THE EFFECTS OF ETHICAL CLIMATE TYPES ON JOB SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY

Öz

This research aims to analyse the relationship between ethical climate types and job satisfaction in tourism industry. To achive this objective, an empirical study was conducted on 165 hotel business employees in four-star and five-star hotels licensed by the Culture and Tourism Ministry in the city of Nevsehir, Turkey. Results show that caring positively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction. According to correlation analysis, no significant relationships were found between other four dimensions of ethical climate such as law and code, rules, instrumental, and independence and job satisfaction. Regression analysis results showed that caring could explain differences in job satisfaction. Implications of the findings are discussed and avenues for future research are offered.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ethical climate, job satisfaction, organizational behavior, tourism industry, hotel businesses

ETIKSEL İKLIMIN İŞ TATMINI ÜZERINDEKI ETKISI: TURIZM ENDÜSTRISI ÖRNEĞI

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, turizm endüstrisinde etiksel iklim boyutları ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmektir. Bu hedefe ulşamak için, Nevşehir ilindiki Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı belgeli dört ve beş yıldızlı otellerde çalışan 165 işgörene üzerinde görgül bir araştırma yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, başkalarının iyiliğini isteme boyutu ile iş tatmini arasında pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilirken, diğer dört boyut olan kanun ve kod, kurallar, araçsallık ve bağımsızlık ile iş tatmini arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, başkalarının iyiliğini isteme boyutunun iş tatminini üzerinde açıklayıcı etkiye sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma bulguları tartışılmış ve araştırma alanları önerilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Etiksel iklim, iş tatmini, örgütsel davranış, turizm endüstrisi, otel işletmeleri

Kaynakça

1. Akman, G., C. Ozkan, H. Eris (2008) “The Analysis of the the Effect of the Firm Performance by Using Strategic Focusing and the Firm Strategy”, Istanbul Ticaret Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(13), 93-115.
2. Aydemir, M. (2007) ”The Effects of the Satisfaction of Profession on the Ethical Climate in the Organizations”, 15. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 25-27 Mayıs, Sakarya: Sakarya University, 848- 858.
3. Barnett, T., C. Vaicys (2000) “The Moderating Effect of Individuals’ Perceptions of Ethical Work Climate on Ethical Judgments and Behavioral Intentions”, Journal of Business Ethics, 27, 351-362.
4. Bartels, L.K., E. Harrick, K. Martell, D. Strickland (1998) “The Relationship Between Ethical Climate and Ethical Problems Within Human Resource Management”, Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 799-804.
5. Blaikie, N. (2001) Designing Social Research The Logic of Anticipation, Cambridge: Polity Press.
6. Bozic, L. (2007) “The Effects of Market Orientation on Product Innovation”, Croatian Economic Survey, 9, 107-124.
7. Buchko, A.A., L.G. Weinzimmer, A.V. Sergeyev (1998) “Effects of Cultural Context on the Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Organizational Commitment: A Study of Russian Workers”, Journal of Business Research, 43, 109-116.
8. Deshpande, S.P. (1996) “The Impact of Ethical Climate Types on Facets of Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Investigation”, Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 655-660.

