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‘Dekomodifikasyon’dan ‘Komodifikasyon’a: İsveç Konut Politikasında Neoliberal Eğilimler

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 13, 57 - 81, 31.07.2014

Öz

Bu yazıda, İsveç’te uygulanan konut politikalarında meydana
gelen dönüşüm, tarihî bir perspektiften ele alınacaktır. İsveç, II. Dünya
Savaşı’ndan sonra uyguladığı politikalarla konutu bir meta olmaktan büyük
ölçüde çıkarmış, onu, sosyal refah devletinin en önemli bileşenlerinden biri
hâline getirmiştir. Fakat bilhassa 1990’lı yıllarla birlikte bu politikada
önemli bir kırılma yaşanmış; konut sektörü, piyasanın tesirine daha açık bir
hâl almaya başlamıştır. Yazıda, bahsi geçen bu dönüşüm sürecinin sebepleri ele
alınacak ve bu bağlamda İsveç konut politikasında ortaya çıkan yeni tablo
betimlenmeye çalışılacaktır.  

Kaynakça

  • Abramsson, M. (2008). Housing Careers in a Changing Welfare State - A Swedish Cohort Study. Housing, Theory and Society, 25 (4), 231-253.
  • Agell, J., Englund, P. and Södersten, J. (1996, December). Tax Reform of the Century - The Swedish Experiment. National Tax Journal, 49 (4), 643-664.
  • Åhrén, P. (2007). Housing Allowance Systems in Sweden. Housing Allowances in Comparative Perspective. (Ed.) P. A. Kemp. Bristol: The Policy Press, 215-238.
  • Aksoy, K. (2006). Avrupa Refah Devletinin Bunalımı. İLEM Yıllık, 1 (1), 7-26.
  • Anas, A. et al. (1991). The Swedish Housing Market: Development and Institutional Setting. Housing Markets and Institutions: An International Comparison. (Eds.) B. Hårsman and J. M. Quigley. Massachusetts and Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 31-62.
  • Andersson, E. et al. (2007, June). Housing, Socio-Economic Security and Risks: A Qualitative Comparison of Household Attitudes in Finland and Sweden. European Journal of Housing Policy, 7 (2), 151-172.
  • Atterhög, M. (2005). Increased Competition in the Swedish Housing Market and Its Effect on Rents and Quality of Housing Services for Households. Housing, Theory and Society, 22 (1), 32-49.
  • Barlow, J. and Duncan, S. (1994). Success and Failure in Housing Provision: European Systems Compared. Oxford, New York and Tokyo: PERGAMON.
  • Bengtsson, B. (2004, July). Swedish Housing Corporatism - A Case of Path Dependence?. Cambridge: ENHR Conference - ‘Housing: Growth and Regeneration’.
  • Davidson, A. (1999). Alternative Models of Social Housing: Tenure Patterns and Cost-Renting in New Zealand and Sweden. Housing Studies, 14 (4), 453-472.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Goldman, D. How Residential Rent Levels Are Decided in Sweden: New Rules. http://university.akelius.de/library/pdf/how_reside_goldman_da1104.pdf. Erişim: 12.12.2012.
  • Harloe, M. (1995). The People’s Home?: Social Rented Housing in Europe and America. Oxford UK & Cambridge USA: Blackwell.
  • Headey, B. (1978). Housing Policy in the Developed Economy: The United Kingdom, Sweden and the United States. London: Croom Helm.
  • Hedin, K. et al. (2012). Neoliberalization of Housing in Sweden: Gentrification, Filtering, and Social Polarization. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 102 (2), 443-463.
  • Hoekstra, J. (2010). Divergence in European Welfare and Housing Systems. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
  • Hüfner, F. and Lundsgaard, J. (2007). The Swedish Housing Market: Better Allocation via Less Regulation. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 559, OECD Publishing.
  • Johansson, A. (1938, May). Social Housing Policy in Sweden. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 197, 160-170.
  • Johnson, G. (2010). Affordable Housing: Position Statements for Stockholm. Stockholm County Council: Office of Regional Planning.
  • Kemeny, J. (1995). From Public Housing to the Social Market: Rental Policy Strategies in Comparative Perspective. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Lind, H. (2007). The Municipal Housing Companies in Sweden: Current Situation and Future Prospects. Rotterdam: ENHR International Conference: ‘Sustainable Urban Areas’.
