Araştırma Makalesi
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The Relation between Transportation Applications for Elderly and Local Scale: Beşiktaş District

Yıl 2022, , 657 - 687, 02.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1066550

Öz

The life expectancy of societies has grown as a result of more active and healthier lifestyles, as has the proportion of the elderly population. This situation triggered the graying of the society and the work of different disciplines on the subject. On the other hand, the mobility of an aging population has become a topic of transportation, and policies for elderly people, particularly in the West, have acquired prominence. This study examines transportation policies for the elderly on a local scale through the study area. The mobility requirements of the elderly, user subgroups, transportation policies, and transportation applications for these policies were investigated in this context, as well as how neighborhood-based practices in the Beşiktaş district would alter geographically. Levels of accessibility and availability, which stand out in the transportation needs of the elderly, were assessed on the basis of district neighborhoods using GIS analyses. Following the analyses, it was discovered that the neighborhoods in need of assistance are clustered in three main regions: Kuzey Beşiktaş, Hilal, and Beşiktaş Bazaar. Arnavutköy distinguishes out among the neighborhoods in terms of transportation applications. The study revealed that although the transportation policies for the elderly are determined throughout the district, the practices vary at lower scales.

Kaynakça

  • AB (Avrupa Birliği). (2014). Growing older, staying mobile: Transport need for an aging society (GOAL). https://trimis.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/project/documents/ 20140115_095617_32515_Action_Plan__Transport_Needs_of_an_Aging_Society.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • AÇSHB (Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı). (2020). Yaşlı Nüfusun Demografik Değişimi 2020. https://www.aile.gov.tr/media/45354/yasli-nufus-demografik-degisimi-2020.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Akiyama, T. ve Kim, J. K. (2005). Transportation policies for the elderly and disabled in Japan. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 9(2), ss. 87–98. doi: 10.1080/12265934.2005.9693575.
  • Alves, F. Cruz, S. Ribeiro, A. Silve, A.B. Martins, J. ve Cunha, I. (2020). Walkability Index for Elderly Health: A Proposal. Sustainability, 12(18), 7360; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187360
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2018). The silver economy. 18 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://doi.org/10.2759/685036 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (t.y.). Active ageing. Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion. 18 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1062&langId=en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Benedetti, T. R. B., Borges, L.J., Petroski, E.L., Gonçalves, L.H. (2008). Physical activity and mental health status among elderly people, Revista de Saude Publica, 42(2), ss. 302–307. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102008005000007.
  • Beşiktaş Belediyesi. (2019). 2020-2024 Yılları Beşiktaş Belediyesi Stratejik Planı. 18 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.besiktas.bel.tr/Resimler/file/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F%20Belediyesi%202020-2024%20Stratejik%20Plan%C4%B1.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Black, W. R. (2001). An unpopular essay on transportation. Journal of Transport Geography, 9(1), ss. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/S0966-6923(00)00045-4.
  • Borrell, C., Plasència, A., Huisman, M., Costa, G., Kunst, A., Andersen, O., Bopp, M., Borgan, J.K., Deboosere, P., Glickman, M., Gadeyne, S., Min-der, C., Regidor, E., Spadea, T., Valkonen, T., Mackenbach, J.P. (2005). Education level inequalities and transportation injury mortality in the middle aged and elderly in European settings. Injury Prevention, 11(3), ss. 138–142. doi: 10.1136/ip.2004.006346.
  • Cheng, L., Caset, F., De Vos, J., Derudder, B., Witlox, F. (2019). Investigating walking accessibility to recreational amenities for elderly people in Nanjing, China. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. Elsevier, 76(June), ss. 85–99. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2019.09.019.
