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TOPLUMSAL DÜZEN KAVRAYIŞININ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE İNGİLTERE'DE ÖNLEYİCİ POLİSLİĞİN DOĞUŞU

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 24, 293 - 315, 15.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1524105

Öz

Sanayi Devrimi, kapitalist bir emek piyasası yaratma çabaları ve bu çabaların toplumsal etkileri -o dönemin (hızlı demografik, kentsel ve toplumsal değişimler gibi) tüm çalkantılarıyla birlikte - 18. yüzyıldan itibaren düzenin nasıl yaratılıp sürdürülebileceği ve bu düzene yönelik tehditlerin nasıl ortadan kaldırılabileceğine dair sürekli bir sorgulamaya zemin hazırlamıştır. Söz konusu dönemde toplumsal düzen fikri önemli bir dönüşüm geçirmiş, emek piyasası düzenin gerçekleştiği ana mecra olarak öne çıkmış, yoksulluğun bu düzen içindeki işlevi yeniden tanımlanmış ve nihayetinde bu düzene yönelik tehditler yeniden kategorize edilmiştir. Suç önleme ve önleyici polis hakkındaki tartışmalar da bu sorgulamanın ana unsurlarından biri haline dönüşmüştür. Bu tartışmalar içinde önleyici polis, diğer sosyal politika önlemleri ve kurumlarıyla birlikte, bu tehditleri izale etmenin ve toplumsal düzeni sağlamanın temel araçlarından biri olarak önerilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu tartışmaları takip etmek, önleyici polisliğin başlangıçta yalnızca bireysel suçları önlemek için değil, kendi içinde düzen üreten bir mekanizma olarak görülen emek piyasasını tamamlamak için tasarlandığını göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, önleyici polislik söylemi yoksulluk, fakirlik ve tehlikeli sınıflar hakkındaki tartışmalarla derinden iç içe geçmiştir. Bu makalenin temel amacı, bu tartışmaları takip ederek önleyici polisliğin tarihsel-toplumsal çerçevesini hem teorik hem de pratik yönleriyle inşa etmek ve günümüz anlamıyla önleyici polisliğin ortaya çıkışının ancak toplumsal düzen fikrine ilişkin bu dönüşümler bağlamında anlaşılabileceğini göstermektir.

