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Exloring the Effect of Erasmus Program on Cultural Intelligence of University Students

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 769 - 785, 31.07.2019

Öz

The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative research was to investigate
the difference between cultural intelligence of university students who have
participated in Erasmus Student Mobility program and of those who have not, while
their personality trait “openness to experience” is controlled. Data were
collected from 450 students at a public university in Ankara studying in
different disciplines and at varying grade levels through
survey: Cultural Intelligence Scale, and Openness to Experience sub-scale of Big
Five Inventory Scale. MANCOVA results indicated that participating in Erasmus
Program has a statistically significant effect on all sub-dimensions of
cultural intelligence (metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral),
when openness to experience personality trait is controlled. Moreover, the
results showed that openness to experience personality trait is a statistically
significant covariate for the study.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmadi, Y., Shahmohammadi, A., & Araghi, M. M. (2011). The study of effect of socio-cultural factor on cultural intelligence (CQ) (Case study: Sanandaj City). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(12), 161-168.
  • Alon, I., & Higgins, J. M. (2005). Global leadership success through emotional and cultural intelligence. Business Horizons, 48(6), 501-512.
  • Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 290-305. Retrieved from: http://www.pef.unilj.si/ceps/dejavnosti/sp/20110602/Internac.%20HE%20%20motivations%20and%20realities%20Altback,%20Knight%2007.pdf
  • Ang, S., & Inkpen, A. C. (2008). Cultural intelligence and offshore outsourcing success: A framework of firm-level intercultural capability. Decision Sciences, 39(3), 337-358.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personality correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 100-123.
  • Arkalı Olcay, G., & Nasır, V. A. (2016). Yükseköğretimde uluslararasılaşma: En çok öğrenci alan ülkeler ve Türkiye perspektifinden 1999-2013 yıllarına bakış. Journal of Higher Education & Science, 6(3), 288-297.
  • Black, H. T., & Duhon, D. L. (2006). Assessing the impact of business study abroad programs on cultural awareness and personal development. Journal of Education for Business, 81(3), 140-144.
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A.Bollen& J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. (3rd ed.). Routledge: New York.
  • Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.
  • Cultural Intelligence Center. (2005). The 20-item, 4-factor cultural intelligence scale. Retrieved from: http://www.linnvandyne.com/shortmeasure.html.
  • Deng, L., & Gibson, P. (2009). Mapping and modeling the capacities that underlie effective cross-cultural leadership. Cross Cultural Management, 16(4), 347-366. Dines, G., & Humez, J. M. (2011). Gender, race, and class in media: A critical reader. (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Dolga, L., Filipescu, H., Popescu-Mitroi, M. M., & Mazilescu, C. A. (2015). Erasmus mobility impact on professional training and personal development of students beneficiaries. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 1006-1013.
  • Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Stanford, California: Publishing House.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. (3rd ed.). London: Sage.
  • Fombona, J., Rodrigues, C., & Sevillano, M. A. P. (2013). The motivational factor of Erasmus students at the university. International Education Studies, 6(4), 1-9. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Groves, K. S., Feyerherm, A., & Gu, M. (2015). Examining cultural intelligence and cross-cultural negotiation effectiveness. Journal of Management Education, 39(2), 209-243.
  • Gulleckson, N. L., & Tucker, M. L. (2013). An examination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and intercultural growth for students studying abroad. Journal of the Academy of Business Education, 13, 162-178.
  • Hosftede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ismail, A. M., Reza, R., & Mahdi, S. (2012). Analysis of the relationship between cultural intelligence and transformational leadership: The case of managers at the trade office. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(14), 252-261.
  • John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory--Versions 4a and 54. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research.
  • John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114-158). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Kennedy, J. L. (2012). Skills and personal qualities that employers want. Retrieved from: http://www.uncw.edu/jet/articles/Vol13_1/LopesMurphy.html
  • Keung, E. K. (2011). What factors of cultural intelligence predict transformational leadership: A study of international school leaders (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Liberty University, VA, USA.
  • King, R., Findlay, A., & Ahrens, J. (2010). International student mobility literature review. Report to HEFCE, and co-funded by the British Council, UK National Agency for Erasmus. Retrieved from: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/basc/documents/hefce-report
  • Lopes-Murphy, S. A. (2014). Experiences in post-secondary education that may lead to cultural intelligence: Exploring and proposing practices. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 26(2), 287-296.
  • Pedersen, P. B. (1991). Multiculturalism as a generic approach to counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 6-12.
  • Plum, E. (2007). Cultural intelligence: A concept for bridging and benefiting from cultural differences. Retrieved from: http://www.kulturelintelligens.dk/Cultural_Intelligence_Plum.pdf
  • Ponterotto, J. G., Casas, J. M., Suzuki, L. A., & Alexander, C. M. (2010). Handbook of multicultural counseling. (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Raikhan, S., Moldakhmet, M., Ryskeldy, M., & Alua, M. (2014). The interaction of globalization and culture in the modern world. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 122, 8-12.
  • Robledo-Ardila, C., Roman-Calderon, J. P., & Arguilar-Barrientos, S. (2016). Education-related factors in cultural intelligence development: A Colombian study. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 1-24. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303983421_Education-Related_Factors_in_Cultural_Intelligence_Development_A_Colombian_Study
  • Şahin, F., Gürbüz, S., & Köksal, O. (2014). Cultural intelligence in action: The effects of personality and international assignment on the development of CQ. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 39, 152-163.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tarique, I., & Takeuchi, R. (2008). Developing cultural intelligence: The roles of international nonwork experiences. In Van Dyne & Ang (Eds.). Handbook of cultural intelligence (pp. 56-70). Armonk, N.Y.: Routledge.
  • Thomas, D. C., & Inkson, K. C. (2017). Cultural intelligence: Surviving and thriving in the global village. (3rd ed.) Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Oakland: CA.
  • Van Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Livermore, D. (2009). Cultural intelligence: A pathway for leading in rapidly globalizing world. Retrieved from: http://linnvandyne.com/papers/Van%20Dyne_Ang_Livermore%20CCL%20in%20press.pdf
  • YÖK. (2018). Yükseköğretim bilgi yönetimi sistemi. Retrieved from: https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
  • Zapata, G. (2011). The effects of community service learning projects on L2 learners’ cultural understanding. Hispania, 94(1), 86-102.

