COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERİN SOSYAL KORUMA ÖNLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ

Öz

Bu çalışmada gelişmekte olan ülkelerde Covid-19 pandemisi süresince uygulanan sosyal koruma önlemleri üzerine bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde pandemi benzeri bir krizde kapsamlı sosyal koruma sağlayan politi-kaların ne olduğu sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. İlk olarak, Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü’nün (ILO) işsizlik yardımı verileri ve Dünya Bankası’nın (WB) gelişmekte olan ülkelerin sosyal güvenlik önlemlerine ilişkin Dayanıklılık ve Eşitlik Sosyal Koruma Göstergeleri Atlası (ASPIRE Index) verileri kullanılarak gelişmekte olan ülkelerin sosyal koruma önlemlerine genel bir bakış sunulmuştur. İkinci olarak, Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü’nün (OECD) Koronavirüsle Mücadelede Politika Önlemleri raporlarındaki verilerden yararlanılarak 15 gelişmekte olan ülke örneğinin pandemi süresince uyguladığı sosyal koruma önlemleri analiz edilmiştir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin işsizlik sigortası kapsamı, kayıt dışılık, sosyal sigorta ve sosyal yardımların kapsamı ve erişilebilirliği konularında bazı ortak problemlere sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Pandemi süresince uygulanan sosyal koruma önlemleri ise çoğunlukla mevcut nakit transferin devamsız olarak genişletilmesi, sosyal koruma programlarının kapsamına girmeyen savunmasız kişilere ulaşmak için ek transferler gerçekleştirilmesi gibi geçici tedbirler içermektedir. Çalışma sonucunda bu problemlere yönelik kapsamlı sosyal koruma sağlayabilecek bazı politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19,
• gelişmekte olan ülke,
• kayıt dışılık
• iş tutma programları
• evrensel temel gelir

AN ANALYSIS ON SOCIAL PROTECTION MEASURES OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DURING THE COVİD-19 PANDEMIC

Öz

In this study, an analysis was carried out on the social protection measures applied during the Covid-19 pandemic in developing countries. An answer has been sought to the question of what are the policies that provide comprehensive social protection in a crisis like a pandemic in developing countries. Firstly, an overview of social protection measures of developing countries has been presented using the International Labour Organisation (ILO)’s Unemployment Insurance Data and World Bank (WB) ASPIRE Index Data (Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity). Secondly, social protection measures implemented by 15 developing country samples during the pandemic were analyzed by using the data of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)’s Policy Measures Reports on Tackling Coronavirus. It has been seen that developing countries have some common problems with unemployment insurance coverage, informal economy, social insurance, coverage and accessibility of social assistance. Social protection measures implemented during the pandemic mostly include temporary measures such as extending current cash transfers, making additional transfers to reach vulnerable people who are not covered by social protection programs. As a result of the study, some policy recommendations have been developed that can provide comprehensive social protection for these problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19
• disaster management
• developing countries
• informal economy
• unemployment insurance
• job retention programs
• universal basic income
• Covid-19, disaster management, developing countries, informal economy, unemployment insurance, job retention programs, universal basic income

Kaynakça

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