Mikromobilite – Ulaşıma Mucizevi Bir Çözüm Mü, Yoksa Bir Hayal Kırıklığı Mı?

Yıl 2022, , 576 - 598, 02.08.2022

Selim Dündar , Gürkan Günay , Agne Karlikanovaite-balıkçı , Ecem Şentürk Berktaş , İrem Merve Ulu

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1066650

Cited By: 1

Öz

Mikromobilite sistemleri son yıllarda dünyanın pek çok bölgesinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de oldukça popüler olmaya başlamıştır. Mikromobilite sistemlerinin popülerliğinin artmasının ana nedenleri, artan araç paylaşım sistemleri, özellikle son kilometre ya da son mil olarak tanımlanan kısa mesafelerde ekonomik bir alternatif olması, trafik sıkışıklıklarından en alt düzeyde etkilenmesi ve bu sistemlerin çevre dostu olduğu algıları bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu düşünce ya da algıların ne kadar gerçeği yansıttığı üzerinde dikkatlice durulması gereken bir konudur. Mikromobilite sistemleri, özellikle zevkli bir kullanıma sahip olduğundan büyük oranda gençler tarafından oldukça popüler olmaya başlamış ulaşım türleridir. Ancak, güvenliği düşük, trafik sıkışıklıklarına çözüm sunamayan ve kamuoyunda oluşan genel algının aksine çevreye olumsuz etkileri olan bir alternatiftir. Yine de motorlu taşıtların yerine son kilometre ulaşımında tamamlayıcı bir ulaşım türü olarak kullanıldığında önemli ve olumlu bir ulaşım alternatifi sunmaktadır. Buna karşın, mikromobilite sistemlerinin etkinliğini belirlemek için sosyal fayda/maliyet analizleri gibi kapsamlı çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmeli, gerekirse bu sistemlerin kullanımına ilişkin önemli yasal düzenlemeler gerçekleştirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikromobilite, Ulaşım Planlaması, Trafik Mühendisliği, Karayolu Trafik Güvenliği, Çevresel Etkiler

Micromobility – A Miraculous Solution to Transportation or a Disappointment?

Öz

Micromobility systems became very popular in Turkey as well as in many parts of the world in recent years. The main reasons for the increase in the popularity of micromobility systems are the increasing vehicle sharing systems, being an economical alternative especially in short distances defined as the last kilometer or last mile, being adversely affected by traffic jams at the lowest level and the perception of these systems being environmentally friendly. However, the extent to which these thoughts or perceptions reflect reality is an issue that should be carefully considered. Micromobility systems are modes of transportation that have become very popular, largely among youngsters as they have an enjoyable use. However, ther are alternatives that have low security, can not offer solutions to traffic jams, and have adverse effects on the environment, contrary to the general public perception. However, they offer an important and positive transportation alternative when used as a complementary mode of transportation in the last kilometer instead of motor vehicles. On the other hand, comprehensive studies such as social benefit/cost analyzes should be carried out to determine the effectiveness of micromobility systems, and important legal regulations should be made regarding the use of these systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Micromobility, transportation planning, traffic engineering, highway traffic safety, environmental effects