  • Lindbergh, L., Larsson, C-G. and Wilson, T. (2006, January). Financial Management in Public Housing Companies as Related to the Negotiating Process in Sweden. Housing Studies, 21 (1), 17-34.
  • Lindbom, A. (2001, October). Dismantling Swedish Housing Policy. Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration, 14 (4), 503-526.
  • Magnusson Turner, L. (2008). Social Housing and Market Residential Segregation: The Case of Municipal Housing Companies in Sweden. Social Housing in Europe II: A Review of Policies and Outcomes. (Eds.) K. Scanlon and C. Whitehead. London: The London School of Economics and Political Science, 225-239.
  • Magnusson, L. and Turner, B. (2008). Municipal Housing Companies in Sweden - Social by Default. Housing, Theory and Society, 25 (4), 275-296.
  • Marshall, G. (2005). Sosyoloji Sözlüğü. (çev. O. Akınhay ve D. Kömürcü). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Milner, H. (1989). Sweden: Social Democracy in Practice. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nesslein, T. S. (2003). Market versus Planning: An Assessment of the Swedish Housing Model in the Post-war Period. Urban Studies, 40 (7), 1259-1282.
  • Nilsson, J-E. (2007). Sweden: The Emergence of a National Urban Policy. National Policy Responses to Urban Challenges in Europe. (Eds.) L. Berg, E. Braun and J. Meer. London: Ashgate Publishing, 361-378.
  • Nordfeldt, M. and Larsson, O. S. (2011). Local Welfare in Sweden: Housing, Employment and Child Care. WILCO Publication, No.03. Olsson, U. (1991, Spring). Planning in the Swedish Welfare State. Studies in Political Economy, 34, 147-171.
  • Regeringskansliet. History of the Swedish Tax System: From the Beginning of the 20th Century to the Great Tax Reform. http://www.government.se/sb/d/9509/a/94915. Erişim: 20.7.2013.
  • Standard & Poor’s. (2006, December). Swedish Rental Housing System Could Be Reformed Following EU Complaint.
  • Statistics Sweden. Completed Dwellings in Newly Constructed Buildings by Tenure and Period. http://www.scb.se/Pages/SSD/SSD_TablePresentation____340508.aspx? layout=tableViewLayout1&rxid=2f2de672-fd33-4021-9b24-6598ac7d2fab. Erişim: 20.7.2013.
  • Strömberg, T. (1992). The Politicization of the Housing Market: The Social Democrats and the Housing Question. Creating Social Democracy: A Century of the Social Democratic Labor Party in Sweden. (Eds.) K. Misgeld, K. Molin, and K. Åmark. USA: Pennsylvania State University, 237-269.
  • Timonen, V. (2003). Restructuring THE Welfare State: Globalization and Social Policy Reform in Finland and Sweden. Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Turner, B. (1996). Sweden. Housing Policy in Europe. (Ed.) P. Balchin. London and New York: Routledge, 99-112.
  • Turner, B. (1997). Municipal Housing Companies in Sweden: On or Off the Market?. Housing Studies, 12 (4), 477-488.
  • Turner, B. (1999). Social Housing Finance in Sweden. Urban Studies, 36 (4), 683-697.
  • Turner, B. (2007). Social Housing in Sweden. Social Housing in Europe. (Eds.) C. Whitehead and K. Scanlon. London: The London School of Economics and Political Science, 148-164.
  • Turner, B. and Whitehead, C. M. E. (2002). Reducing Housing Subsidy: Swedish Housing Policy in an International Context. Urban Studies, 39 (2), 201-217.
  • Tutin, C. (2008, October). Social Housing: Another French Exception?. Budapest: Central and East European Workshop on Social Housing. UN-HABITAT. (2009). Housing in Sweden. Building Prosperity: Housing and Economic Development. http://www.unhabitat.org/documents/HED/Case%20Study4.pdf. Erişim: 30.12.2012.
  • Wendt, P. F. (1968). Mesken Politikası: Çözüm Yolları. (çev. S. Kodalbaş). Ankara: İmar ve İskân Bakanlığı Mesken Genel Müdürlüğü Sosyal Araştırma Dairesi.
  • Whitehead, C. M. E. (2003). Restructuring Social Housing Systems. Housing and Social Change: East-West Perspectives. (Eds.) R. Forrest and J. Lee. London and New York: Routledge, 46-68.

