Akıllı şehirlerde önleyici güvenlik: Sensör ağları ve CCTV’nin etkinliği üzerine nitel bir değerlendirme

Öz

Bu çalışma, akıllı şehir teknolojilerinin suç önleme ve soruşturma süreçlerindeki rolünü kriminolojik ve kriminalistik perspektiflerden ele almaktadır. Yoğun kentleşmenin doğurduğu güvenlik sorunlarına yanıt olarak geliştirilen akıllı şehir altyapıları, sensör sistemleri, kapalı devre televizyon (CCTV), nesnelerin interneti (IoT), plaka tanıma sistemleri ve yapay zekâ destekli gözetim araçları aracılığıyla suçla mücadelede yeni imkânlar sunmaktadır. Kriminolojik açıdan, bu teknolojiler durumsal suç önleme, rutin faaliyetler kuramı ve suç sıcak noktaları yaklaşımları çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir. Teknolojinin sunduğu veri analitiği ve erken uyarı sistemleri, devriye planlamasında öngörücü polislik anlayışını desteklemekte, suçun mekânsal dağılımına ilişkin stratejik müdahale fırsatları yaratmaktadır. Kriminalistik düzlemde ise, dijital delil niteliğindeki görüntü ve sensör verilerinin zaman-mekân doğrulaması, delil zinciri güvenliği ve adli bilişim yöntemleri ile adli süreçlerde kullanımı analiz edilmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada teknolojilerin teknik, etik ve hukuki sınırlarına da dikkat çekilmektedir. Mahremiyet ihlalleri, algoritmik önyargılar, toplumsal eşitsizliklerin pekişmesi ve delil geçerliliğine dair sorunlar, akıllı güvenlik sistemlerinin meşruiyetini ve etkinliğini tartışmalı hale getirmektedir. Sonuç olarak, akıllı şehir güvenliğinin teknolojik, şeffaf, adil ve katılımcı yönetişim anlayışıyla şekillendirilmesi gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kent güvenliği
• kriminoloji
• suç araştırmaları
• kriminalistik

Preventive security in smart cities: Effectiveness of sensor networks and CCTV

Öz

This study examines the role of smart city technologies in crime prevention and investigation from both criminological and criminalistic perspectives. In response to security challenges associated with rapid urbanization, smart city infrastructures—such as sensor systems, Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV), the Internet of Things (IoT), license plate recognition systems, and AI-powered surveillance tools—offer new opportunities for crime control. From a criminological perspective, these technologies are evaluated within the frameworks of situational crime prevention, routine activity theory, and crime hotspot analysis. Their analytical capacities and early warning mechanisms support predictive policing practices and enable targeted, spatially informed interventions. From a criminalistic standpoint, the study addresses the evidentiary value of digital data, including visual and sensor-based outputs, focusing on issues of spatiotemporal verification, chain of custody integrity, and the application of digital forensic techniques in judicial proceedings. At the same time, the study highlights key technical, ethical, and legal challenges, including privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, the reproduction of social inequalities, and problems related to the admissibility of digital evidence. Overall, the findings underscore that urban security in smart cities should be understood not merely as a technological innovation, but as a complex socio-political domain requiring transparent, just, and participatory governance models.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban security
• criminology
• crime studies
• criminalistics

Kaynakça

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