Methodological Examination of Urban Resilience Studies Related to Disaster Risks

Öz

Resilience was first defined in a dictionary published in 1618. Its use in urban planning literature by associating it with the definition in the 1973 publication of Crawford Stanley Holling, who is interested in the ecology. It was used with the concepts of disaster and risk in the 2000s. One of the main reasons why the concept has started to be used in disaster and risk studies is that disasters cause loss of life and property at local and global level. In this study, the historical development of disaster risks and resilience were mentioned. By doing secondary data and content analysis, national and international studies were examined. Three models, which are widely used in urban resilience studies, have been selected from 25 different resilience studies and methods conducted socially and spatially while dealing with disaster and disaster risks. These three models are; Baseline Resilience Indicators For Communities, Arup & Rockefeller Foundation Resilience City Index, and UNISDR The Disaster Resilience Scorecard For Cities. These selected models have been compared with each other since they differ in terms of the tools and methods used. It is thought that this study will contribute to the development of urban resilience models.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Resilience
• disaster risk
• disaster management
• resilience measurement
• resilience assessment

Afet Riskleri ile İlgili Kentsel Dayanıklılık Çalışmalarının Yöntemsel Olarak İncelenmesi

Öz

Resilience kavramı, ilk kez 1618 yılında yayımlanmış bir sözlükte tanımlanmıştır. Kentsel planlama alanındaki kullanımı, ekoloji bilimiyle ilgilenen Crawford Stanley Holling’in 1973 yılında yaptığı yayınındaki tanımıyla ilişkilendirilerek literatüre girmiştir. 2000’li yıllarda afet ve risk kavramları ile kullanılmıştır. Kavramın afet ve risk çalışmalarında kullanılmaya başlamasının temel sebeplerinden biri afetlerin, yerel ve küresel düzeyde ekonomik zararlar vermesi ve çok fazla can kaybına yol açmasıdır. Bu çalışmada afet riskleri ve dayanıklılık ilişkisi ele alınmış ve tarihsel gelişiminden bahsedilmiştir. İkincil veri ve içerik analizi yapılarak, ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde yapılan çalışmalar irdelenmiştir. Afet ve afet riskleriyle mücadele ederken toplumsal ve mekânsal olarak yapılan 25 farklı dayanıklılık çalışması ve yöntemlerinden, kentsel dayanıklılık çalışmalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan üç model seçilmiştir. Bu üç model; Topluluklar İçin Temel Dayanıklılık Göstergeleri (Baseline Resilience İndicators For Communities), Dayanıklı Kent Göstergeleri (Arup & Rockefeller Foundation) ve Kentler İçin Afete Dayanıklılık Puan Kartları (UNISDR The Disaster Resilience Scorecard For Cities)’dır. Seçilen bu modeller, kullanılan araçlar ve yöntem açısından farklılıklar gösterdiği için birbiriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın, kentsel dayanıklılık modellerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• dayanıklılık
• afet riski
• afet yönetimi
• dayanıklılığın ölçülmesi
• dayanıklılığın değerlendirilmesi

Kaynakça

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