Tip 2 Diyabette Semptom Durumu, Öz Yönetim ve Bakım Bağımlılığı Arasındaki İlişkiye Genel Bakış

Yıl 2023, , 186 - 193, 01.08.2023

Damla Nur Bozkaya , Zehra Gök Metin

https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1205649

Öz

Diyabet kronik ve ilerleyici bir hastalık olması sebebi ile bireylerde ciddi semptom yüküne neden olmaktadır. Hastalığın ilerlemesi ile diyabet komplikasyonları artmakta, bireyler öz yönetimde yetersiz kalabilmekte ve beraberinde bakım bağımlılığı sorunu gündeme gelmektedir. Diyabetin yaşam boyu sürmesi, yaygın semptomlarla seyretmesi ve öz-yönetim aktivitelerini zorunlu kılmasından dolayı Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin yaşadıkları semptomların sıklığı ve şiddetinin, öz-yönetim becerilerinin ve bakım bağımlılığı düzeylerinin ele alınması gerekmektedir. Diyabette bakım ve öz-yönetimin yaşam boyu sürdürülmesi en kritik konudur. Çok sayıda araştırma, Tip 2 diyabet tanı ve tedavi süreçlerindeki önemli gelişmelere rağmen, hastalığın henüz istenen seviyede kontrol edilemediğini göstermektedir. Bu derleme makalede, Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde semptom durumu, öz-yönetim ve bakım bağımlılığı düzeyleri ve bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiye geniş bakış açısı kazandırılması ve bu kapsamda diyabetli hastaların bakım yaklaşımına katkı verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bakım bağımlılığı,, Diyabet, Hemşire, Semptom yükü, Öz yönetim

An Overview of the Relationship Between Symptom Status, Self-Management and Care Dependency in Type 2 Diabetes

Öz

Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease and causes a higher symptom burden in individuals. With the progression of the disease, complications of diabetes increase, individuals may not be able to perform self-management, and along with these the care dependence comes to the fore. Since diabetes lasts a lifetime, progresses with common symptoms, and requires self-management activities, the frequency and severity of symptoms experienced by individuals with Type 2 diabetes, self-management skills and levels of care dependency should be addressed. Maintaining care and self-management in diabetes throughout life is the most critical issue. Many studies have showed that Type 2 diabetes has not yet been controlled at the desired level, despite important developments in the diagnosis and treatment processes. In this review article, we aimed to provide a broad perspective on the symptoms of diabetes, self-management, and care dependency level in individuals with Type 2 diabetes and the relationship between these variables, and to contribute to the care approach of patients with diabetes in this context.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Care dependency, Diabetes, Nurse, Self-management, Symptom burden

