Education, Economic Growth, Population Growth And Income Distribution: Turkish Case

Öz

In recent years, in order to investigate the effect of several important variables on income distribution, many endeavors have been made. The principal variables whose effects on income inequality have been assessed include rate of growth of income, population increase, education level, educational inequality index and economic structure. The overwhelming evidence from these studies indicate that there is a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between educational inequality and income inequality. In this study, the relationship between the same variables are investigated. However, instead of cross-country data used in those studies, we use cross-provincial data available for 19 provinces in Turkey. The statistical results contradict the relationships suggested by the human capital models between variables noted above. In this study, none of the estimated coefficients were found to be statistically significant except the regression coefficient of educational inequality. Furthermore, contrary to our expectations, the sign of the coefficient of educational inequality is found to be negative.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Economic growth
• population increase
• educational inequality
• income inequality
• income redistribution

EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, GELĐR DAĞILIMI, EĞİTİM VE NÜFUS ARTIŞI İLİŞKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Son yıllarda araştırmacılar, gelir dağılımı üzerinde etkisi olabilecek değişkenleri bir bir incelemektedirler. Toplumdaki kişilerin eğitim düzeyi ve dağılımı, bu değişkenler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu konuda yapılan ampirik çalışmaların büyük bir çoğunluğunda, eğitim düzeyi ve eğitim dağılımı, gelir dağılımını açıklayan değişkenler içinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Örneğin, Psacharopoulos’un (1977) çalışmasında elde ettiği bulgulara göre, eğitim eşitsizlik indeksindeki değişiklik, tek başına, gelir dağılımındaki eşitsizliğin yüzde 23’ünü açıklamaktadır. Bu çalışmada da aynı değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Ancak söz konusu çalışmalarda yatay-kesit ülke verileri kullanılırken, bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki 19 İl’in yatay-kesit verileri kullanılmıştır. Beşeri sermaye teorisinin önermelerinin tersine bir sonuç çıkmıştır. Bu iki değişken arasında teoriye göre beklenen işaret pozitif iken, bu çalışmada ortaya çıkan işaret negatiftir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekonomik büyüme
• nüfus artışı
• eğitim eşitsizliği
• gelir eşitsizliği
• gelirin yeniden dağılımı

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