi analiz edilmektedir. Son bölümde, dekonstrüksiyonun toplumsal alanda konumlandırılması ve toplumsal ve kurumsal alana müdahalesinin pratiği tartışılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, dekontrüksiyonun toplum ve sosyoloji ile ilişkisinin geçiş ve kesişme noktaları, istikrarsız bir olasılık ve imkânsızlık geriliminin salınımı içinde kararverilemez bir açmaz olarak görünmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dekonstrüksiyon, sosyoloji, felsefe, toplumsal, metin, yazı

Kaynakça

• Agger, B. (1989a). Fast capitalism: A critical theory of significance. University of Illinois.
• Agger, B. (1989b). Socio(onto)logy: A disciplinary reading. University of Illinois.
• Agger, B. (1992). The discourse of domination: From the Frankfurt School to postmodernism. Northwestern University.
• Agger, B. (2004). The virtual self: A contemporary sociology. Blackwell.
• Ajana, B. (2008). In defence of poststructural ethics in sociological praxis: Derrida, Lévinas and Nancy. Enquire, 1(1), 23-31.
• Attridge, D. (2005). Deconstruction today. Études anglaises, 58, 42-52.
• Balkin, J. M. (2016). Deconstructive practice and legal theory. P. Legrand (Yay. haz.) Derrida and law içinde (ss. 309-352). Routledge.
• Baral, K. C. (2018). Introduction. K. C. Baral, & R. Radhakrishnan (Yay. haz.), Theory after Derrida essays in critical praxis içinde (ss. 1-23). Routledge.
• Basile, J. (2018). Misreading generalised writing: From Foucault to speculative realism and new materialism. The Oxford Literary Review, 40(1), 20-37.
• Bauman, Z. (1992). Intimations of postmodernity, .Routledge.
• Bauman, Z. (1998). Sosyolojik düşünmek. (A. Yılmaz, Çev.) Ayrıntı Yayınları.
• Bauman, Z. (2003). Modemlik ve müphemlik. (İ. Türkmen, Çev.) Ayrıntı Yayınları.
• Beardsworth, R. (2007). The irony of deconstruction and the example of Marx. M. McQuillan (Yay. haz.), The politics of deconstruction Jacques Derrida and the other of philosophy içinde (ss. 212-234). Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press.
• Bellou, T. (2013). Derrida's deconstruction of the subject: Writing, self and other. Peter Lang AG .
• Bennington, G. (2000). Interrupting Derrida. Routledge.
• Bernstein, R. J. (2007). The new constellation: The ethical-political horizons of modernity/postmodernity. Polity Press.
• Bourdieu, P. (1988). Homo academicus. (P. Collier, Çev.). Polity.
• Bourdieu, P. (2015). Ayrım: Beğeni yargısının toplumsal eleştirisi. (D. F. Şannan, & A. G. Berkkurt, Çev.). Heretik Yayınları.
• Bourdieu, P. (2016). Sosyoloji meseleleri. (F. Öztürk, B. Uçar, M. Gültekin, & A. Sümer, Çev.). Heretik Yayınları.
• Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J.-C. (1967). Sociology and philosophy in France since 1945 - Death and resurrection of a philosophy without subject. Social Research, 34(1), 162-212.
• Boyne, R. (2009). Foucault ve Derrida: Aklın öteki yüzü. (İ. Yılmaz, Çev.) BilgeSu Yayıncılık.
• Bradley, A. (2008). Derrida’s of grammatology: An Edinburgh philosophical guide. Edinburgh University Press.
• Brothman, B. (1999). Declining Derrida: Integrity, tensegrity, and the preservation of archives from Deconstruction. Archivaria, 48, 64-88.
• Brown, R. H. (1987). Society as text: Essays on rhetoric, reason, and reality. University of Chicago.
• Bunge, M. (2013). The sociology-philosophy connection. Transaction Publishers.
• Burzyńska, A. (2019). Deconstruction, politics, performatics. (T. Anessi, Çev.). Peter Lang.