Kaynakça

  • Ashworth, A., & Zedner, L. (2014). Preventive Justice. Oxford University Press.
  • Bailey, V. (1995). The fabrication of deviance: Dangerous classes and criminal classes in Victorian England. Içinde J. Rule & R. Malcolmson (Ed.), Protest and Survival: The Historical Experience: Essays for E.P. Thompson (ss. 221-256). Merlin Pr.
  • Bailey, V. (2019). The Rise and Fall of the Rehabilitative Ideal, 1895-1970 (1st Edition). Routledge.
  • Beattie, J. M. (2003). Policing and Punishment in London, 1660-1750: Urban Crime and the Limits of Terror. Oxford University Press.
  • Beccaria, C. (2016). Suçlar ve Cezalar Hakkında (S. Selçuk, Çev.). İmge Kitabevi.
  • Bennett, T. (2015). Mind the gap: Towards a political history of habit. The Occasional Papers, Institute for Culture and Society (tOPICS). https://doi.org/10.4225/35/57a961470f19c
  • Bentham, J. (1864). Theory of Legislation. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner.
  • Bentham, J. (1876). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Clarendon Press.
  • Bohlender, M. (1998). Wie man die Armen regiert. Zur Genealogie liberaler politischer Rationalität. Leviathan, 26(4), 497-521. www.jstor.org/stable/23984538
  • Bohlender, M. (2010). Soziale (Un)Sicherheit. İçinde M. Bohlender, H. Münkler, & S. Meurer (Ed.), Sicherheit und Risiko (ss. 101-124). Transcript Verlag. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1fxfr4.8
  • Burchell, G. (1991). Peculiar interests: Civil society and governing “the system of natural liberty”. İçinde G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Ed.), The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality (ss. 119-150).
  • Burchell, G. (1996). Liberal Government and Techniques of the Self. İçinde A. Barry, T. Osborne, & N. Rose (Ed.), Foucault and Political Reason (ss. 19-36). University Of Chicago Press.
  • Castel, R. (2000). Die Metamorphosen der sozialen Frage: Eine Chronik der Lohnarbeit. UVK, Univ.-Verlag Konstanz.
  • Colquhoun, P. (1806a). A Treatise on Indigence: Exhibiting a General View of the National Resources for Productive Labour; with Propositions for Ameliorating the Condition of the Poor, and Improving the Moral Habits and Increasing the Comforts of the Labouring People ... J. Hatchard.
  • Colquhoun, P. (1806b). A Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis: Containing a Detail of the Various Crimes and Misdemeanors by which Public and Private Property and Security Are, at Present, Injured and Endangered, and Suggesting Remedies for Their Prevention. J. Mawman.
  • Dean, M. (1991). The constitution of poverty: Toward a genealogy of liberal governance. Routledge.
  • Dean, M. (1994). Critical And Effective Histories: Foucault’s Methods and Historical Sociology (1st edition). Routledge.
  • Dean, M. M. (2009). Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society (2 edition). SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Denis, V., Milliot, V., & Lucrezio Monticelli, C. (2016). Introduction: Urban crises, policing crises: Mirror images? (C. 1700–1900): Cities in flux and changes to policing. Urban History, 43(2), 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963926815000267
  • Dodsworth, F. (2007). Police and the Prevention of Crime: Commerce, Temptation and the Corruption of the Body Politic, from Fielding to Colquhoun. The British Journal of Criminology, 47(3), 439-454. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azl054
  • Dodsworth, F. M. (2013). Habit, the Criminal Body and the Body Politic in England, c. 1700–1800. Body & Society, 19(2-3), 83-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X12474476
  • Donzelot, J. (2008). Michel Foucault and liberal intelligence. Economy and Society, 37(1), 115-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140701760908
  • Elden, S. (2002). Plague, Panopticon, Police. Surveillance & Society, 1(3), 240-253. https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/3339
  • Emsley, C. (1983). The Military and Popular Disorder in England 1790-1801. Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 61(245), 10-21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44224116
  • Emsley, C. (1986). Detection and Prevention: The Old English Police and The New 1750-1900. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung, 37, 69-88. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20755018
  • Emsley, C. (2005). Crime and Society in England, 1750-1900. Longman/Pearson.
  • Fielding, H. (1751). An Enquiry Into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers, &c. with Some Proposals for Remedying this Growing Evil: In which the Present Reigning Vices are Impartially Exposed; and the Laws that Relate to the Provision for the Poor, and to the Punishment of Felons are Largely and Freely Examined. A. Millar.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Vintage Books.
  • Foucault, M. (2002). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. Psychology Press.
  • Foucault, M. (2007). Security, Territory, Population. St Martins Press.
  • Foucault, M. (2015). On the Punitive Society: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1972-1973 (G. Burchell, Çev.; 1st ed. 2015 edition). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Garland, D. (2001). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. OUP Oxford.
  • Garland, D. (2018). Punishment and Welfare: A History of Penal Strategies. Quid Pro, LLC.
  • Gatrell, V. A. C. (1990). Crime, authority and the policeman-state. İçinde F. M. L. Thompson (Ed.), The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950: Volume 3: Social Agencies and Institutions (C. 3, ss. 243-310). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521257909.006
  • Gatrell, V. A. C., & Hadden, T. B. (1972). Criminal statistics and their interpretation. İçinde E. A. Wrigley (Ed.), Nineteenth-Century Society (ss. 336-396). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511896118.009
  • Gordon, C. (1991). Governmental Rationality: An Introduction. İçinde G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Ed.), The Foucault Effect—Studies in Governmentality (ss. 1-52). University Of Chicago Press.
  • Harding, C. (1988). “The Inevitable End of a Discredited System”? The Origins of the Gladstone Committee Report on Prisons, 1895. The Historical Journal, 31(3), 591-608. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639758
  • Härter, K. (2010). Security and “Gute Policey” in Early Modern Europe: Concepts, Laws, and Instruments / Sicherheit und “Gute Policey” im frühneuzeitlichen Europa: Konzepte, Gesetze und Instrumente. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung, 35(4 (134)), 41-65. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25758857
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  • Iseli, A. (2009). Gute Policey: Öffentliche Ordnung in der Frühen Neuzeit. Ulmer. Joyce, P., & Laverick, W. (2023). History of Policing, Crime, Disorder, Punishment (1st ed. 2023 edition). Palgrave Macmillan.
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THE TRANSFORMATİON OF THE CONCEPTİON OF SOCİAL ORDER AND THE EMERGENCE OF PREVENTİVE POLİCİNG İN ENGLAND

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 24, 293 - 315, 15.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1524105