  • Gilderbloom, J. I. ve Rosentraub, M. S. (1990). Creating the Accessible City: Proposals for Providing Housing and Transportation for Low Income, Elderly and Disabled Individuals. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 49(3), ss. 271–282. doi: 10.1111/j.1536-7150.1990.tb02279.x.Israel
  • Cirella, G.T. Bak, M. Kozlak, A. Pawłowska, B. ve Borkowski, P. (2019). Transport innovations for elderly people. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 30(100381). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2019.100381. Dünya Bankası. (t.y.). Social Inclusion. 19 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/social-inclusion#1 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • İBB (İSTANBUL BÜYÜKŞEHIR BELEDİYESİ). (2021). https://sehirplanlama.ibb.istanbul/besiktas-ilcesi/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Kim, D. (2019). The transportation safety of elderly pedestrians: Modeling contributing factors to elderly pedestrian collisions. Accident Analysis and Prevention. Elsevier, 131(July), ss. 268–274. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.07.009.
  • Kim, S. (2003). Analysis of elderly mobility by structural equation modeling. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1854(1),81-89.
  • Kim, S. (2011). Transportation alternatives of the elderly after driving cessation. Transportation Research Record, (2265), ss. 170–176. doi: 10.3141/2265-19.
  • Levasseur, M., Genereux, M., Bruneau, J.F., Vanesse, A., Chabot, E., Beaulac, C., Bedard, M.M. (2015). Importance of proximity to resources, social support, transportation and neighborhood security for mobility and social participation in older adults: Results from a scoping study, BMC Public Health. BMC Public Health, 15(1), ss. 1–19. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1824-0.
  • OECD. (2001). Ageing and transport: Mobility needs and safety issues. (Summary). https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/transport/ageing-and-transport_9789264195851-en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Okada, A. (2012). Is an increased elderly population related to decreased CO 2 emissions from road transportation?. Energy Policy. Elsevier, 45, ss. 286–292. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.033.
  • Rittner, B. ve Kirk, A. B. (1995). Health care and public transportation use by poor and frail elderly people. Social Work (United States), 40(3), ss. 365–373. doi: 10.1093/sw/40.3.365.
  • Roser, M., Ortiz-Ospina, E. ve Ritchie, H. (2013). Life Expectancy. Published online at OurWorldInData.org. 'https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy' [Online Resource] adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Preston, J. ve Raje, F. (2007). Accesibility, mobility and transporty-related social exclusion. Journal of Transport Geography. 15(3), ss. 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2006.05.002.
  • Schmöcker, J. D., Quddus, M., Noland, R. B., Bell, M. G. H. (2005). Estimating trip generation of elderly and disabled people: Analysis of London data. Transportation Research Record, (1924), ss. 9–18. doi: 10.3141/1924-02.
  • Schwarzlose, A. A., Mjelde, J. W., Dudensing, R.M., Jin, Y., Cherrington, L. K., Chen, J. (2014), Willingness to pay for public transportation options for improving the quality of life of the rural elderly. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. Elsevier Ltd, 61(2014), ss. 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2013.12.009.
  • Stern, S. (1993). A disaggregate discrete choice model of transportation demand by elderly and disabled people in rural Virginia. Transportation Research Part A, 27(4), ss. 315–327. doi: 10.1016/0965-8564(93)90004-5.
  • Su, F., Schmöcker, J. D., ve Bell, M. G. (2009). Mode choice of older people before and after shopping: A study with London data. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2(1),29–46
  • T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. (t.y.). Corine Nedir? Corine Projesi. https://corine.tarimorman.gov.tr/corineportal/nedir.html adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • WHO. (2007). Global Age-friendly Cities: A Guide. https://www.who.int/ageing/publications/Global_age_friendly_cities_Guide_English.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Yang, L., Liu, J., Lu, Y., Ao, Y., Guo, Y., Huang, W., Zhao, R., Wang, R. (2020). Global and local associations between urban greenery and travel propensity of older adults in Hong Kong. Sustainable Cities and Society, 63(August). doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102442.