• Chernilo, D. (2014). The idea of philosophical sociology. The British Journal of Sociology, 65(2), 338-357.
• Colebrook, C. (2007). Graphematics, politics and irony. M. McQuillan (Yay. haz.), The politics of deconstruction: Jacques Derrida and the other of philosophy içinde (ss. 192-211). Pluto Press.
• Cooper, R. (1989). Modernism, post modernism and organizational analysis 3: The contribution of Jacques Derrida. Organization Studies, 10(4), 479-502. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068901000402
• Corlett, W. (1989). Community without unity: A politics of Derridian extravagance. Duke University Press.
• Critchley, S. (2014). The ethics of deconstruction: Derrida and Levinas. Edinburgh University Press.
• Denzin, N. (1991). Images of postmodern society. Sage.
• Derrida, J. (1979). Living on/border lines. H. Bloom, P. D. Man, J. Derrida, G. H. Hartman, & J. H. Miller (Yay. haz.), Deconstruction and Criticism içinde (J. Hulbert, Çev.). (ss. 75-176The Seabury Press.
• Derrida, J. (1981). Position. (A. Bass, Çev.). University of Chicago Press.
• Derrida, J. (1987a). The truth in painting. (G. Bennington, & I. McLeod, Çev.). University of Chicago Press.
• Derrida, J. (1987b). The post card. (A. Bass, Çev.). University of Chicago Press.
• Derrida, J. (1988a). Limited, Inc. (S. Weber, & J. Mehlman, Çev.) Northwestern University Press.
• Derrida, J. (1988b). Memoires for Paul de man (The Wellek Library Lectures). Columbia University Press.
• Derrida, J. (1989). In discussion with Christopher Norris. A. Papadakis, C. Cooke, & A. Benjamin (Yay. haz.), Deconstruction Omnibus Volume içinde (ss. 71-75). Acedemy Editions.
• Derrida, J. (1994a). Mochlos; or, the conflict of the Faculties. R. Rand (Yay. haz.), Logomachia: The conflict of the Faculties içinde (R. Rand, & A. Wygant, Çev.) (ss. 2-34). University of Nebraska Press.
• Derrida, J. (1994b). The spatial arts: An interview with Jacques Derrida. P. Brunette, & D. Wills (Yay. haz.), Deconstruction and the visual arts: art, media, architecture içinde (ss. 9-32). Cambridge University Press.
• Derrida, J. (1994c). Some statements and truisms about neo-logisms, newisms, postisms, parasitisms, and other small seismisms. D. Carroll (Yay. haz.), The States of “Theory”: History, art and critical discourse içinde (A. Tomiche, Çev.) (ss. 63-95). Stanford University Press.
• Derrida, J. (1995a). Points...: interviews, 1974-1994. (E. Weber, & P. K. others, Çev.) Stanford University Press.
• Derrida, J. (1995b). The time is out of joint. Deconstruction Is/In America içinde (ss. 14-38). New York University Press.
• Derrida, J. (1997a). Of grammatology. (G. C. Spivak, Çev.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Derrida, J. (1997b). The Villanova roundtable: A conversation with Jacques Derrida. J. D. Caputo (Yay. haz.), Deconstruction in a nutshell: A conversation with Jacques Derrida içinde (ss. 3-28). Fordham University Press.
• Derrida, J. (1998). Resistances of Psychoanalysis. (P. Kamuf, P.-A. Brault, & M. Naas, Çev.) Stanford university Press.
• Derrida, J. (1999). Hospitality, justice and responsibility: A dialogue with Jacques Derrida. M. Dooley, & R. Kearney (Yay. haz.), Questioning ethics: Contemporary debates in continental philosophy içinde (ss. 65-65). Routledge.
• Derrida, J. (2002). Privilege: Justificatory title and introductory remarks. J. Derrida, W. Hamacher, & D. E. Wellbery (Yay. haz.), Who’s afraid of philosophy: Right to philosophy 1 içinde (J. Plug, Çev.) (ss. 1-66). Stanford University Press.