Kaynakça

• Nkonge KM, Nkonge DK, Nkonge TN. The epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;6(1):1-10.
• Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, Ruiz, PLD, Sacre JW, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109118.
• Aksoyalp ZŞ, Nacitarhan C. Diabetes Mellitusta mikrobiyotanın rolü ve hedeflenmesi. Turk J Diab Obes. 2021;5(1):51-8.
• Cousin E, Duncan BB, Stein C, Ong KL, Vos T, Abbafati C, et al. Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(3):177-92.
• Herder C, Roden, M. A novel diabetes typology: Towards precision diabetology from pathogenesis to treatment. Diabetologia. 2022;1-13.
• Batista TM, Haider N, Kahn CR. Defining the underlying defect in insulin action in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2021;64(5):994-1006.
• Faselis C, Katsimardou A, Imprialos K, Deligkaris P, Kallistratos M, Dimitriadis K. Microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2020; 18(2):117-24.
• Karakoç Kumsar A, Yılmaz FT, Gündoğdu S. Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde algılanan semptom düzeyi ile HbA1c ilişkisi. Çukurova Medical Journal. 2019;44 (Suppl 1):61-8.
• Goyal Y, Verma AK, Bhatt D, Rahmani AH, Dev K. Diabetes: perspective and challenges in modern era. Gene Reports. 2020;20:100759.
• Mian Z., Hermayer KL, Jenkins A. Continuous glucose monitoring: review of an innovation in diabetes management. Am J Med Sci. 2019; 358(5):332-39.
• Dijkstra, A. Care Dependency. In: Schüssler, S., Lohrmann, C. (eds) Dementia in Nursing Homes. Springer, Cham. 2017.
• Terkes N, Bektas H. Psychometric evaluation of the Diabetes Symptom Checklist–Revised in patients with Type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2016;13:273-83.
• García AA, Bose E, Zuñiga JA, Zhang W. Mexican Americans' diabetes symptom prevalence, burden, and clusters. Appl Nurs Res. 2019; 46:37-42.
• Bozkaya DN. İnsülin kullanan Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerde Diyabet Belirtileri, Öz Yönetim ve Bakım Bağımlılığını Etkileyen Değişkenler [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü;2022.
• An J, Nichols GA, Qian L, Munis MA, Harrison TN, Li Z, et al. Prevalence and incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications over 15 years among patients with incident type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. 2021; 9(1): e001847.
• Zheng B, Su B, Price G, Tzoulaki I, Ahmadi-Abhari S, & Middleton L. Glycemic control, diabetic complications, and risk of dementia in patients with diabetes: results from a large UK cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(7):1556-63.
• İstek N, Karakurt P. Global bir sağlık sorunu: tip 2 diyabet ve öz-bakım yönetimi. JAREN. 2018;4(3):179-82.
• Yıldırım A, Hacıhasanoğlu AB, Bozdemir N, Hacıhasanoğlu Aşılar R. Multidisciplinary team approach in diabetes self management. TJFMPC. 2020;14(3):479-91.
• McDaniel CC, Kavookjian J, Whitley HP. Telehealth delivery of motivational interviewing for diabetes management: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Patient Educ Couns. 2022;105(4):805-20.
• Gunggu A, Thon CC, Whye Lian C. Predictors of Diabetes Self-Management among Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:9158943.
• Yao J, Wang H, Yin X, Yin J, Guo X, Sun Q. The association between self-efficacy and self-management behaviors among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One, 2019;14(11): e0224869.
• Mendivil CO, Amaya-Montoya M, Hernández-Vargas JA, Ramírez-García N, Romero-Díaz C, Pérez-Londoño A, et al. Achievement of treatment goals among adults with diabetes in Colombia, 2015–2019: Results from a national registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;186:109823.
• Abubakari AR, Cousins R, Thomas C, Sharma D, Naderali EK. Sociodemographic and clinical predictors of self-management among people with poorly controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the role of illness perceptions and self-efficacy. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2016. 6708164.
• Kurnia AD, Amatayakul A, Karuncharernpanit S. Predictors of diabetes self-management among type 2 diabetics in Indonesia: Application theory of the health promotion model. Int J Nurs Sci. 2017;4(3):260-5.
• American Association of Diabetes Educators. Role of the diabetes educator in inpatient diabetes management. Diabetes Educ. 2019;45(1):60-5.
• Olgun N, Altun ZA. Sağlık inanç modeli doğrultusunda verilen eğitimin diyabet hastalarının bakım uygulamalarına etkisi. HUHEMFAD. 2012;19(2):46-57.
