Yeni Almanya’daki Türkler

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 14, 53 - 87, 26.04.2018

Jenny White

Öz

1991’de,
Berlin Duvarı’nın yıkılışından bir yıl sonra, göz kamaştıran heyecan
kaybolmuştu ve yeniden birleşmenin sancılı etkileri kendini hissettiriyordu.
Bir doğu Alman kabaresindeki espriler acı bir hal aldı. “Karl Marx’ımızı
aldılar; bari biraz Kapital bıraksalardı.” “Eskiden her şey daha iyiydi. En
azından kurtulabilirdik.” Avrupa da ortak ekonomik pazardan kısa süre sonra
Maastricht’te imzalanarak hayata geçirilecek bir politik-sosyal birliğe
dönüşüyordu. Aynı zamanda, yabancılar aleyhindeki milliyetçi ve kamusal
hassasiyet, Avrupa çapında yeniden yükselmiş ve şiddeti körüklemişti.

Berlin’deki
Türk kimlikleri kendi dâhilî ve haricî dinamiklerine sahip iken, şimdi, yeniden
birleşen Almanya ve yeni Avrupa çerçevesinde anlaşılmak durumundadır.
Almanya’daki farklı –fakat hiçbir şekilde rastlantısal olmayan- Türk kimlikleri
sınıfsal, etnik ve dinî bağlılıklardan; kurumsal ve (bizzat Almanlar ve Türkler
tarafından yaratılan) medya etnik-zemininden (ethnoscape); genelleştirilmiş
mütekabiliyete dair kişiler arası beklentilerin ortak düzenliliklerinden ve
Türklerin Almanlar tarafından tanımlanma (ve birleşmeden sonra
yeniden-tanımlanma) biçimlerine gösterilen tepkiden oluşmuştur. Bu son süreç
kimliğin, doğu-batı Almanya ilişkilerinin, ekonomik çöküşün ve Almanya ile
Avrupa’daki yeni Alman kimliğinin tarihsel bir unsurudur. Stuart Hall’ın (1990)
işaret ettiği üzere, tarihsel olan her şey gibi kimlikler de mütemadiyen dönüşüme
uğramakta; tarihin, kültürün ve gücün kesintisiz oyununa konu olmaktadır. Tarihsel
koşullar tarafından inşa edilen kimliğin iki boyutu olduğunu düşünüyorum. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeni Almanya, Türkler

Turks in New Germany

Öz

Kaynakça

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