• Derrida, J. (2004). Punctuations: The time of a thesis. W. H. Wellbery (Yay. haz.), Eyes of the university: Right to philosophy 2 içinde (J. P. Others, Çev.) (ss. 113-128). Stanford University Press.
• Derrida, J. (2005a). Paper machine. (R. Bowlby, Çev.). Stanford University Press.
• Derrida, J. (2005b). Authorship, sovereignty and the axiomatics of the interview: Derrida ‘Live'. J. Smith (Yay. haz.), Jacques Derrida: Live theory içinde (ss. 104-117). Continuum.
• Derrida, J. (2007). Psyche: Invention of the other. J. Derrida, K. Peggy, & R. Elizabeth (Yay. haz.), Psyche: Inventions of the other volume 1 içinde (P. Catherine, Çev.) (ss. 1-47). Stanford University.
• Derrida, J. (2008). Otoimmünite: Gerçek ve simgesel intiharlar. G. Borradori (Yay. haz.), Terör günlerinde felsefe: Jürgen Habermas ve Jacques Derrida ile diyaloglar içinde (E. Barca, Çev.) (ss. 112-174). Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
• Derrida, J. (2010a). Yasanın gücü: Otoritenin mistik temeli. A. Çelebi (Yay. haz.), Şiddetin eleştirisi üzerine içinde (Z. Direk, Çev.) (ss. 43-133). Metis.
• Derrida, J. (2010b). Gramatoloji. (İ. Birkan, Çev.). BilgeSu.
• Derrida, J. (2013a). But, beyond . . . (Open Letter to Anne McClintock and Rob Nixon). J. Derrida, & J. Williams (Yay. haz.), Signature Derrida içinde (P. Kamuf, Çev.) (ss. 63-80). University of Chicago Press.
• Derrida, J. (2013b). Biodegradables seven diary fragments. J. Derrida, & J. Williams (Yay. haz.), Signature Derrida içinde (P. Kamuf, Çev.) (ss. 152-219). University of Chicago Press.
• Derrida, J., & Ewald, F. (1995). A Certain ‘madness’ must watch over thinking. Educational Theory, 45(3), 273-291.
• Derrida, J., & Ferraris, M. (2002). A taste for the secret. (G. Donis, D. Webb, Dü, & G. Donis, Çev.). Polity Press.
• Dews, P. (2007). Logics of disintegration: Poststructuralist thought and the claims of critical theory. Verso.
• Dienst, R. (1994). Sending Postcards in TV Land. P. Brunette, & D. Wills (Yay. haz.), deconstruction and the visual arts: Art, media, architecture içinde (ss. 296-307). Cambridge University Press.
• Dumont, C. W. (1998). The analytical and political utility of poststructuralism: considering. Affirmative action. Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, 23(2/3), 217-237.
• Eagleton, T. (1984). The function of criticism. Verso.
• Ertürk, M. (2022). Sosyolojide metafor metaforda toplum: Toplumsal teorinin temsil rejimi ve metafor mimarisi. Çizgi Kitabevi.
• Ferraris, M. (2018). The documental revolution and the archives of the future. J.-M. Rabaté (Yay. haz.), After Derrida literary criticism in the 21st century içinde (ss. 212-225). Cambridge University Press.
• Ferraris, M. (2019). The universal blackboard. A. Kanev (Yay. haz.), New realism problems and perspectives (ss. 63-72). St. Kliment Ohridski University Press.
• Flaherty, P. (1986). (Con)textual contest: Derrida and Foucault on madness and the Cartesian subject. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 16(2), 157-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/004839318601600201
• Foucault, M. (2005a). Derrida'ya cevap. F. Keskin (Yay. haz.), Büyük kapatılma içinde (I. Ergüden, Çev.) (ss. 31-47). Ayrıntı.
• Foucault, M. (2005b). Gövdem, bu kağıt, bu ateş. F. Keskin (Yay. haz.), Büyük kapatılma içinde (I. Ergüden, Çev.) (ss. 47-75). Ayrıntı.
• Foucault, M. (2006). Deliliğin tarihi. (M. A. Kılıçbay, Çev.). İmge Kitabevi.