• Tosun AS, Zincir H. Tip 2 diabetes mellitusta sağlık davranış değişiminde transteoretik model temelli motivasyonel görüşme tekniği. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2016;8(1):32-41.
• Henskens M, Nauta IM, Drost KT, Milders MV, Scherder EJ. Predictors of care dependency in nursing home residents with moderate to severe dementia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Sci. 2019;92:47-54.
• Akın Korhan E, Hakverdioğlu Yönt G, Tokem Y, Karadağ Ö, Sarıoğlu E, Yıldız K. Dahiliye ve cerrahi kliniklerde yatan hastaların bakım bağımlılığı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Nursology. 2013;16(4):199-204.
• Ekici E, Sevgi K, Ezgi Ü, Melike B. Care dependency and diabetes self-care activities in elderly ındividuals with diabetes. Elderly Health Journal. 2020;6(2):131-9.
• İlaslan E, Dalkıran Ş, Özer ZC, Balcı, MK. Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin hastalığı kabul düzeyi ve bakım verenlerin bakım verme yükü. STED. 2021;30(2):84-95.
• Caljouw MA, Cools HJ, Gussekloo J. Natural course of care dependency in residents of long-term care facilities: prospective follow-up study. BMC Geriatrics. 2014;14(1):1-8.
• Schneider A, Blüher S, Grittner U, Anton V, Schaeffner E, Ebert N, et al. Is there an association between social determinants and care dependency risk? [Poster]. 12th European Public Health Conference; 20 - 23 Kasım 2019; Fransa.
• Schüssler S, Dassen T, Lohrmann C. Care dependency and nursing care problems in nursing home residents with and without dementia: A cross-sectional study. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2016;28(5):973-82.
• Nursiswati N, Halfens RJ, Lohrmann, C. Change in care dependency of stroke patients: A longitudinal and multicenter study. Asian Nurs Res 2017;11(2):113-18.
• Schnitzer S, Blüher S, Teti A, Schaeffner E, Ebert N, Martus P, et al. Risk profiles for care dependency: cross-sectional findings of a population-based cohort study in Germany. J Aging Health. 2020;32(5-6):352-60.
• Koller D, Schön G, Schäfer I, Glaeske G, van den Bussche H, Hansen H. Multimorbidity and long-term care dependency-a five-year follow-up. BMC Geriatrics. 2014;14(1):1-9.
• Adjei Boakye E, Varble A, Rojek R, Peavler O, Trainer AK, Osazuwa-Peters N, et al. Sociodemographic factors associated with engagement in diabetes self-management education among people with diabetes in the United States. Public Health Rep. 2018;133(6):685-91.
• Wojujutari AK, Alabi OT, Emmanuel IE. Psychological resilience moderates influence of depression on sleep dysfunction of people living with diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2019;18:429-36.
• Bukhsh A, Khan TM, Nawaz MS, Ahmed HS, Chan KG, Goh BH. Association of diabetes knowledge with glycemic control and self-care practices among Pakistani people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2019;12:1409-17.
• Yazıcı SÖ, Kalaycı İ. Yaşlı Hastaların Günlük Yaşam Aktivitelerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi. 2015;3(3):385-90.
• Doroszkiewicz H, Sierakowska M. Factors associated with risk of care dependency in disabled geriatric patients. Scand J Caring Sci. 2021;35(1):134-42.
• Luo X, Liu T, Yuan X, Ge S, Yang J, Li C, et al. Factors influencing self-management in Chinese adults with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(9):11304-27.
• Kavak Budak F, Aktürk Ü. Diyabet hastalarında hastalık algısının anksiyete ve depresyon belirtileri üzerine etkisi. AUHSJ. 2019;10(4):740-7.
• Mohebi S, Parham M, Sharifirad G, Gharlipour Z, Mohammadbeigi A, Rajati F. Relationship between perceived social support and self-care behavior in type 2 diabetics: A cross-sectional study. J Educ Health Promot. 2018;7:48.
• Hirpha N, Tatiparthi R, Mulugeta T. Diabetic foot self-care practices among adult diabetic patients: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2020;13:4779.
• Gonzalez JS, Tanenbaum ML, Commissariat PV. Psychosocial factors in medication adherence and diabetes self-management: Implications for research and practice. Am Psychol. 2016;71(7):539.
• Lestari SP, Wihastuti TA, Ismail DDSL. Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review. Journal Kedokteran Brawijaya, 2021;31(4):253-59.
• Berhe KK, Gebru HB, Kahsay HB. Effect of motivational interviewing intervention on HgbA1C and depression in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (systematic review and meta-analysis). PloS one. 2020;15(10):e0240839.
• Dietz CJ, Sherrill WW, Ankomah S, Rennert L, Parisi M, Stancil M. Impact of a community-based diabetes self-management support program on adult self-care behaviors. Health Educ Res. 2023;38(1):1-12.