Yaşlılar İçin Ulaşım Uygulamalarının Yerel Ölçekle İlişkisi: Beşiktaş İlçesi

Yıl 2022, , 657 - 687, 02.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1066550

Öz

Daha aktif ve sağlıklı yaşam ile birlikte bireylerin yaşam süresi uzamış ve toplum içindeki yaşlı nüfusu oranı artmıştır. Bu durum toplumun grileşmesini ve farklı disiplinlerin konu hakkında çalışmasını tetiklemiştir. Diğer yandan ise yaşlanan toplumun hareketliliği ulaşımın bir konusu haline gelmiş, özellikle Batı’da yaşlı bireylere yönelik ulaşım politikaları önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışma, yaşlılara yönelik ulaşım politikalarını çalışma alanı üzerinden yerel ölçekte incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, yaşlıların ulaşım ihtiyaçları, kullanıcı alt grupları, ulaşım politikaları ve bu politikalara yönelik ulaşım uygulamaları irdelenmiş, Beşiktaş ilçesi özelinde mahalle bazında uygulamaları mekânsal olarak nasıl değişileceği ele alınmıştır. Yaşlı bireylerin ulaşım ihtiyaçlarında öne çıkan erişilebilirlik ve bulunabilirlik seviyeleri CBS ortamında gerçekleştirilen analizler doğrultusunda ilçe mahalleleri bazında değerlendirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, müdahale gerektiren mahallelerin Kuzey Beşiktaş, Hilal ve Beşiktaş Çarşı olarak üç odak bölgede toplandığı ve mahalleler arasında Arnavutköy’ün ulaşım uygulamaları için mekânsal olarak öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Çalışma yaşlılara yönelik ulaşım politikalarının ilçe genelinde belirlenmesine rağmen, uygulamaların daha alt ölçeklerde farklılaşacağını ortaya koymuştur.