Erasmus Programı'nın Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kültürel Zekaları Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 769 - 785, 31.07.2019

Öz

Bu nicel-nedensel karşılaştırma çalışmasının
amacı, kültürel zekâ değişkeninin Erasmus Öğrenim Hareketliliği Programı’na
katılan ve katılmayan öğrenciler arasında farklılık gösterip göstermediğini,
“deneyime açıklık” kişilik özelliğini kontrol altında tutarak incelemektir.
Çalışmanın verileri, Ankara’da bir devlet üniversitesinde farklı bölümlerde ve
sınıf seviyesinde öğrenim gören 450 üniversite öğrencisinden toplanmıştır.
Çalışmada veri toplama araçları olarak araştırmacı tarafından Türkçeye
uyarlanan Kültürel Zekâ Ölçeği ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeği – Deneyime Açıklık
alt boyutu kullanılmıştır. Çok Değişkenli Kovaryans Analizinin (MANCOVA)
sonuçları, Erasmus Öğrenim Hareketliliği Programı’na katılımın deneyime açıklık
kişilik özelliği kontrol altında tutulduğunda, kültürel zekânın tüm alt
boyutları üzerinde (üst-biliş, biliş, motivasyon ve davranış) istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca sonuçlar, deneyime
açıklık kişilik özelliğinin, bu çalışma için önemli bir eşdeğişken faktör
olduğunu göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmadi, Y., Shahmohammadi, A., & Araghi, M. M. (2011). The study of effect of socio-cultural factor on cultural intelligence (CQ) (Case study: Sanandaj City). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(12), 161-168.
  • Alon, I., & Higgins, J. M. (2005). Global leadership success through emotional and cultural intelligence. Business Horizons, 48(6), 501-512.
  • Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 290-305. Retrieved from: http://www.pef.unilj.si/ceps/dejavnosti/sp/20110602/Internac.%20HE%20%20motivations%20and%20realities%20Altback,%20Knight%2007.pdf
  • Ang, S., & Inkpen, A. C. (2008). Cultural intelligence and offshore outsourcing success: A framework of firm-level intercultural capability. Decision Sciences, 39(3), 337-358.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personality correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 100-123.
  • Arkalı Olcay, G., & Nasır, V. A. (2016). Yükseköğretimde uluslararasılaşma: En çok öğrenci alan ülkeler ve Türkiye perspektifinden 1999-2013 yıllarına bakış. Journal of Higher Education & Science, 6(3), 288-297.
  • Black, H. T., & Duhon, D. L. (2006). Assessing the impact of business study abroad programs on cultural awareness and personal development. Journal of Education for Business, 81(3), 140-144.
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A.Bollen& J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. (3rd ed.). Routledge: New York.
  • Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.
  • Cultural Intelligence Center. (2005). The 20-item, 4-factor cultural intelligence scale. Retrieved from: http://www.linnvandyne.com/shortmeasure.html.
  • Deng, L., & Gibson, P. (2009). Mapping and modeling the capacities that underlie effective cross-cultural leadership. Cross Cultural Management, 16(4), 347-366. Dines, G., & Humez, J. M. (2011). Gender, race, and class in media: A critical reader. (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Dolga, L., Filipescu, H., Popescu-Mitroi, M. M., & Mazilescu, C. A. (2015). Erasmus mobility impact on professional training and personal development of students beneficiaries. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 1006-1013.
  • Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Stanford, California: Publishing House.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. (3rd ed.). London: Sage.
  • Fombona, J., Rodrigues, C., & Sevillano, M. A. P. (2013). The motivational factor of Erasmus students at the university. International Education Studies, 6(4), 1-9. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Groves, K. S., Feyerherm, A., & Gu, M. (2015). Examining cultural intelligence and cross-cultural negotiation effectiveness. Journal of Management Education, 39(2), 209-243.
  • Gulleckson, N. L., & Tucker, M. L. (2013). An examination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and intercultural growth for students studying abroad. Journal of the Academy of Business Education, 13, 162-178.