• Frow, J. (1986). Marxism and literary history. Harvard University Press (HUP).
• Game, A. (1991). Undoing the social: Towards a deconstructive sociology. University of Toronto.
• Gaston, S. (2011). Introduction. S. Gaston, & I. Maclachlan (Yay. haz.), Reading Derrida’s of grammatology içinde (ss. xiii-xxvii). Continuum.
• Gehring, P. (2016). The Jurisprudence of the "Force of Law". P. Legrand (Yay. haz.), Derrida and law içinde (ss. 117-132). New York: Routledge.
• Goldgaber, D. (2021). Speculative grammatology deconstruction and the new materialism. Edinburgh University Press.
• Gormley, S. (2020). Deliberative theory and deconstruction: A democratic venture. Edinburgh University Press.
• Grosz, E. (1989). Sexual subversions: Three French feminists. Allen and Unwin.
• Habermas, J. (2000). The philosophical discourse of modernity twelve lectures. (F. Lawrence, Çev.). MIT Press.
• Habermas, J. (2006). A last farewell: Derrida’s enlightening impact. L. Thomassen (Yay. haz.), The Derrida-Habermas reader içinde (M. Hill, Çev.) (ss. 307-308). Edinburgh University Press.
• Harrington, A. (2009). ‘Messianicity’ in social theory? A critique of a thesis of Jacques Derrida. Thesis Eleven, 98, 52–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513609105483
• Hill, L. (2007). The cambridge introduction to Jacques Derrida. Cambridge University Press.
• Irwin, J. (2013). Derrida and educational research: An introduction. M. Murphy (Yay. haz.), Social theory and education research: Understanding Foucault, Habermas, Bourdieu and Derrida içinde (ss. 171-183). Routledge.
• Jameson, F. (1999). Marx's purloined letter. M. Sprinker (Yay. haz.), Ghostly demarcations içinde (ss. 26-67). Verso.
• Johnson, C. (1993). System and writing in the philosophy of Jacques Derrida. Cambridge University Press.
• Karavanta, M., & Morgan, N. (2008). Introduction: Humanism, hybridity and democratic Praxis. M. Karavanta, & N. Morgan (Yay. haz.), Edward Said and Jacques Derrida: Reconstellating humanism and the global hybrid içinde (ss. 1-21). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
• Kates, J. (2005). Essential history: Jacques Derrida and the development of deconstruction. Northwestern University Press.
• Kelly, C. J. (1999). Affirming the indeterminable: Deconstruction, sociology, and Tobias Wolff's ‘Say Yes’. Mosaic, 32(1), 149-166.
• Kelly, C. J. (2013). The name of sociology and the trace of Derrida. M. Caputi, & J. Vincent J. Del Casino (Yay. haz.), Derrida and the future of the liberal arts içinde (ss. 169-193). Bloomsbury.
• Leledakis, K. (2000). Derrida, deconstruction and social theory. European Journal of Social Theory, 3(2), 175-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684310022224750
• Lentricchia, F. (1983). Criticism and social change. The University of Chicago Press.
• Loesberg, J. (1997). Bourdieu’s Derrida’s Kant: The aesthetics of refusing aesthetics. Modern Language Quarterly, 58(4), 417-436. https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-58-4-417
• Lüdemann, S. (2014). Politics of Deconstruction: A New Introduction to Jacques Derrida. (E. Butler, Çev.) California: Stanford University Press.
• Macherey, P. (2016). The Foucault-Derrida debate on the argument concerning madness and dreams. Foucault/Derrida fifty years later: The futures of genealogy, deconstruction, and politics içinde (S. Haddad, J. Cazenave, & O. Custer, Çev.) (ss. 3-20). Columbia University Press.
• McCarthy, T. (1993). Ideals and illusions: On reconstruction and deconstruction in contemporary critical theory. MIT Press.
• McGushin, E. (2016). Deconstruction, care of the self, spirituality: Putting Foucault and Derrida to the test. Y. Aryal, V. W. Cisney, N. Morar, & C. Penfield (Yay. haz.), Between Foucault and Derrida içinde (ss. 103-122). Edinburgh University Press.