Kaynakça

  • AB (Avrupa Birliği). (2014). Growing older, staying mobile: Transport need for an aging society (GOAL). https://trimis.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/project/documents/ 20140115_095617_32515_Action_Plan__Transport_Needs_of_an_Aging_Society.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • AÇSHB (Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı). (2020). Yaşlı Nüfusun Demografik Değişimi 2020. https://www.aile.gov.tr/media/45354/yasli-nufus-demografik-degisimi-2020.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Akiyama, T. ve Kim, J. K. (2005). Transportation policies for the elderly and disabled in Japan. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 9(2), ss. 87–98. doi: 10.1080/12265934.2005.9693575.
  • Alves, F. Cruz, S. Ribeiro, A. Silve, A.B. Martins, J. ve Cunha, I. (2020). Walkability Index for Elderly Health: A Proposal. Sustainability, 12(18), 7360; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187360
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2018). The silver economy. 18 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://doi.org/10.2759/685036 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (t.y.). Active ageing. Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion. 18 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1062&langId=en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Benedetti, T. R. B., Borges, L.J., Petroski, E.L., Gonçalves, L.H. (2008). Physical activity and mental health status among elderly people, Revista de Saude Publica, 42(2), ss. 302–307. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102008005000007.
  • Beşiktaş Belediyesi. (2019). 2020-2024 Yılları Beşiktaş Belediyesi Stratejik Planı. 18 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://www.besiktas.bel.tr/Resimler/file/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F%20Belediyesi%202020-2024%20Stratejik%20Plan%C4%B1.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Black, W. R. (2001). An unpopular essay on transportation. Journal of Transport Geography, 9(1), ss. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/S0966-6923(00)00045-4.
  • Borrell, C., Plasència, A., Huisman, M., Costa, G., Kunst, A., Andersen, O., Bopp, M., Borgan, J.K., Deboosere, P., Glickman, M., Gadeyne, S., Min-der, C., Regidor, E., Spadea, T., Valkonen, T., Mackenbach, J.P. (2005). Education level inequalities and transportation injury mortality in the middle aged and elderly in European settings. Injury Prevention, 11(3), ss. 138–142. doi: 10.1136/ip.2004.006346.
  • Cheng, L., Caset, F., De Vos, J., Derudder, B., Witlox, F. (2019). Investigating walking accessibility to recreational amenities for elderly people in Nanjing, China. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. Elsevier, 76(June), ss. 85–99. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2019.09.019.
  • Gilderbloom, J. I. ve Rosentraub, M. S. (1990). Creating the Accessible City: Proposals for Providing Housing and Transportation for Low Income, Elderly and Disabled Individuals. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 49(3), ss. 271–282. doi: 10.1111/j.1536-7150.1990.tb02279.x.Israel
  • Cirella, G.T. Bak, M. Kozlak, A. Pawłowska, B. ve Borkowski, P. (2019). Transport innovations for elderly people. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 30(100381). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2019.100381. Dünya Bankası. (t.y.). Social Inclusion. 19 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/social-inclusion#1 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • İBB (İSTANBUL BÜYÜKŞEHIR BELEDİYESİ). (2021). https://sehirplanlama.ibb.istanbul/besiktas-ilcesi/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Kim, D. (2019). The transportation safety of elderly pedestrians: Modeling contributing factors to elderly pedestrian collisions. Accident Analysis and Prevention. Elsevier, 131(July), ss. 268–274. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.07.009.
  • Kim, S. (2003). Analysis of elderly mobility by structural equation modeling. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1854(1),81-89.
  • Kim, S. (2011). Transportation alternatives of the elderly after driving cessation. Transportation Research Record, (2265), ss. 170–176. doi: 10.3141/2265-19.
  • Levasseur, M., Genereux, M., Bruneau, J.F., Vanesse, A., Chabot, E., Beaulac, C., Bedard, M.M. (2015). Importance of proximity to resources, social support, transportation and neighborhood security for mobility and social participation in older adults: Results from a scoping study, BMC Public Health. BMC Public Health, 15(1), ss. 1–19. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1824-0.
  • OECD. (2001). Ageing and transport: Mobility needs and safety issues. (Summary). https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/transport/ageing-and-transport_9789264195851-en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Okada, A. (2012). Is an increased elderly population related to decreased CO 2 emissions from road transportation?. Energy Policy. Elsevier, 45, ss. 286–292. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.033.
  • Rittner, B. ve Kirk, A. B. (1995). Health care and public transportation use by poor and frail elderly people. Social Work (United States), 40(3), ss. 365–373. doi: 10.1093/sw/40.3.365.
  • Roser, M., Ortiz-Ospina, E. ve Ritchie, H. (2013). Life Expectancy. Published online at OurWorldInData.org. 'https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy' [Online Resource] adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Preston, J. ve Raje, F. (2007). Accesibility, mobility and transporty-related social exclusion. Journal of Transport Geography. 15(3), ss. 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2006.05.002.
  • Schmöcker, J. D., Quddus, M., Noland, R. B., Bell, M. G. H. (2005). Estimating trip generation of elderly and disabled people: Analysis of London data. Transportation Research Record, (1924), ss. 9–18. doi: 10.3141/1924-02.
  • Schwarzlose, A. A., Mjelde, J. W., Dudensing, R.M., Jin, Y., Cherrington, L. K., Chen, J. (2014), Willingness to pay for public transportation options for improving the quality of life of the rural elderly. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. Elsevier Ltd, 61(2014), ss. 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2013.12.009.
  • Stern, S. (1993). A disaggregate discrete choice model of transportation demand by elderly and disabled people in rural Virginia. Transportation Research Part A, 27(4), ss. 315–327. doi: 10.1016/0965-8564(93)90004-5.
  • Su, F., Schmöcker, J. D., ve Bell, M. G. (2009). Mode choice of older people before and after shopping: A study with London data. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2(1),29–46
  • T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. (t.y.). Corine Nedir? Corine Projesi. https://corine.tarimorman.gov.tr/corineportal/nedir.html adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • WHO. (2007). Global Age-friendly Cities: A Guide. https://www.who.int/ageing/publications/Global_age_friendly_cities_Guide_English.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Yang, L., Liu, J., Lu, Y., Ao, Y., Guo, Y., Huang, W., Zhao, R., Wang, R. (2020). Global and local associations between urban greenery and travel propensity of older adults in Hong Kong. Sustainable Cities and Society, 63(August). doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102442.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayşe Burcu Kısacık 0000-0001-8686-9839

Merve Deniz Tak 0000-0002-9884-5962

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Kısacık, A. B., & Tak, M. D. (2022). Yaşlılar İçin Ulaşım Uygulamalarının Yerel Ölçekle İlişkisi: Beşiktaş İlçesi. İDEALKENT, 13(36), 657-687. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1066550