Öz

The Industrial Revolution, the efforts to create a capitalist labor market, and the social effects of these efforts—along with all the turbulence of that period (rapid demographic, urban, and social changes)—laid the groundwork from the 18th Century onwards for continuous questioning of how order can be created and maintained, as well as how threats to this order can be removed. During this period, the idea of social order underwent a fundamental transformation. The labor market was suggested as the main base, in which the order is realized, the function of poverty in this order was redefined and ultimately the threats to this order were recategorized. The debate about crime prevention and preventive police became one of the main aspects of this questioning. Within these discussions, preventive police, along with other social policy measures and institutions, was proposed as one of the main means of controlling these threats and maintaining social order. However, these discussions show that preventive policing was not initially designed solely to prevent individual crimes but rather to complement the labor market, which is seen as an order-producing mechanism in itself. In this regard, the discourse on preventive policing is deeply intertwined with debates about poverty, pauperism, and dangerous classes. The main aim of this article is to construct the historical-social framework of preventive police in its theoretical as well as practical aspects while following these discussions, and to show that the formation of preventive police in the today’s sense can only be understood in the context of these transformations regarding the idea of social order.

Kaynakça

  • Ashworth, A., & Zedner, L. (2014). Preventive Justice. Oxford University Press.
  • Bailey, V. (1995). The fabrication of deviance: Dangerous classes and criminal classes in Victorian England. Içinde J. Rule & R. Malcolmson (Ed.), Protest and Survival: The Historical Experience: Essays for E.P. Thompson (ss. 221-256). Merlin Pr.
  • Bailey, V. (2019). The Rise and Fall of the Rehabilitative Ideal, 1895-1970 (1st Edition). Routledge.
  • Beattie, J. M. (2003). Policing and Punishment in London, 1660-1750: Urban Crime and the Limits of Terror. Oxford University Press.
  • Beccaria, C. (2016). Suçlar ve Cezalar Hakkında (S. Selçuk, Çev.). İmge Kitabevi.
  • Bennett, T. (2015). Mind the gap: Towards a political history of habit. The Occasional Papers, Institute for Culture and Society (tOPICS). https://doi.org/10.4225/35/57a961470f19c
  • Bentham, J. (1864). Theory of Legislation. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner.
  • Bentham, J. (1876). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Clarendon Press.
  • Bohlender, M. (1998). Wie man die Armen regiert. Zur Genealogie liberaler politischer Rationalität. Leviathan, 26(4), 497-521. www.jstor.org/stable/23984538
  • Bohlender, M. (2010). Soziale (Un)Sicherheit. İçinde M. Bohlender, H. Münkler, & S. Meurer (Ed.), Sicherheit und Risiko (ss. 101-124). Transcript Verlag. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1fxfr4.8
  • Burchell, G. (1991). Peculiar interests: Civil society and governing “the system of natural liberty”. İçinde G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Ed.), The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality (ss. 119-150).
  • Burchell, G. (1996). Liberal Government and Techniques of the Self. İçinde A. Barry, T. Osborne, & N. Rose (Ed.), Foucault and Political Reason (ss. 19-36). University Of Chicago Press.
  • Castel, R. (2000). Die Metamorphosen der sozialen Frage: Eine Chronik der Lohnarbeit. UVK, Univ.-Verlag Konstanz.
  • Colquhoun, P. (1806a). A Treatise on Indigence: Exhibiting a General View of the National Resources for Productive Labour; with Propositions for Ameliorating the Condition of the Poor, and Improving the Moral Habits and Increasing the Comforts of the Labouring People ... J. Hatchard.
  • Colquhoun, P. (1806b). A Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis: Containing a Detail of the Various Crimes and Misdemeanors by which Public and Private Property and Security Are, at Present, Injured and Endangered, and Suggesting Remedies for Their Prevention. J. Mawman.
  • Dean, M. (1991). The constitution of poverty: Toward a genealogy of liberal governance. Routledge.
  • Dean, M. (1994). Critical And Effective Histories: Foucault’s Methods and Historical Sociology (1st edition). Routledge.
  • Dean, M. M. (2009). Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society (2 edition). SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Denis, V., Milliot, V., & Lucrezio Monticelli, C. (2016). Introduction: Urban crises, policing crises: Mirror images? (C. 1700–1900): Cities in flux and changes to policing. Urban History, 43(2), 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963926815000267
  • Dodsworth, F. (2007). Police and the Prevention of Crime: Commerce, Temptation and the Corruption of the Body Politic, from Fielding to Colquhoun. The British Journal of Criminology, 47(3), 439-454. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azl054
  • Dodsworth, F. M. (2013). Habit, the Criminal Body and the Body Politic in England, c. 1700–1800. Body & Society, 19(2-3), 83-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X12474476
