Yeni Almanya’daki Türkler

Öz

1991’de, Berlin Duvarı’nın yıkılışından bir yıl sonra, göz kamaştıran heyecan kaybolmuştu ve yeniden birleşmenin sancılı etkileri kendini hissettiriyordu. Bir doğu Alman kabaresindeki espriler acı bir hal aldı. “Karl Marx’ımızı aldılar; bari biraz Kapital bıraksalardı.” “Eskiden her şey daha iyiydi. En azından kurtulabilirdik.” Avrupa da ortak ekonomik pazardan kısa süre sonra Maastricht’te imzalanarak hayata geçirilecek bir politik-sosyal birliğe dönüşüyordu. Aynı zamanda, yabancılar aleyhindeki milliyetçi ve kamusal hassasiyet, Avrupa çapında yeniden yükselmiş ve şiddeti körüklemişti.

Berlin’deki Türk kimlikleri kendi dâhilî ve haricî dinamiklerine sahip iken, şimdi, yeniden birleşen Almanya ve yeni Avrupa çerçevesinde anlaşılmak durumundadır. Almanya’daki farklı –fakat hiçbir şekilde rastlantısal olmayan- Türk kimlikleri sınıfsal, etnik ve dinî bağlılıklardan; kurumsal ve (bizzat Almanlar ve Türkler tarafından yaratılan) medya etnik-zemininden (ethnoscape); genelleştirilmiş mütekabiliyete dair kişiler arası beklentilerin ortak düzenliliklerinden ve Türklerin Almanlar tarafından tanımlanma (ve birleşmeden sonra yeniden-tanımlanma) biçimlerine gösterilen tepkiden oluşmuştur. Bu son süreç kimliğin, doğu-batı Almanya ilişkilerinin, ekonomik çöküşün ve Almanya ile Avrupa’daki yeni Alman kimliğinin tarihsel bir unsurudur. Stuart Hall’ın (1990) işaret ettiği üzere, tarihsel olan her şey gibi kimlikler de mütemadiyen dönüşüme uğramakta; tarihin, kültürün ve gücün kesintisiz oyununa konu olmaktadır. Tarihsel koşullar tarafından inşa edilen kimliğin iki boyutu olduğunu düşünüyorum. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeni Almanya,Türkler

Turks in New Germany

Öz

Kaynakça

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