SUBORDINATE ATTRIBUTIONS FOR UNEXPECTED BEHAVIORS IN SUPERVISOR-SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIPS

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 209 - 233, 01.07.2009

Arzu İlsev

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı çalışanların amirlerinin
beklenmedik davranışlarını hangi faktörlere atfettiklerini incelemektir. Anket
yöntemiyle toplanan verilerin analiz sonuçları amirin davranışının çalışanın
beklentileriyle olan uyumsuzluğu-nun algılanan çekiciliği ile lider-üye
değişiminin kalitesinin beklenmeyen davranış için yapılan atıflara etkide
bulunduklarını göstermektedir. Uyumsuz-luğun çekiciliğinin amirin
olumlu/olumsuz niyetine yapılan atıfları olumlu yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır.
Ayrıca, lider-üye değişimi ilişkisinin kalitesinin hem bu ilişkiyi hem de uyumsuzluğun
çekiciliğiyle içsel atıflar arasındaki ilişkiyi düzenleyici etkisi olduğu
bulunmuştur.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lider-üye değişimi, atıf, atfetme, beklentilerle uyumsuzluk, beklenmeyen davranışlar

SUBORDINATE ATTRIBUTIONS FOR UNEXPECTED BEHAVIORS IN SUPERVISOR-SUBORDINATE RELATIONS

Öz

The purpose of this
study is to examine subordinate attributions made for unexpected supervisor
behaviors in established supervisor-subordinate relationships. Data for this
study were collected from employees through a questionnaire Results of the
analysis suggest that favorability of the supervisor behavior inconsistent with
subordinate expectations along with the quality of the LMX (Leader-Member
Exchange) relationship influence attributions made for unexpected behaviors.
Perceived favorability of deviation had a positive and direct effect on
attribution to positive intentions. Furthermore, quality of the LMX
relationship was found to have a moderating effect on this relationship and the
relationship between perceived favorability of deviation and internal
attribution.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leader-member exchange, attributions, deviation from expectations, unexpected behaviors