9. Deshpande, S.P., E. George, J. Joseph (2000) “Ethical Climates and Managerial Succes in Russian Organizations”, Journal of Business Ethics, 23, 211-217.
10. Elçi, M., L. Alpkan (2009) “The Impact of Perceived Organizational Ethical Climate on Work Satisfaction” Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 297-311.
11. Erben, G.S., A.B. Güneşer (2008) “The Relationship Between Paternalistic Leadership and Organizational Commitment: Investigating the Role of Climate Regarding Ethics”, Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 955-968.
12. Huberts, L.W.J.C., M. Jeroen, L.J. Carole (2008) “Global Perspectives on Good Governance Policies and Research”, In Ethics and Integrity of Governance (Edited by L. W.J.C. Huberts, J. Maesschalck, C.L. Jurkiewicz), Massachhusetts USA: Edward Elgar.
13. Kalaycı, S. (2009) The Statistics Techniques in Spss Application and Multi Variables, Ankara: Asil.
14. Kaplan, M. (2010) “The Effect of the Perceived of The Ethical Climate and Organizational Support in Hotel Enterprises, The Example of Cappadocia”, Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation, Selçuk University Social Science Institution., Konya, Turkey.
15. Kelley, S.W., M.J. Dorsch (1991) “Ethical Climate, Organizational Commitment and Indeptedness Among Purchasing Executives”, Journal of Personel Selling and Sales Management, 11(4), 55-66.
16. Kim, N.Y., G. Miller (2008) “Perceptions of the Ethical Climate in the Korean Tourism Industry”, Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 941-954.
17. Koh, H.C., E.H.Y. Boo (2001) “The Link Between Organizational Ethics and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Managers in Singapore”, Journal of Business Ethics, 29, 309-324.
18. Kusluvan, S., Z. Kusluvan, I İlhan, L. Buyruk (2010) “The Human Dimension: A Review of Human Resources Management Issues in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry”, Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(2), 171-214.
19. Kusluvan, Z., S. Kusluvan (2003) “The Relative Effects of Factors Related with the Occupation and the Enterprise, The Example of Nevsehir”, Anatolia: Journal of Tourism Researches, 16(2), 183-203.
20. Lewin, A.Y., T. Sakano, C.U. Stephens, B. Victor (1995) “Corporate Citizenship in Japan: Survey Results from Japanese firms”, Journal of Business Ethics, 14, 83-101.
21. Lopez, T.B., B.J. Babin, C. Chung (2009) “Perceptions of Ethical Work Climate and Person-Organization Fit Among Retail Employees in Japan and the US: A Cross-Cultural Scale Validation”, Journal of Business Research, 62, 594-600.
22. Martin, K.D., J.B. Cullen (2006) “Continuities and Extensions of Ethical Climate Theory: A meta-Analytic Review”, Journal of Business Ethics, 69, 175-194.
23. Mulki, J.P., F. Jaramillo, W.B. Locander (2006) “Effects of Ethical Climate and Supervisory Trust on Salesperson’s Job Attitudes and Intentions to Quit”, Journal of Personall Selling & Sales Management, XXVI(1), 19-26.
24. Nunnally, J. (1978) Psychometric Theory, New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
25. Ogut, A., M. Kaplan (2010) “The Relationship between Perceptions of Ethical Climate Types and Affective Commitment: The Case of Turkish Hotel Employees”, 6th International Strategic Management Conference (St. Petersburg, Russia, July 8-10), 893-900.
26. Özgener, S., R. Iraz (2006) “Customer Relationship Management in Small-Medium Enterprises: The Case of Turkish Tourism Industry”, Tourism Management, 27, 1356-1363.
27. Rasmussen, K., D. Malloy, J. Agarwal (2003) “The Ethical Climate of Government and Non-Profit Organizations Implicants For Public-Private Partnerships”, Public Management Review, 5(1), 83-97.
28. Ruppel, C.P., S.J. Harrington (2000) “The Relationship of Communication, Ethical Work Climate, and Trust to Commitment and Innovation”, Journal of Business Ethics, 25, 313-328.
29. Schminke, M., M.L. Ambrose, D.O. Neubaum (2005) “The Effect of Leader Moral Development on Ethical Climate and Employee Attitudes”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 135-151.
30. Schwepker Jr, C.H. (2001) “Ethical Climate’s Relationship to Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention in the Saleforce”, Journal of Business Research, 54, 39-52.
31. Schwepker Jr, C.H., M.D. Hartline (2005) “Managing the Ethical Climate of Customer- Contact Service Employees”, Journal of Service Research, 7(4), 377-397.
32. Sekaran, U. (2003) Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach, Fourth Edition, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
33. Shapira-Lishchinsky, O., Z. Rosenblatt (2009) “Perceptions of Organizational Ethics as Predictors of Work Absence: A Test of Alternative Absence Measures”, Journal of Business Ethics, 88, 717-734.
34. Suar, D., R. Khuntia (2004) “Does Ethical Climate Influence Unethical Practices and Work Behavior”, Journal of Human Values, 10(1), 11-21.
35. Trevino, L.K., A. Nelson Katherine (2004) Managing Business Ethics: Straight Talk About How to do It Right, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
36. Tsai, M.T., C.C. Huang (2008) “The Relationship Among Ethical Climate Types, Facets of Job Satisfaction, and the Three Components of Organizational Commitment: A Study of Nurses in Taiwan”, Journal of Business Ethics, 80, 565-581.
37. Vandenabeele, W. (2009) “The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Self-Reported Performance: More Robust Evidence of the Psm-Performance Relationship”, International Review of the Administrative Sciences, 75(1), 11-34.
38. Victor, B., J.B. Cullen (1988) “The Organizational Bases of Ethical Climates”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 101-125.
39. Weber, J. (1995) “Influences Upon Organizational Ethical Subclimates: A Multi- Departmental Analysis of A Single Firm”, Organizational Science, 6(5), 509- 523.
40. Weber, J., J.E. Seger (2002) “Influences Upon Organizational Ethical Subclimates: A Replication Study of a Single firm at two Points in Time”, Journal of Business Ethics, 41, 69-84.
41. Weeks, W.A., T.W. Loe, L.B. Chonko, K. Wakefield (2004) “The Effects of Perceived Ethical Climate on the Search for Sales Force Excellence”, Journal of Personel Selling and Sales Management, XXIV(3), 199-214.
42. Wimbush, J.C., J.M. Shepard, S.E. Markham (1997) “An Empirical Examination of the Multi-Dimensionality of Ethical Climate in Organizations”, Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 67-77.
43. Wyld, D.C., C.A. Jones (1997) “The Importance of Context: The Ethical Work Climate Construct and Models of Ethical Decision Making-an Agenda for Research”, Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 465-472.