Kaynakça

• Alwani, M., Jones, A. J., Sandelski, M., Bandali, E., Lancaster, B., Sim, M. W., Shipchandler, T. ve Ting, J. (2020). Facing facts: Facial injuries from stand-up electric scooters. Cureus, 12(1), e6663–e6663. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6663
• APTA Standards Development Urban Design Working Group. (2009). Defining Transit Areas of Influence. Erişim Adresi: https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/Standards_Documents/APTA-SUDS-UD-RP-001-09.pdf
• Austin Public Health. (2019). Dockless Electric Scooter-related Injuries Study. Erişim Adresi: https://www.austintexas.gov/sites/default/files/files/Health/Epidemiology/APH_Dockless_Electric_Scooter_Study_5-2-19.pdf
• Badeau, A., Carman, C., Newman, M., Steenblik, J., Carlson, M. ve Madsen, T. (2019). Emergency department visits for electric scooter-related injuries after introduction of an urban rental program. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 37(8), 1531–1533. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AJEM.2019.05.003
• Baptista, P., Melo, S. ve Rolim, C. (2014). Energy, environmental and mobility impacts of car-sharing systems. Empirical results from Lisbon, Portugal. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 111, 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.035
• Beck, S., Barker, L., Chan, A. ve Stanbridge, S. (2019). Emergency department impact following the introduction of an electric scooter sharing service. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 32(3), 409–415. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13419
• Blomberg, J. ve Söderholm, P. (2009). The economics of secondary aluminium supply: An econometric analysis based on European data. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53(8), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.03.001
• Blomberg, S. N. F., Rosenkrantz, O. C. M., Lippert, F. ve Christensen, H. C. (2019). Injury from electric scooters in Copenhagen: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open, 9(12), e033988. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033988
• Bloom, M. B., Noorzad, A., Lin, C., Little, M., Lee, E. Y., Margulies, D. R. ve Torbati, S. S. (2021). Standing electric scooter injuries: Impact on a community. The American Journal of Surgery, 221(1), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.07.020
• Brunner, H., Hirz, M., Hirschberg, W. ve Fallast, K. (2018). Evaluation of various means of transport for urban areas. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 8(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-018-0149-0
• Chang, A., Miranda-Moreno, L., Sun, L. ve Clewlow, R. (2019). Trend or Fad? Deciphering the Enablers of Micromobility in the U.S.
• Chen, T. D. ve Kockelman, K. M. (2016). Carsharing’s life-cycle impacts on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 47, 276–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.05.012
• Christoforou, Z., Gioldasis, C., de Bortoli, A. ve Seidowsky, R. (2021). Who is using e-scooters and how? Evidence from Paris. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 92(January), 102708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102708
• Cohen, A. ve Shaheen, A. (2018). Planning for Shared Mobility. https://doi.org/10.7922/G2NV9GDD
• Galatoulas, N.-F., Genikomsakis, K. N. ve Ioakimidis, C. S. (2020). Spatio-temporal trends of e-bike sharing system deployment: A review in Europe, North America and Asia. Sustainability, 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114611
• Ge, M. ve Wang, S. (2019). Everything You Need to Know About the Fastest-Growing Source of Global Emissions: Transport. WRI-World Resources Institute.
• Google. Google Maps. Erişim Adresi: https://www.google.com/maps
• Hamilton, A. (2012, February 7). Will Car-Sharing Networks Change the Way We Travel? Time.
• Hardt, C. ve Bogenberger, K. (2019). Usage of e-scooters in urban environments. Transportation Research Procedia, 37, 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.12.178
• Hawkins, T. R., Singh, B., Majeau-Bettez, G. ve Strømman, A. H. (2013). Comparative environmental life cycle sssessment of conventional and electric vehicles. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 17(1), 53–64. /https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00532.x
• Haworth, N. L. ve Schramm, A. (2019). Illegal and risky riding of electric scooters in Brisbane. Medical Journal of Australia, 211(9), 412–413). https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50275
• He, L., Mak, H. Y. ve Rong, Y. (2019). Operations management of vehicle sharing systems. Sharing Economy (s. 461-484) içinde. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01863-4_19
• Hollingsworth, J., Copeland, B. ve Johnson, J. X. (2019). Are e-scooters polluters? The environmental impacts of shared dockless electric scooters You may also like Software development of electric scooter Are e-scooters polluters? The environmental impacts of shared dockless electric scooters. Environmental Research Letters, 14(084031). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2da8
• Hosseinzadeh, A., Karimpour, A. ve Kluger, R. (2021). Factors influencing shared micromobility services: An analysis of e-scooters and bikeshare. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 100, 103047.
• ITF. (2020). Safe Micromobility. Erişim Adresi: https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/safe-micromobility_1.pdf
• Khalil, J., Yan, D., Guo, G., Sami, M. T., Roy, J. B. ve Sisiopiku, V. P. (2021). Traffic study of shared micromobility Services by transportation simulation. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) (s. 3691-3699). IEEE.
• Li, A., Zhao, P., Haitao, H., Mansourian, A. ve Axhausen, K. W. (2021). How did micro-mobility change in response to COVID-19 pandemic? A case study based on spatial-temporal-semantic analytics. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 90, 101703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101703
• Lipovsky, C. (2021). Free-floating electric scooters: representation in French mainstream media. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 15(10), 778–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1809752
• Møller, T. H., Simlett, J. Ve Mugnier, E. (2020). Micromobility: Moving cities into a sustainable future. EY: London, UK.
• Moreau, H., de Jamblinne de Meux, L., Zeller, V., D’Ans, P., Ruwet, C. ve Achten, W. M. J. (2020). Dockless e-scooter: A green solution for mobility? Comparative case study between dockless e-scooters, displaced transport, and personal e-scooters. Sustainability, 12(5)., 1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051803
• Namiri, N. K., Lui, H., Tangney, T., Allen, I. E., Cohen, A. J. ve Breyer, B. N. (2020). Electric scooter injuries and hospital admissions in the united states, 2014-2018. JAMA Surgery, 155(4), 357–359. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.5423
• Oeschger, G., Carroll, P. ve Caulfield, B. (2020). Micromobility and public transport integration: The current state of knowledge. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 89, 102628.
• POLIS. (2019). Macro managing Micro mobility Taking the long view on short trips. Erişim Adresi: https://www.polisnetwork.eu/document/macromanaging-micromobility Resmi Gazete. (2021, April 14). Elektrikli Skuter Yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete.
• SAE. (2019). Taxonomy and classification of powered micromobility vehicles. In SAE. Erişim Adresi: https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3194_201911
• Schlosser, K. (2019). Watching a video full of scary scooter wipeouts from San Diego and wondering: Is Seattle ready? GeekWire.
• Shaheen, S., Cohen, A., Chan, N. ve Bansal, A. (2020). Sharing strategies: carsharing, shared micromobility (bikesharing and scooter sharing), transportation network companies, microtransit, and other innovative mobility modes. Transportation, Land Use, and Environmental Planning, 237–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815167-9.00013-X
• Sikka, N., Vila, C., Stratton, M., Ghassemi, M. ve Pourmand, A. (2019). Sharing the sidewalk: A case of E-scooter related pedestrian injury. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 37(9), 1807.e5-1807.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.06.017
• Şengül, B. ve Mostofi, H. (2021). Impacts of e-micromobility on the sustainability of urban transportation - a systematic review. Applied Sciences, 11(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11135851
• Trivedi, T. K., Liu, C., Antonio, A. L. M., Wheaton, N., Kreger, V., Yap, A., Schriger, D. ve Elmore, J. G. (2019). Injuries Associated With Standing Electric Scooter Use. JAMA Network Open, 2(1), e187381–e187381. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7381
• Yang, H., Ma, Q., Wang, Z., Cai, Q., Xie, K. ve Yang, D. (2020). Safety of micro-mobility: Analysis of E-Scooter crashes by mining news reports. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 143, 105608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105608
• Yılmaz, E. A. ve Can Öziç, H. (2018). Türkiye’nin yenilenebilir enerji potansiyeli ve gelecek hedefleri Renewable energy potential and future aims of Turkey. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(3), 525–535