• McQuillan, M. (2000). Introduction: Five strategies for deconstruction. M. McQuillan (Yay. haz.), Deconstruction: A reader içinde (ss. 1-43). Routledge.
• Nealon, J. T. (2012). Post-postmodernism: or, the cultural logic of just-in-time capitalism. Stanford University Press.
• Newman, S. (2005). Power and politics in poststructuralist thought new theories of the political. New York: Routledge.
• Norrie, A. (2005). Law and the beautiful soul. The GlassHouse Press.
• Orchard, V. (2011). Jacques Derrida and the institution of French philosophy. Legenda.
• Palmer, A. L. (2008). Historical dictionary of architecture. The Scarecrow Press.
• Payne, M. (1993 ). Reading theory: An introduction to Lacan, Derrida and Kristeva . Blackwell.
• Penfield, C. (2016). Introduction: Between Foucault and Derrida. Y. Aryal, V. W. Cisney, N. Morar, & C. Penfield (Yay. haz.), Between Foucault and Derrida içinde (ss. 1-27). Edinburgh University Press.
• Peters, M. A., & P.Trifonas, P. (2005). The humanities in deconstruction. P. P. Trifonas, & M. A. Peters (Yay. haz.), Deconstructing Derrida: Tasks for the New Humanities içinde (ss. 1-10). MacMillan.
• Rapaport, H. (2003). Later Derrida: Reading the recent work. Routledge.
• Rasche, A. (2011). Organizing Derrida organizing: Deconstruction and organization theory. H. Tsoukas, & R. Chia (Yay. haz), Phiosophy and organization theory (Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Volume 32) içinde (ss. 251-280). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
• Roudinesco, E. (2008). Philosophy in turbulent times: Canguilhem, Sartre, Foucault, Althusser, Deleuze, Derrida. (W. McCuaig, Çev.). Colombia University Press.
• Royle, N. (2000). What is deconstruction. N. Royle (Yay. haz.), Deconstructions: A user’s guide, içinde (ss. 1-13). Palgrave.
• Said, E. W. (2000). Kış ruhu. (T. Birkan, Çev.). Ayıntı.
• Salmon, P. (2020). An event, perhaps: A biography of Jacques Derrida. Verso.
• Silverman, H. J. (1994). Textualities: Between hermeneutics and deconstruction. Routledge.
• Sjöstrand, B. (2021). Derrida and technology: Life, politics, and religion. (S. Donovan, Çev.). Springer.
• Staten, H. (1984). Wittgenstein and Derrida. University of Nebraska.
• Sprinker, M. (1980). Textual politics: Foucault and Derrida. Boundary 2, 8(3), 75-98.
• Stocker, B. (2006). Routledge philosophy guidebook to Derrida on Deconstruction. Routledge.
• Thomassen, L. (2010). Deconstruction as method in political theory. Austrian Journal of Political Science, 1(1), 41-53.
• Tsatsaroni, A., & Cooper, G. (2009). Appropriation, translation and the opening of theory. G. Cooper, A. King, & R. Rettie (Yay. haz.), Sociological objects: Reconfigurations of social theory içinde (ss. 159-176). Routledge.
• Vandenberghe, F. (2018). Sociology as practical philosophy and moral science. Theory, Culture & Society, 35(3), 77-97.
• Wąs, C. (2019). The Shadow of God in the garden of the philosopher. The Parc de La Villette in Paris in the context of philosophy of chôra Part II. Quart, 51(1), 50-77.
• Westoby, P. (2019). A community development yet-to-come’: Jacques Derrida and re-constructing community development praxis. Community Development Journal, 56(3), 375-390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276417709343
• Winch, P. (2008). The idea of a social science and its relation to philosophy. Routledge.
• Wood, D. (2005). The step back ethics and politics after deconstruction. State University of New York Press.
• Zima, P. V. (2002). Deconstruction and critical theory. (R. Emig, Çev.). Continuum.