  • Donzelot, J. (2008). Michel Foucault and liberal intelligence. Economy and Society, 37(1), 115-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140701760908
  • Elden, S. (2002). Plague, Panopticon, Police. Surveillance & Society, 1(3), 240-253. https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/3339
  • Emsley, C. (1983). The Military and Popular Disorder in England 1790-1801. Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 61(245), 10-21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44224116
  • Emsley, C. (1986). Detection and Prevention: The Old English Police and The New 1750-1900. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung, 37, 69-88. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20755018
  • Emsley, C. (2005). Crime and Society in England, 1750-1900. Longman/Pearson.
  • Fielding, H. (1751). An Enquiry Into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers, &c. with Some Proposals for Remedying this Growing Evil: In which the Present Reigning Vices are Impartially Exposed; and the Laws that Relate to the Provision for the Poor, and to the Punishment of Felons are Largely and Freely Examined. A. Millar.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Vintage Books.
  • Foucault, M. (2002). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. Psychology Press.
  • Foucault, M. (2007). Security, Territory, Population. St Martins Press.
  • Foucault, M. (2015). On the Punitive Society: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1972-1973 (G. Burchell, Çev.; 1st ed. 2015 edition). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Garland, D. (2001). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. OUP Oxford.
  • Garland, D. (2018). Punishment and Welfare: A History of Penal Strategies. Quid Pro, LLC.
  • Gatrell, V. A. C. (1990). Crime, authority and the policeman-state. İçinde F. M. L. Thompson (Ed.), The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950: Volume 3: Social Agencies and Institutions (C. 3, ss. 243-310). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521257909.006
  • Gatrell, V. A. C., & Hadden, T. B. (1972). Criminal statistics and their interpretation. İçinde E. A. Wrigley (Ed.), Nineteenth-Century Society (ss. 336-396). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511896118.009
  • Gordon, C. (1991). Governmental Rationality: An Introduction. İçinde G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Ed.), The Foucault Effect—Studies in Governmentality (ss. 1-52). University Of Chicago Press.
  • Harding, C. (1988). “The Inevitable End of a Discredited System”? The Origins of the Gladstone Committee Report on Prisons, 1895. The Historical Journal, 31(3), 591-608. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639758
  • Härter, K. (2010). Security and “Gute Policey” in Early Modern Europe: Concepts, Laws, and Instruments / Sicherheit und “Gute Policey” im frühneuzeitlichen Europa: Konzepte, Gesetze und Instrumente. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung, 35(4 (134)), 41-65. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25758857
  • Hindess, B. (1996). Liberalism, socialism and democracy: Variations on a governmental theme. İçinde A. Barry, T. Osborne, & N. Rose (Ed.), Foucault and political reason: Liberalism, neo-liberalism and rationalities of government (ss. 65-80). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Hirschman, A. O. (2007). Tutkular ve Cikarlar. Metis Yayincilik.
  • Ignatieff, M. (1980). A just measure of pain: The penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850 (Columbia University Press morningside ed). Columbia University Press.
  • Iseli, A. (2009). Gute Policey: Öffentliche Ordnung in der Frühen Neuzeit. Ulmer. Joyce, P., & Laverick, W. (2023). History of Policing, Crime, Disorder, Punishment (1st ed. 2023 edition). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Lemke, T. (2002). Foucault, Governmentality, and Critique. Rethinking Marxism, 14, 49-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/089356902101242288
  • Macpherson, C. B., & Cunningham, F. (2011). The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke (Reprint edition). Oxford University Press.
  • Malthus, T. R. (1809). An Essay on the Principle of Population, as it Affects the Future Improvement of Society. Marx, K. (1974). Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie: (Rohentwurf) 1857-1858 : Anhang, 1850-1859. Dietz Verlag.
  • McMullan, J. L. (1998). The Arresting Eye: Discourse, Surveillance and Disciplinary Administration in Early English Police Thinking. Social & Legal Studies, 7(1), 97-128. https://doi.org/10.1177/096466399800700106
  • Neocleous, M. (2000a). Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention. The British Journal of Criminology, 40(4), 710-726. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.710
  • Neocleous, M. (2000b). The Fabrication of Social Order: A Critical Theory of Police Power. Pluto Press.
  • Nicolosi, R. (2012). Der Gewohnheitsverbrecher in der “positiven Schule” der italienischen Kriminologie: Kommentar zu Cesare Lombroso und Enrico Ferri. İçinde B. Kleeberg (Ed.), Schlechte Angewohnheiten: Eine Anthologie, 1750—1900 (1. Auflage, ss. 368-377). Suhrkamp.
