ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTREPRENEUR BEHAVIOR FROM HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW TURKEY’S PERSPECTIVE

Öz

Aim - Taking today’s technology and the aspects of the 21st century into consideration, entrepreneurship is a crucial point on businesses’ roadmap. It is an acknowledged fact that entrepreneurship is a key element in businesses’ struggle to survive and in providing micro- or macro-level development and growth. In this vein, the aim of the study is to present a roadmap for entrepreneurs who own businesses on points such as how to handle and manage the process. Methodology - The study was conducted with a qualitative method. In the qualitative research process, data was obtained through documents; and in the analysis, findings were analyzed with Maxqda 2021 qualitative analysis software. The journal “Harvard Business Review Turkey” was used as a database and the search for the term “entrepreneurship” yielded 267 studies (articles, blogs, videos, and interviews). All these studies were obtained from the database, analyzed and added to the study’s dataset. Findings - The results of the analysis show that codes related to entrepreneurship are intensively grouped under 8 themes. Among significant findings of the study are: individuals’ tendency towards globalisation and in-house entrepreneurship in terms of handling processes; customer orientation and value creation; entrepreneurial spirit and mindset for success; innovation within the process; digitalisation and integration of technology with entrepreneurial skills. Original value - Rather than focusing on the concepts within the entrepreneurial process for business owners and actors in the business world, the study presents a pattern regarding how to handle this process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Entrepreneur
• Entrepreneurship
• Entrepreneurial Process
• Business World

HARVARD BUSİNESS REVİEW TÜRKİYE PERSPEKTİFİNDEN GİRİŞİMCİLİK VE GİRİŞİMCİ DAVRANIŞI

Öz

Amaç - Girişimcilik, günümüz teknoloji ve yüzyılın özellikleri göz önüne alındığında; firmaların yol haritasında mutlak bir adres olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Girişimcilik aynı zamanda firmaların ayakta kalma mücadelesinde; işletmeleri makro ve mikro düzeyde kalkınma ve büyümenin sağlanmasında, çıkış anahtarı önemini taşıdığı da yadsınamaz bir gerçek haline gelmiştir. Bu noktada çalışmanın amacı, iş dünyasında işletme sahibi girişimcilerin süreci nasıl ele alması gerektiği ve süreci nasıl yöneteceği gibi noktalarda bir yol haritası sunmak hedeflenmektedir. Yöntem - Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür. Nitel araştırma sürecinde bilgiler dokümanlar yoluyla elde edilerek; analiz aşamasında ise Maxqda 2021 nitel analiz programı aracılığıyla bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Veri tabanında ise Türkiye HBR dergisi alt yapısı kullanılarak “Girişimcilik” taramasında dergi bünyesinde konuyla ilgili toplam 267 çalışma (makale, blog yazıları, videolar, röportajlar) olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmaların tümü veri kaynağından elde edilerek incelenmiş ve araştırmanın veri setine dahil edilmiştir. Sonuçlar- Yapılan analiz sonuçların girişimcilikle ilgili kodlamaların ağırlıklı sekiz tema altın toplandığı görülmüştür. Girişimcilikte bireylerin süreçleri ele almada küreselleşme ve kurum içi girişimciliğe yönelmeleri; müşteri odaklılık ve değer yaratma, başarı için girişimci ruh ve zihniyet; süreçte inovasyon, dijitalleşme ve teknolojinin girişimcilik yeteneğiyle birleşmesi çalışmanın önemli bulguları arasındadır. Özgün Değer- Girişimcilik sürecinde firma sahipleri ya da iş dünyasında faaliyet gösteren aktörlerin süreçteki kavramların ne olduğundan ziyade; süreci nasıl ele alması konusundaki örüntünün ortaya koyulması.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Girişimci
• Girişimcilik
• Girişimcilik Süreci
• İş Dünyası

Kaynakça

1. Aas, T. H., & Alaassar, A. (2018). The Impact Of Vısual Performance Management on Decısıon-Makıng in The Entrepreneurıal Process. International Journal of Innovation Management, 22(5), 1-14.
2. Ács, Z. J., Autio, E., & Szerb, L. (2014). National Systems of Entrepreneurship: Measurement Issues And Policy Implications. Research Policy, 43(3), 476–494.
3. Ahmad, N. & Seymour, R. G., (2008). Defining Entrepreneurial Activity: Definitions Supporting Frameworks for Data Collection, OECD Statistics Working Paper, STD/DOC 1.
4. Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
5. Aydemir, B. & Ortay, S. (2017). Otelcilik ve Turizm Yönetimi Dergilerinde Yayınlanan Girişimcilik Araştırmalarının Gelişimi (2007 2015).Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 12(2), 91-97.
6. Baron, R. A. (2006). Opportunity Recognition as Pattern Recognition: How Entrepreneurs “Connect the Dots” to Identify New Business Opportunities. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(1), 104–119.
7. Baron, R. A., & Markman, G. D. (2018). Toward a Process View of Entrepreneurship: The Changing Impact of Individual-Level Variables Across Phases of New Firm Development. In Current Topics in Management , Routledge, 45-63.
8. Baum, J. R., Frese, M., Baron, R. A. & Katz, J. A., (2007), Entrepreneurship as an Area of Psychology Study: An Introduction, In J. R. Baum, M. Frese and R. A. Baron (Eds.), The Psychology of Entrepreneurship (pp. 1-18), Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum.