Kaynakça

• Aiken, L.S. and S.G. West (1991) Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Baldwin, M.W. (1992) “Relational Schemas and the Processing of Social Information”, Psychological Bulletin, 112, 461-484.
• Bauer, T.N. and S.G. Green (1996) “Development of Leader-Member Exchange: A Longitudinal Test”, Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1538-1567.
• Belmore, S.M. (1987) “Determinants of Attention during Impression Formation”, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 480-489.
• Benet-Martinez, V. and O.P. John (1998) “Los Cinco Grandes across Cultures and Ethnic Groups: Multitrait Multimethod Analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 729-750.
• Bhal, K.T. and M.A. (1996) “Measuring Quality of Interaction between Leaders and Members”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 945-972.
• Bies, R.J. and T.M. Tripp (1996) “Beyond Distrust: ‘Getting Even’ and the Need for Revenge”, in Kramer, R. and Tyler, T. (eds.), Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 246-260.
• Bradbury, T.N. and F.D. Fincham (1990) “Attributions in Marriage: Review and Critique”, Psychological Bulletin, 107, 3-33.
• Bradbury, T.N and F.D. Fincham (1992) “Attributions and Behavior in Marital Interaction”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 613-628.
• Burgoon, J.K. (1993) “Interpersonal Expectations, Expectancy Violations, and Emotional Communication”, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 12, 30-48.
• Dansereau, F., G. Graen, and W.J. Haga (1975) “A Vertical Dyad Linkage Approach to Leadership within Formal Organizations: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Role Making Process”, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13, 46-78.
• Duchon, D., S.G. Green, and T.D. Taber (1986) “Vertical Dyad Linkage: A Longitudinal Assessment of Antecedents, Measures, and Consequences”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 56-60.
• Duck, S. and H. Sants (1983) “On the Origin of the Specious: Are Personal Relationships Really Interpersonal States?”, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1, 27-41.
• Fincham, F.D. (1985) “Attributions in Close Relationships”, in Harvey, J.H. and Weary, G. (eds.), Attribution: Basic Issues and Applications, Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 203-234.
• Fincham, F.D. and J.M. Jaspars (1980) “Attribution of Responsibility: From Man the Scientist to Man as Lawyer”, in Berkowitz, L. (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academy Press, 13, 81-138.
• Fincham, F.D. and T.N. Bradbury (1987) “The Impact of Attributions in Marriage: A Longitudinal Analysis, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 510-517.
• Fletcher, G.J.O. and F.D. Fincham (1991) “Attribution Processes in Close Relationships”, in Fletcher, G.J.O. and Fincham, G.J.O. (eds.), Cognition in Close Relationships, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence-Erlbaum Associates, 7-35.
• Floyd, K. and M. Voloudakis (1999) “Attributions for Expectancy Violating Changes in Affectionate Behavior in Platonic Friendships”, Journal of Psychology, 133, 32-48.
• Gerstner, C.R. and D.V. Day (1997) “Meta-Analytic Review of Leader-Member Exchange Theory: Correlates and Construct Issues”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 827-844.
• Graen, G. and J.F. Cashman (1975) “A Role-Making Model of Leadership in Formal Organizations: A Developmental Approach”, in Hunt, J. G. and Larson, L. L. (eds.), Leadership Frontiers, Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 143-165.
• Graen, G., M.A. Novak, and P. Sommerkamp (1982) “The Effects of Leader-Member Exchange and Job Design on Productivity and Satisfaction: Testing a Dual Attachment Model”, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 30, 109-131.
• Graen, G.B. and T.A. Scandura (1987) “Toward a Psychology of Dyadic Organizing”, in Cummings, L.L. and Staw, B.M. (eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, Vol. 9, 175-208.
• Graen, G. and W. Schiemann (1978) “Leader-Member Agreement: A Vertical Dyad Linkage Approach”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 206-212.
• Graen G. and M. Uhl-Bien (1995) “Relationship-Based Approach to Leadership: Development of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory of Leadership over 25 Years: Applying a Multi-Level Multi-Domain Perspective”, Leadership Quarterly, 6, 219-247.
• Hackman, J.R. and E.E. Lawler (1971) “Employee Reactions to Job Characteristics”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 55, 259-286.
• Harvey, O.J. and W.F. Clapp (1965) “Hope, Expectancy, and Reactions to the Unexpected”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 45-52.
• Hastie, R. (1984) “Causes and Effects of Causal Attribution”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 44-56.
• Heider, F. (1958) The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, New York: Wiley.
• Hemsley, G.D. and H.H.C. Marmurek (1982) “Person Memory: The Processing of Consistent and Inconsistent Person Information”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 433-438.
• Hilton, J.L., J.G. Klein, and W. von Hippel (1991) “Attention Allocation and Impression Formation”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 548-559.
• Jones, W.H. and M.P. Burdette (1994) “Betrayal in Relationships”, in Weber, A. and Harvey, S. (eds.), Perspectives on Close Relationships, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 243-262.
• Karney, B. R. and T. N. Bradbury (2000) “Attributions in Marriage: State or Trait? A Growth Curve Analysis”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 295-309.
• Karney, B.R., T.N. Bradbury, F.D. Fincham, and K.T. Sullivan (1994) “The Role of Negative Affectivity in the Association between Attributions and Marital Satisfaction”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 413-424.
• Kelley, H.H. (1973) “The Process of Causal Attribution”, American Psychologist, 28, 107-128.
• Kim, K.I. and D.W. Organ (1982) “Determinants of Leader-Subordinate Exchange Relationships”, Group and Organization Studies, 7, 77-89.
• Kramer, R.M. (1994) “The Sinister Attribution Error: Paranoid Cognition and Collective Distrust in Organizations”, Motivation and Emotion, 18, 199-230.
• Liden, R.C. and G. Graen (1980) “Generalizability of the Vertical Dyad Linkage Model of Leadership”, Academy of Management Journal, 23, 451-465.
• Liden, R.C. and J.M. Maslyn (1998) “Multidimensionality of Leader-Member Exchange: An Empirical Assessment through Scale Development”, Journal of Management, 24, 43-72.
• Liden, R. C., R. T. Sparrowe, and S. J. Wayne (1997) “Leader-Member Exchange Theory: The Past and Potential for the Future”, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 15, 47-119.
• Liden, R.C., S.J. Wayne and D. Stilwell (1993) “A Longitudinal Study on the Early Development of Leader-Member Exchanges”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 662-674.
• Locke, E.A. (1969) “What is Job Satisfaction?”, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 309-336.
• McClelland, D.C., J.W. Atkinson, R.A. Clark, and E.L. Lowell (1953) The Achievement Motive, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
• Olson, J.M., N.J. Roese and M.P. Zanna (1996) “Expectancies”, in Higgins, E. T. and Kruglanski, A. W. (eds.), Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, New York: The Guilford Press, 211-238.
• Planalp, S. (1987) “Interplay between Relational Knowledge and Events”, in Burnett, R., McGhee, P., and Clarke, D. (eds.), Accounting for Relationships: Explanation, Representation, and Knowledge, London: Methuen, 175-191.
• Planalp, S. and M. Rivers (1996) “Changes in Knowledge of Personal Relationships”, in Fletcher, G.O. and Fitness, J. (eds.), Knowledge Structures in Close Relationships: A Social Psychological Approach, 299-324.
• Pyszczynski, T.A. and J. Greenberg (1981) “Role of Disconfirmed Expectancies in the Instigation of Attributional Processing”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 31-38.
• Ross, L. (1977) “The Intuitive Psychologist and His Shortcomings: Distortions in the Attribution Process”, in Berkowitz, L. (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 10, 173-220.
• Shultz, T.R., M. Schleifer and I. Altman (1981) “Judgments of Causation, Responsibility, and Punishment in Cases of Harm-Doing”, Canadian Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 12, 238-253.
• Tepper, B.J. (2000) “Consequences of Abusive Supervision”, Academy of Management Journal, 43, 178-190.
• Warr, P.B., J. Cook, and T.D. Wall (1979) “Scales for the Measurement of Some Work Attitudes and Aspects of Psychological Well-being”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 129-148.
• Wong, P.T.P. and B. Weiner (1983) “When People Ask for ‘why’ Questions, and the Heuristics of Attributional Search”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 650-663.