İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE KÜRESELLEŞMENİN ARKTİKA EKONOMİK DÖNÜŞÜMÜ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK BÖLGE POLİTİKALARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 437 - 446, 30.12.2018

Gözde Yirmibeşoğlu Fatma Cande Yaşar Dinçer

https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.420050

Öz

In
the last century, climate change has been more influential in the Arctic when
compared with the rest of the world. Access in the region becomes easier due to
global warming, leading to longer seasonal opportunity for shipping and
transportation. Consequently, search for new resources and their extraction has
become easier. All these developments have allowed globalization movements to
accelerate in the region. Due to its geographical location, the United Kingdom
has the opportunity to interact with the region by means of a variety of
routes. The country has been searching for petrol and natural gas in the coasts
of the Arctic since 1960. Moreover, strategically important companies offering
goods and services to a large variety of industrial areas based on the Artic
are substantially experienced in areas such as insurance and risk management,
shipping and mining. Thus, the United Kingdom focuses on increasing its
economic profit by widening its activities. Therefore, it spends great effort
to strengthen bilateral relations with the countries of the region. To sum up,
the aim of this study is to investigate the reasons why the Arctic has been
playing a primary role in international trade along with the impact of climate
change on regional economic activities as well as economic policies of the
United Kingdom in this region. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

International trade, climate change, globalization, the Arctic, the United Kingdom

EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE ARCTIC: AN EVALUATION OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC POLICIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

Öz

İklim değişikliği özellikle son yüz yıldır Arktika’da etkisini dünyanın
geri kalanına göre iki kat daha fazla hissettirmektedir. Isınma neticesinde
bölge erişilebilirliği artmakta, ulaşım ve denizcilik için uzun sezon
fırsatları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda yeni kaynak arama ve çıkarma
faaliyetleri kolaylaşmaktadır. Tüm bu gelişmeler küreselleşme hareketlerinin
bölgede hız kazanmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Birleşik Krallık, coğrafi konumu
sayesinde bölgeyle farklı rotalar yoluyla etkileşime girebilme olanağına
sahiptir. Ülke, 1960’lardan bu yana Arktika kıyılarında petrol ve doğal gaz
arama faaliyetlerinde bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca büyüyen birçok sanayiye ürün ve
hizmet sunmak için stratejik pozisyonda bulunan şirketler; sigorta ve risk
yönetimi, denizcilik ve mineral çıkarma da dâhil olmak üzere Arktika’da
faaliyet gösteren çeşitli sektörlerde geniş deneyim sahibidirler. Birleşik
Krallık bölgede faaliyet alanını genişleterek ekonomik çıkarlarını artırmak
istemektedir. Bu amaçla bölge ülkeleriyle ikili ilişkilerini sağlamlaştırmaya
gayret göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada Arktika’nın uluslararası
ticarette gün geçtikçe yükselen bir değere sahip olmasının nedenlerinin
araştırılarak iklim değişikliğinin bölge ekonomik faaliyetlerinde yarattığı
transfromasyonların ve Birleşik Krallık’ın bölgede yürüttüğü ekonomik
politikaların incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası ticaret, iklim değişikliği, küreselleşme, Arktika, Birleşik Krallık

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