9. Bjørnskov, C., & Foss, N. (2013). How Strategic Entrepreneurship and The Institutional Context Drive Economic Growth. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(1), 50–69.
10. Bygrave, W.D. (2011), The Portable MBA in Entrepreneurship, Fourth Edition, 1-26.
11. Dileo, I., & García Pereiro, T. (2018). Assessing The Impact of Individual and Context Factors on The Entrepreneurial Process. A Cross-Country Multilevel Approach. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(1), 1393-1441.
12. Fellnhofer, K., & Kraus, S. (2015). Examining Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurship Education: A Comparative Analysis Among Experts. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 7(4), 396.
13. Ferreira, J. J. M., Fernandes, C. I., & Kraus, S. (2017). Entrepreneurship Research: Mapping Intellectual Structures And Research Trends. Review of Managerial Science, 13(1), 181-205.
14. Galindo, M.-Á., & Méndez, M. T. (2014). Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth, and Innovation: Are Feedback Effects at Work? Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 825–829.
15. Gielnik, M. M., Frese, M., Graf, J. M., & Kampschulte, A. (2012). Creativity in The Opportunity Identification Process and The Moderating Effect of Diversity of İnformation. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(5), 559–576.
16. Gielnik, M. M., Zacher, H., & Wang, M. (2018). Age in The Entrepreneurial Process: The Role of Future Time Perspective And Prior Entrepreneurial Experience. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(10), 1067-1085.
17. Gieure,C., María del Mar B.-E., & Salvador R-D. (2020).The Entrepreneurial Process: The Link Between Intentions and Behavior, Journal of Business Research, 112(1), 541-548.
18. Kuratko, D. F. (2005). The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Education: Development, Trends, and Challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 577–598.
19. Liñán, F. & A. Fayolle (2015). A Systematic Literature Review on Entrepreneurial Intentions: Citation, Thematic Analyses and Research Agenda. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 907-933.
20. McMullan, W. E., Long, W. A., & Graham, J. B. (1986). Assessing Economic Value Added By University-Based New-Venture Outreach Programs. Journal of Business Venturing, 1(2), 225–240.
21. McMullen, J. S., & Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial Action and The Role of Uncertainty in The Theory of The Entrepreneur. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 132–152.
22. Meyer, M., Libaers, D., Thijs, B., Grant, K., Glanzel, W. & Debackere, K. (2013). Origin and Emergence of Entrepreneurship as a Research Field. Scientometrics, 98(1), 473-485.
23. Örge, Ö., Yener, M.İ., Aykol, S. & Göğüş, C.I. (2009). Girişimci mi, Girişimcilik mi? Girişimcilik Çalışmalarında Bireyin Yüceltilmesi. 17. Ulusal Yonetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiri Kitapcığı, 21-23 Mayıs, Eskişehir. 72-76.
24. Packard, M. D., Clark, B. B., & Klein, P. G. (2017). Uncertainty Types and Transitions in The Entrepreneurial Process. Organization Science, 28(5), 840–856.
25. Pauceanu, A., Alpenidze, O., Edu, T., & Zaharia, R. (2018). What Determinants Influence Students to Start Their Own Business? Empirical Evidence from United Arab Emirates Universities. Sustainability, 11(1), 92.
26. Postigo, Á., Cuesta, M., & García-Cueto, E. (2021). Entrepreneurial Personality, Conscientiousness, Self Control, and Grit: The Psychological Side of Self-employment. Anales de Psicología, 37(2), 361-370.
27. Pryor, C., Webb, J. W., Ireland, R. D. & Ketchen, Jr, D. J. (2016). Toward an Integration of The Behavioral and Cognitive Influences on The Entrepreneurship Process. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 10(1), 21-42.
28. Rauch, A., Fink, M. & Hatak, I. (2018). Stress processes: An Essential Ingredient in The Entrepreneurial Process. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(3), 340-357.
29. Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and Effectuation: Toward a Theoretical Shift from Economic Inevitability to Entrepreneurial Contingency. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243–263.
30. Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In: A. K. Calvin, L. S. Donald, & H. V. Karl, Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. p. 72-90.
31. Shepherd, D. A., Williams, T. A., & Patzelt, H. (2014). Thinking About Entrepreneurial Decision Making. Journal of Management, 41(1), 11-46.
32. Su, Y., Wu, N., & Zhou, X. (2018). An entrepreneurial process model from an institutional perspective. Nankai Business Review International.
33. Suárez-Álvarez, Javier & Pedrosa, Ignacio. (2016). The Assessment of Entrepreneurial Personality: The Current Situation and Future Directions. Papeles del Psicologo, 37(1), 62-68.
34. Van Der Veen, Marijke & Wakkee, Ingrid. (2004). Van Der Veen And Wakkee: “Understanding The Entrepreneurial Process Understanding The Entrepreneurial Process”, In Book: Annual Review of Progress in Entrepreneurship (ARPENT), Publisher: EFMD, Editors: David. Watkins
35. Van Stel, A., Carree, M., & Thurik, R. (2005). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311–321.
36. Venkataraman S., Sarasvathy S., Dew N., & Forster W. (2012). Reflections on The 2010 AMR Decade Award: Whither The Promise? Moving Forward With Entrepreneurship as a Science of The Artificial. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 21–33.
37. Wiklund, J., Davidsson, P., Audretsch, D. B., & Karlsson, C. (2011). The Future of Entrepreneurship Research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 1–9.
38. Yalçın, İ. & İşcan, Y.M. (2021). Türkiye’de 2009-2018 Yılları Arasında KOBİ’ler ve Girişimcilik Üzerine Yapılan Araştırmaların Değerlendirilmesi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 244-260.