  • Nitschke, P. (1992). Von der Politeia zur Polizei: Ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Polizei-Begriffs und seiner herrschaftspolitischen Dimensionen von der Antike bis ins 19. Jahrhundert. Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung, 19(1), 1-27.
  • Paley, R. (2011). “An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System”? Policing London Before Peel. İçinde Theories and Origins of the Modern Police. Routledge.
  • Pasquino, P. (1991). Theatrum politicum: The genealogy of capital-police and the state of prosperity. İçinde G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Ed.), The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality (ss. 105-118).
  • Pavlich, G. (2018). Captive Habits of Criminalization. New Criminal Law Review, 21(4), 492-513. https://doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2018.21.4.492
  • Philips, D. (2003). Three «moral entrepreneurs» and the creation of a «criminal class» in England, c. 1790s-1840s. Crime, Histoire & Sociétés / Crime, History & Societies, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.4000/chs.612
  • Polanyi, K. (2010). Büyük Dönüşüm: Çağımızın Siyasal ve Ekonomik Kökenleri (A. Buğra, Çev.; 9. Baskı). İletişim.
  • Procacci, G. (1991). Social economy and the government of poverty. İçinde G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Ed.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (ss. 151-168).
  • Quinn, M. (1994). Jeremy Bentham on the Relief of Indigence: An Exercise in Applied Philosophy. Utilitas, 6(1), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820800001345
  • Raeff, M. (1975). The Well-Ordered Police State and the Development of Modernity in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Europe: An Attempt at a Comparative Approach. The American Historical Review, 80(5), 1221-1243. https://doi.org/10.2307/1852058
  • Rafter, N. (2010). The Criminal Brain: Understanding Biological Theories of Crime. NYU Press.
  • Rafter, N. H. (2009). The Origins of Criminology: A Reader. Routledge.
  • Rauhut, D. (2020). Adam Smith—A champion for the poor! İçinde Poverty in the History of Economic Thought. Routledge.
  • Reynolds, E. A. (1998). Before the Bobbies: Night Watch and Police Reform in Metropolitan London, 1720-1830. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ricardo, D. (2008). Siyasal İktisadın ve Vergilendirmenin İlkeleri (B. Zeren, Çev.). İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Rothschild, E. (1995). Social Security and Laissez Faire in Eighteenth-Century Political Economy. Population and Development Review, 21(4), 711-744. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137772
  • Rudan, P. (2016). Society as a Code: Bentham and the Fabric of Order. History of European Ideas, 42(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2015.1077147
  • Silver, A. (2011). The Demand for Order in Civil Society: A Review of Some Themes in the History of Urban Crime, Police, and Riot*. İçinde C. Emsley (Ed.), Theories and Origins of the Modern Police. Routledge.
  • Singelnstein, T. (2020). Preventive Turn—Wie Gefahr und Risiko zum zentralen Gegenstand von Strafrecht und sozialer Kontrolle werden. İçinde Gefahr (ss. 95-112). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299082-95
  • Smith, A. (2006). Milletlerin Zenginliği (TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi; 50). İstanbul : Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Steinfeld, R. J. (2001). Coercion, Contract, and Free Labor in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press.
  • Storch, R. D. (1975). The Plague of the Blue Locusts: Police Reform and Popular Resistance in Northern England, 1840-57. International Review of Social History, 20(1), 61-90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44581742
  • Thompson, E. P. (1966). The Making of the English Working Class. Vintage.
  • Thompson, E. P. (1971). The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century. Past & Present, 50, 76-136. http://www.jstor.org/stable/650244
  • Townsend, J. (1817). A Dissertation On The Poor Laws. Republished, London: Printed for Ridgways.
  • Valverde, M. (2007). Genealogies of European states: Foucauldian reflections. Economy and Society, 36(1), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140601089911
  • Vogl, J. (2000). Staatsbegehren Zur Epoche der Policey. Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte, 74(4), 600-626. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03375556
  • Wetzell, R. F. (2000). Inventing the Criminal: A History of German Criminology, 1880-1945 (New edition). The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Wiener, M. J. (1994). Reconstructing the Criminal: Culture, Law, and Policy in England, 1830–1914 (First Paperback Edition). Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Adli Sosyal Bilimler, Sosyal Değişim, Sosyal Teori, Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Tüm Sayı
Yazarlar

Abdullah Enes Özel 0009-0004-7878-6899

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 1 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 24

Kaynak Göster

APA Özel, A. E. (2024). TOPLUMSAL DÜZEN KAVRAYIŞININ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE İNGİLTERE’DE ÖNLEYİCİ POLİSLİĞİN DOĞUŞU. HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(24), 293-315. https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1524105