  • Hosftede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ismail, A. M., Reza, R., & Mahdi, S. (2012). Analysis of the relationship between cultural intelligence and transformational leadership: The case of managers at the trade office. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(14), 252-261.
  • John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory--Versions 4a and 54. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research.
  • John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114-158). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Kennedy, J. L. (2012). Skills and personal qualities that employers want. Retrieved from: http://www.uncw.edu/jet/articles/Vol13_1/LopesMurphy.html
  • Keung, E. K. (2011). What factors of cultural intelligence predict transformational leadership: A study of international school leaders (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Liberty University, VA, USA.
  • King, R., Findlay, A., & Ahrens, J. (2010). International student mobility literature review. Report to HEFCE, and co-funded by the British Council, UK National Agency for Erasmus. Retrieved from: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/basc/documents/hefce-report
  • Lopes-Murphy, S. A. (2014). Experiences in post-secondary education that may lead to cultural intelligence: Exploring and proposing practices. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 26(2), 287-296.
  • Pedersen, P. B. (1991). Multiculturalism as a generic approach to counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 6-12.
  • Plum, E. (2007). Cultural intelligence: A concept for bridging and benefiting from cultural differences. Retrieved from: http://www.kulturelintelligens.dk/Cultural_Intelligence_Plum.pdf
  • Ponterotto, J. G., Casas, J. M., Suzuki, L. A., & Alexander, C. M. (2010). Handbook of multicultural counseling. (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Raikhan, S., Moldakhmet, M., Ryskeldy, M., & Alua, M. (2014). The interaction of globalization and culture in the modern world. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 122, 8-12.
  • Robledo-Ardila, C., Roman-Calderon, J. P., & Arguilar-Barrientos, S. (2016). Education-related factors in cultural intelligence development: A Colombian study. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 1-24. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303983421_Education-Related_Factors_in_Cultural_Intelligence_Development_A_Colombian_Study
  • Şahin, F., Gürbüz, S., & Köksal, O. (2014). Cultural intelligence in action: The effects of personality and international assignment on the development of CQ. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 39, 152-163.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tarique, I., & Takeuchi, R. (2008). Developing cultural intelligence: The roles of international nonwork experiences. In Van Dyne & Ang (Eds.). Handbook of cultural intelligence (pp. 56-70). Armonk, N.Y.: Routledge.
  • Thomas, D. C., & Inkson, K. C. (2017). Cultural intelligence: Surviving and thriving in the global village. (3rd ed.) Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Oakland: CA.
  • Van Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Livermore, D. (2009). Cultural intelligence: A pathway for leading in rapidly globalizing world. Retrieved from: http://linnvandyne.com/papers/Van%20Dyne_Ang_Livermore%20CCL%20in%20press.pdf
  • YÖK. (2018). Yükseköğretim bilgi yönetimi sistemi. Retrieved from: https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
  • Zapata, G. (2011). The effects of community service learning projects on L2 learners’ cultural understanding. Hispania, 94(1), 86-102.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özge Gökten Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5229-8211

Serap Emil 0000-0001-6470-2667

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökten, Ö., & Emil, S. (2019). Exloring the Effect of Erasmus Program on Cultural Intelligence of University Students. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(3), 769-785.