From Decommodification to Commodification: Neoliberal Tendencies in Swedish Housing Policy

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 13, 57 - 81, 31.07.2014

Öz

The
purpose of this article is to address the question of the transformation of
Swedish housing policies from a historical perspective. In Sweden, housing had
substantially been decommodified and had become one of the most important
pillars of the welfare state particularly in post-World War II era. But after
the policy reforms in the 90’s, housing sector has become more open to the
influence of the free market. In this context the study aims to indicate the
reasons of aforementioned transformation process and to describe the current
situation of Swedish housing policy.

Kaynakça

  • Abramsson, M. (2008). Housing Careers in a Changing Welfare State - A Swedish Cohort Study. Housing, Theory and Society, 25 (4), 231-253.
  • Agell, J., Englund, P. and Södersten, J. (1996, December). Tax Reform of the Century - The Swedish Experiment. National Tax Journal, 49 (4), 643-664.
  • Åhrén, P. (2007). Housing Allowance Systems in Sweden. Housing Allowances in Comparative Perspective. (Ed.) P. A. Kemp. Bristol: The Policy Press, 215-238.
  • Aksoy, K. (2006). Avrupa Refah Devletinin Bunalımı. İLEM Yıllık, 1 (1), 7-26.
  • Anas, A. et al. (1991). The Swedish Housing Market: Development and Institutional Setting. Housing Markets and Institutions: An International Comparison. (Eds.) B. Hårsman and J. M. Quigley. Massachusetts and Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 31-62.
  • Andersson, E. et al. (2007, June). Housing, Socio-Economic Security and Risks: A Qualitative Comparison of Household Attitudes in Finland and Sweden. European Journal of Housing Policy, 7 (2), 151-172.
  • Atterhög, M. (2005). Increased Competition in the Swedish Housing Market and Its Effect on Rents and Quality of Housing Services for Households. Housing, Theory and Society, 22 (1), 32-49.
  • Barlow, J. and Duncan, S. (1994). Success and Failure in Housing Provision: European Systems Compared. Oxford, New York and Tokyo: PERGAMON.
  • Bengtsson, B. (2004, July). Swedish Housing Corporatism - A Case of Path Dependence?. Cambridge: ENHR Conference - ‘Housing: Growth and Regeneration’.
  • Davidson, A. (1999). Alternative Models of Social Housing: Tenure Patterns and Cost-Renting in New Zealand and Sweden. Housing Studies, 14 (4), 453-472.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Goldman, D. How Residential Rent Levels Are Decided in Sweden: New Rules. http://university.akelius.de/library/pdf/how_reside_goldman_da1104.pdf. Erişim: 12.12.2012.
  • Harloe, M. (1995). The People’s Home?: Social Rented Housing in Europe and America. Oxford UK & Cambridge USA: Blackwell.
  • Headey, B. (1978). Housing Policy in the Developed Economy: The United Kingdom, Sweden and the United States. London: Croom Helm.
  • Hedin, K. et al. (2012). Neoliberalization of Housing in Sweden: Gentrification, Filtering, and Social Polarization. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 102 (2), 443-463.
  • Hoekstra, J. (2010). Divergence in European Welfare and Housing Systems. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
  • Hüfner, F. and Lundsgaard, J. (2007). The Swedish Housing Market: Better Allocation via Less Regulation. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 559, OECD Publishing.
  • Johansson, A. (1938, May). Social Housing Policy in Sweden. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 197, 160-170.
  • Johnson, G. (2010). Affordable Housing: Position Statements for Stockholm. Stockholm County Council: Office of Regional Planning.
  • Kemeny, J. (1995). From Public Housing to the Social Market: Rental Policy Strategies in Comparative Perspective. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Lind, H. (2007). The Municipal Housing Companies in Sweden: Current Situation and Future Prospects. Rotterdam: ENHR International Conference: ‘Sustainable Urban Areas’.
