İklim değişikliğine uyum kapsamında mekânsal planlama sürecini risk temelli yaklaşım ile yeniden düşünmek

Öz

İklim değişikliği günümüzde önemli risk etmenlerinin başında gelmekte ve mevcut riskleri şiddetlendirmesinin yanı sıra yeni riskler yaratmaktadır. Aşırı iklim olaylarının sıklığı, süresi ve yoğunluğundaki artış, iklim değişikliğine bağlı risklerin yönetimini önemli bir gündem maddesi haline getirmiştir. Bu kapsamda iklimle ilgili risklerin azaltılması iklim değişikliğine uyum anlamında hayati önem kazanmıştır. Mekânsal planlama disiplini de iklim değişikliğine uyum stratejilerinin hayata geçirileceği ve risk azaltımına kendi gündeminde kaçınılmaz olarak yer vermesi gereken disiplinlerin başında gelmektedir. Mekânsal planlamanın analiz, sentez, planlama yaklaşımı ve plan aşamalarını içeren süreci göz önüne alındığında, Türkiye'deki planlama pratiğinde iklim değişikliğine uyum ve risk azaltımı yaklaşımının henüz önemli bir yere sahip olmadığı görülmektedir. Risk azaltımı, mekânsal plan kararları ile doğrudan ilişkili olup bu kararlar iklim değişikliğine bağlı riskleri tetikleyebilir ve arttırabilir. Buna karşılık artan risk, planlama kararlarını geçersiz kılabilir veya âtıl bırakabilir. Bu sebeple planlama disiplininin riski planlama süreçlerine entegre edememesi, başlı başına bir planlama sorununu işaret etmekte olup mekânsal planların analiz, sentez, planlama yaklaşımı ve plan süreçlerinde bu konunun benimsenmesi ihtiyacı doğmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iklim değişikliğine bağlı risklerin mekânsal planlama sürecine nasıl entegre edilebileceği ele alınacak olup her aşamada bu yaklaşıma yönelik yapılabilecek adımlar önerilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• iklim risk azaltımı
• tehlike
• maruziyet
• zarar görebilirlik
• mekânsal planlama

Rethinking the spatial planning process in the context of climate change adaptation through a risk-based approach

Öz

Climate change is currently one of the most significant risk factors, not only exacerbating existing risks but also creating new ones. The increasing frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme climate events have made the management of climate-related risks a crucial agenda item. In this context, reducing climate-related risks has become vital for climate change adaptation. Spatial planning is among the key disciplines where adaptation strategies to climate change can be implemented, and it inevitably needs to incorporate risk reduction into its agenda. In the context of spatial planning practice in Turkey, it is evident that the approach to climate change adaptation and risk reduction has not yet gained significant importance within the planning process, which involves analysis, synthesis, planning rationale, and planning stages. Risk reduction is directly linked to spatial planning decisions, as these decisions may trigger and intensify climate-related risks. Conversely, increasing risks may invalidate or render planning decisions ineffective. Therefore, the inability of the planning discipline to integrate risk into planning processes indicates a fundamental planning issue, highlighting the necessity of adopting this perspective within the analysis, synthesis, planning rationale, and planning stages of spatial plans. This study aims to explore how climate-related risks can be integrated into the spatial planning process and proposes steps to incorporate this approach at each stage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• climate risk reduction
• hazard
• exposure
• vulnerability
• spatial planning

Kaynakça

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