  • Lindbergh, L., Larsson, C-G. and Wilson, T. (2006, January). Financial Management in Public Housing Companies as Related to the Negotiating Process in Sweden. Housing Studies, 21 (1), 17-34.
  • Lindbom, A. (2001, October). Dismantling Swedish Housing Policy. Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration, 14 (4), 503-526.
  • Magnusson Turner, L. (2008). Social Housing and Market Residential Segregation: The Case of Municipal Housing Companies in Sweden. Social Housing in Europe II: A Review of Policies and Outcomes. (Eds.) K. Scanlon and C. Whitehead. London: The London School of Economics and Political Science, 225-239.
  • Magnusson, L. and Turner, B. (2008). Municipal Housing Companies in Sweden - Social by Default. Housing, Theory and Society, 25 (4), 275-296.
  • Marshall, G. (2005). Sosyoloji Sözlüğü. (çev. O. Akınhay ve D. Kömürcü). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Milner, H. (1989). Sweden: Social Democracy in Practice. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nesslein, T. S. (2003). Market versus Planning: An Assessment of the Swedish Housing Model in the Post-war Period. Urban Studies, 40 (7), 1259-1282.
  • Nilsson, J-E. (2007). Sweden: The Emergence of a National Urban Policy. National Policy Responses to Urban Challenges in Europe. (Eds.) L. Berg, E. Braun and J. Meer. London: Ashgate Publishing, 361-378.
  • Nordfeldt, M. and Larsson, O. S. (2011). Local Welfare in Sweden: Housing, Employment and Child Care. WILCO Publication, No.03. Olsson, U. (1991, Spring). Planning in the Swedish Welfare State. Studies in Political Economy, 34, 147-171.
  • Regeringskansliet. History of the Swedish Tax System: From the Beginning of the 20th Century to the Great Tax Reform. http://www.government.se/sb/d/9509/a/94915. Erişim: 20.7.2013.
  • Standard & Poor’s. (2006, December). Swedish Rental Housing System Could Be Reformed Following EU Complaint.
  • Statistics Sweden. Completed Dwellings in Newly Constructed Buildings by Tenure and Period. http://www.scb.se/Pages/SSD/SSD_TablePresentation____340508.aspx? layout=tableViewLayout1&rxid=2f2de672-fd33-4021-9b24-6598ac7d2fab. Erişim: 20.7.2013.
  • Strömberg, T. (1992). The Politicization of the Housing Market: The Social Democrats and the Housing Question. Creating Social Democracy: A Century of the Social Democratic Labor Party in Sweden. (Eds.) K. Misgeld, K. Molin, and K. Åmark. USA: Pennsylvania State University, 237-269.
  • Timonen, V. (2003). Restructuring THE Welfare State: Globalization and Social Policy Reform in Finland and Sweden. Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Turner, B. (1996). Sweden. Housing Policy in Europe. (Ed.) P. Balchin. London and New York: Routledge, 99-112.
  • Turner, B. (1997). Municipal Housing Companies in Sweden: On or Off the Market?. Housing Studies, 12 (4), 477-488.
  • Turner, B. (1999). Social Housing Finance in Sweden. Urban Studies, 36 (4), 683-697.
  • Turner, B. (2007). Social Housing in Sweden. Social Housing in Europe. (Eds.) C. Whitehead and K. Scanlon. London: The London School of Economics and Political Science, 148-164.
  • Turner, B. and Whitehead, C. M. E. (2002). Reducing Housing Subsidy: Swedish Housing Policy in an International Context. Urban Studies, 39 (2), 201-217.
  • Tutin, C. (2008, October). Social Housing: Another French Exception?. Budapest: Central and East European Workshop on Social Housing. UN-HABITAT. (2009). Housing in Sweden. Building Prosperity: Housing and Economic Development. http://www.unhabitat.org/documents/HED/Case%20Study4.pdf. Erişim: 30.12.2012.
  • Wendt, P. F. (1968). Mesken Politikası: Çözüm Yolları. (çev. S. Kodalbaş). Ankara: İmar ve İskân Bakanlığı Mesken Genel Müdürlüğü Sosyal Araştırma Dairesi.
  • Whitehead, C. M. E. (2003). Restructuring Social Housing Systems. Housing and Social Change: East-West Perspectives. (Eds.) R. Forrest and J. Lee. London and New York: Routledge, 46-68.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hakan Olgun

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA Olgun, H. (2014). ‘Dekomodifikasyon’dan ‘Komodifikasyon’a: İsveç Konut Politikasında Neoliberal Eğilimler. İDEALKENT, 5(13), 57-81.